烟草品种间同工酶遗传距离与杂种优势关系的研究

对烟草品种９种同工酶进行了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,苹果酸酶（苗期叶部１个位点,花蕾１个位点）、６－磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶（苗期叶部２个位点）、乳酸脱氢酶（大田旺长期由１个位点）、过氧化物酶（旺长期叶部６个位点,花蕾４个位点）,酯酶（现蕾期叶部１个位点,花蕾１个位点）５个酶的１７个位点品种间存在多态性,而淀粉酶,乙醇脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶,苹果酸脱氢酶品种间无差异。据５个同工酶１７个多态性位点计算的遗传距离     

杂交籼稻稻米外观品质性状杂种优势及其与亲本间分子遗传距离的相关性

用 IR75589-31S、 IR60、 IR70 和选取的 90 个RILs和ILs进行不完全双列杂交,以获得的 270 个杂交组合为材料,对杂交稻米外观品质性状杂种优势表现及其与亲本间分子遗传距离的关系进行了研究。就杂交组合外观品质性状相对优势而言,除粒长宽比以外,其它外观品质性状的中亲优势都表现为正向组合个数大于负向。杂种稻米外观品质性状表现的差异因性状而异,以垩白度的变异系数最大,杂种米粒垩白度、粒长、粒宽和粒长宽比普遍介于双亲之间。SSR 分子标记遗传距离与杂种稻米外观品质相关性状杂种优势关系分析表明,亲本间的遗传距离在 0.2914 到 0.4205 之间,平均遗传距离为 0.3520;杂交亲本遗传距离与外观品质性状间的相关系数偏小,分别为-0.0307、0.1358和-0.1408,均未达到显著水平,外观品质性状杂种优势与亲本间的遗传差异大小无关。根据以上结果,本研究所筛选的SSR标记难以预测杂交稻外观品质性状杂种优势,利用DNA分子标记遗传距离来预测杂种优势的可能性还有待于进一步探讨。     

糯玉米淀粉RVA黏度性状配合力与杂种优势分析

蒸煮食味品质是评价鲜食糯玉米品种优劣的核心指标。为探究糯玉米蒸煮品质性状的配合力、杂种优势及与亲本遗传距离关系,本研究选用55个糯玉米自交系,采用NCⅡ设计组配的156个杂交组合,研究其快速黏度分析（RVA）特征谱配合力效应并结合单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记,分析遗传距离与杂种优势、配合力的相关性。结果表明,在被测自交系中,ZFF、XH55和NFHH一般配合力效应较高,利用其组配的杂交组合峰值黏度也普遍较高,说明利用这3个自交系组配杂交组合后代产生优势杂交种的潜力较大。相关性分析结果发现,SNP分子标记遗传距离与RVA黏度性状杂种优势显著相关,但相关系数普遍偏低（0.162～0.345）,说明遗传距离对糯玉米杂交组合RVA黏度性状的预测具有一定的价值,但遗传距离与F1黏度性状之间的相关程度不足以准确预测杂种优势。另外,亲本的总配合力和特殊配合力与杂种优势显著相关,决定系数也较高,变幅在-0.781～0.830和-0.662～0.786。结果表明,在预测糯玉米黏度性状的杂种优势时,不能只依靠遗传距离,还应重点考虑亲本的配合力。本研究为后续优质糯玉米品种选育提供了亲本以及杂交组配的理论依据...     

寒地野生大豆资源农艺性状的相关性和主成分分析

评价和筛选优异野生大豆农艺性状可为大豆育种提供种质资源.本研究对204份寒地野生大豆资源9个农艺性状进行主成分分析,结果表明:农艺性状变异系数的变幅为14.0％ ～71.4％,多样性指数的变幅为1.46～2.06;筛选出27份特异材料,有8份材料聚集了2个以上特异性状;单株粒重与其它的性状(无效荚数除外)之间均存在显著...     

特早熟甘蓝型春油菜产量相关性状的杂种优势分析

油菜是我国重要的油料作物,其中白菜型油菜在我国高海拔、高纬度春油菜区大面积种植,但其产量较低、品质差、育种难度大。为实现春油菜区的最重要育种目标,即培育出特早熟高产优质甘蓝型春油菜替代白菜型油菜,本研究对特早熟甘蓝型春油菜恢复系与不育系进行特异酶切位点扩增片段测序（SLAF-seq）,分析遗传族群关系,在每类按比例选取部分恢复系与不育系配制组合,分析杂种表现、杂种优势及杂优模式。结果表明,98份甘蓝型油菜被分为五类。其中,第四类中包含不育系,恢复系与不育系的遗传距离介于0.01～0.52,平均遗传距离为0.35;第五类群恢复系与不育系遗传距离最大,介于0.45～0.52之间;在小区产量前二十的组合中,不育系×第五类恢复系组合10个,产量最高组合为（64-1）×16D3（第五类）。结合杂种表现和杂种优势结果,说明以特早熟不育系×第五类恢复系组配杂交组合,后代中产生强优势杂交种的潜力较大。本研究为后续特早熟甘蓝型油菜杂交种选育提供了亲本选择的分子依据,可促进春油菜区特早熟杂交育种进程。     

雷州黄牛体尺性状的主成分分析

本文采用主成分分析的方法对雷州的黄牛的10个主要体尺性状指标进行统计分析，选择累计贡献率达93.089%的3个主成分进行分析，明确了雷州黄牛的体型特征，为今后雷州的选育工作提供参考。     

苦瓜主要经济性状配合力和遗传相关的研究

6个绿苦瓜自交系分成两组，按不完整双列杂交设计配制9个组合，对苦瓜第一雌花平均节位、雌花数、单果质量、果长、果径和果肉厚等6个经济性状的配合力和遗传相关进行了研究。结果表明：第1组亲本A1、A2和A3仅在果长、果径和果肉厚3个性状上一般配合力效应差异极显著，而第2组亲本B1、B2和B3在6个性状上一般配合力效应差异均极显著。9个组合间仅第一雌花平均节位与果长的特殊配合力效应差异极显著。第一雌花平均节位与雌花数，雌花数与果长，果径与果肉厚，单果质量与果长，第一雌花平均节位与果长。果长与果径，雌花数与单果质量，第一雌花平均节位与单果质量，上述诸项的遗传相关系数r分别为：-1．0．-0．97，0．90，0．82，0．80，-0．78，-0．75和0．73。果长和果径对单果质量的遗传直接通径系数分别为1．37和0．71。     

主成分分析法对土壤养分与小麦产量关系的研究

漂白湿润淋溶土,存在一障碍层次———白浆层,是山东省的主要低产土壤之一。小麦是该土壤上种植的重要粮食作物。影响小麦生长和产量的因素数量多,且相互关联[1～3]。对这类问题的统计分析,以往多使用回归分析和相关分析。这些方法往往事先指定待考察的因素,对其他因素则进行严格控制[3～6],如此得到的相互关系由于舍弃了某些因素以及固定了某些指定因素的作用而存在局限性。近年来在生物科学中应用较多的主成分分析方法为探索和阐明这类问题提供了手段[7～12]。植物生长需要养分的支持,不同养分对植物生长的影响不同;即使同一养分,在不同的…     

22个冬小麦品种主要农艺和品质性状遗传多样性分析

为了解甘肃天水地区育成冬小麦品种的遗传多样性,提高种质资源的利用效率,以22份冬小麦品种为试验材料,研究了其主要农艺性状与品质性状的变异情况、遗传多样性指数,并进行了主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,农艺性状中,穗粒数的变异系数最大(11.5%),千粒重的遗传多样性指数最高(1.75);品质性状中,沉降值的变异系数最大(31.3%),容重的遗传多样性指数最高(1.87)。说明供试材料的遗传多样性较丰富。8个性状的主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分的累计贡献率为82.636%,用类平均法(UPGMA)将22个品种聚为5类,其中第Ⅰ类群可作为提高品质的材料供育种选择,第Ⅴ类群可作为增产材料供育种选择。     

玉米自交系间遗传距离与杂种一代产量关系分析

以14个玉米自交系为材料,考察单株粒重等19个性状,用差异显著的17个性状,进行亲本表型性状直接标准化、主成份分析和剔除与粒重不显著的几个性状后的主成份分析等3种方法计算遗传距离,并用欧氏平方距离类平均法和欧氏距离最短距离法进行聚类,同时对不同方法得出的遗传距离(D2及D)与杂种F1代单株粒重及其特殊配合力,杂种优势间的关系作一元一次(二次)线性回归分析.几种方法所得的两种遗传距离(即D2、D)与单株粒重大小间的回归达到或接近0.05的显著水平.比较三种方法与杂种F1的关系,方法[较好,方法Ⅲ次之,方法Ⅱ最差.比较遗传距离与亲本间遗传系谱的差异,发现其与血缘、地理远缘等均无显著的相关性.     

苦瓜产量杂种优势与配合力研究

选用8个高世代绿苦瓜自交系,按Griffing完全双列杂交第2种方法设计试验,对苦瓜产量的杂种优势和配合力效应进行研究。结果表明:28个杂交组合有26个呈现正向离中优势,有23个呈现正向超亲优势,22个组合比对照增产;在8个试验亲本中,4个亲本的一般配合力效应为正向效应,另外4个为负向效应,亲本B的一般配合效应值极显著高于其它亲本;21个组合双亲间特殊配合力效应表现为正向效应,效应值最高的组合为E×H(2.15),其次是B×H(1.51)、D×H(1.28)、A×G(1.23)和C×G(1.05)。并对苦瓜丰产性育种的亲本选择选配进行了讨论。     

Genetic diversity analysis and character associations in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) based on agro-morphological and phytochemical traits

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is one of the important medicinal plants that used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study, 32 Iran endemic black cumin genotypes were evaluated through randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016 and 2017 growing seasons to determine the extent of genetic diversity and character associations for agro-morphological and phytochemical traits. Results showed the significant differences between genotypes for all traits studied. Clustering analysis using agro-morphological and phytochemical traits grouped genotypes into the two distinct groups. The values of percentage of essential oil and fatty oil content varied from 0.65 to 0.1.36% and 25.30% to 35.02% between genotypes, respectively. The highest seed yield and fatty oil yield obtained for Arak genotype. GC and GC/MS analyses of essential oil and fatty oil compositions of the Arak genotype revealed that p-cymene and linoleic acid were main components, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that shoot dry mass, days to ripening and seed length were the most important traits associated with seed yield, fatty oil yield and essential oil yield. Hence, these traits can be considered as important indicators for early selection for seed yield and quality in black cumin breeding programs.     

Characterisation of globally diverse blast-resistant upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasms based on morpho-physiological and yield attributes

Upland rice is a valuable base population for protecting against genetic erosion and broadening the gene pool of rice germplasms, and rice is also the staple food of more than 100 million people across the world. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to elucidate the performances of 27 globally diverse blast-resistant upland rice genotypes in terms of morphological, physiological and yield trait characteristics and to determine the correlations between and assess the diversity among these characteristics. All of the genotypes were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed 18 traits with significant to highly significant variations among themselves. The BRRI dhan42, BRRI dhan43, Ja Loy, C, Choke Tang and Chirikata 2 genotypes matured early, and the Chirikata 2, C, Choke Tang, BRRI dhan43 and Padi Beleong genotypes were best in terms of yield. The greatest heritability was recorded for the numbers of filled grains/panicle and the yield/plant, which demonstrated that these traits can be successfully transferred to the offspring if selection for these characteristics is performed in a hybridisation programme. The 27 genotypes were grouped into six clusters based on the contributing morphological, physiological and yield characteristics. The first four principal components accounted for 40, 59, 70 and 79% of the total variation, respectively, which indicated abundant genetic differences between these genotypes. The Chirikata 2, C, Choke Tang and BRRI dhan43 were selected as the best genotypes and could be used as valuable resources for high-yielding, early maturing, blast-resistant cultivars and parental sources for hybridisation programmes for challenging environments in the future.     

Assessment of genetic variation in a working collection of Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. by isozyme and RAPD analyses

Genetic variation based on isozyme and RAPD analyses was investigated in 47 and 34 accessions respectively of Vigna vexillata from different geographical origins and belonging to three botanical varieties. A total of 9 enzyme systems were studied, accounting for 14 putative loci, 8 of which were polymorphic. The analysis of genetic diversity revealed a low level of within accession variation (H_S=0.013), while between accession diversity (D_ST) was 0.120. Coefficient of gene differentiation (G_ST) was 0.905, indicating that most variation was among accessions. Nei's genetic distances were calculated on the basis of allelic frequencies and a UPGMA dendrogram was constructed. Twenty arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotides were used in RAPD analysis. Amplification profiles disclosed a higher level of polymorphism than isozymes. Based on amplification patterns, the similarity index of Jaccard was calculated and a dendrogram constructed on the basis of the similarity matrix. The final clustering based on RAPD data was similar to the one obtained using isozyme allelic frequencies. The classification in botanical varieties did not reflect the allelic constitution of the different samples. On the other hand, referring to geographical origin, most accessions from Africa and from Latin America were distributed respectively in two distinct clusters in the dendrogram. This grouping might also reflect the differences observed in the germination behaviour of V. vexillata from the two continents.     

接种含ACC脱氨酶的假单胞菌能部分缓解干旱胁迫对豌豆生长、产量及成熟的影响

Two preselected plant growth promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate （ACC）- deaminase （EC 4.1.99.4） were used to investigate their potential to ameliorate the effects of drought stress on growth, yield, and ripening of pea （Pisum sativum L.）. Inoculated and uninoculated （control） seeds of pea cultivar 2000 were sown in pots （four seeds pot-1） and placed in a wire house. The plants were exposed to drought stress at different stages of growth （vegetative, flowering, and pod formation） by skipping the respective irrigation. Results revealed that inoculation of peas with PGPR containing ACC-deaminase significantly decreased the ＂drought stress imposed effects＂ on the growth and yield of peas. Exposure of plants to drought stress at vegetative growth stage significantly decreased shoot growth by 41% in the case of uninoculated plants, whereas, by only 18% in the case of inoculated plants compared to nonstressed uninoculated control.
Grain yield was decreased when plants were exposed to drought stress at the flowering and pod formation stage, but inoculation resulted in better grain yield （up to 62% and 40% higher, respectively） than the respective uninoculated nonstressed control. Ripening of pods was also delayed in plants inoculated with PGPR, which may imply decreased endogenous ethylene production in inoculated plants. This premise is further supported by the observation that inoculation with PGPR reduced the intensity of classical ＂triple＂ response in etiolated pea seedlings, caused by externally applied ACC. It is very probable that the drought stress induced inhibitory effects of ethylene could be partially or completely eliminated by inoculation with PGPR containing ACC-deaminase.     

Effects of Foliar Boron Treatments on Yield and Yield Components of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.): Detection by PCA Analysis

ABSTRACT

In this study, effects of foliar boron treatments on yield and yield components of fenugreek plants were assessed with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA) analysis. Experiments were conducted over the experimental fields of Erciyes University Agricultural Research and Implementation Center during the summer growing seasons of the years 2017 and 2018. Gürarslan fenugreek variety was used as the plant material of the experiments. Four different foliar boron (H₃BO₃) doses (control, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg lt^?1) were applied to fenugreek plants. Plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, the first pod height, thousand-seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, and harvest index were measured. Variance analysis revealed that only the seed yield of 2017 was significant (p < .05) and the other parameters were not found to be significant (p > .05). PCA analysis was performed to classify and characterize boron doses based on yield and yield components of fenugreek plants. PC1 and PC2 explained about 82% in total variation in 2017 and about 83% in 2018. In both years of the experiments, the greatest biological and seed yields were obtained from 800 mg lt^?1 boron treatments. Therefore, 800 mg B lt^?1 was recommended to get high seed yield from fenugreek plants.     

低洼盐渍区滴灌不同土壤水基质势对土壤盐分及速生杨生长的影响

为探寻宁夏引黄低洼灌区植被快速构建模式,以速生杨为试验对象,设置-5,-10,-15,-20,-25kPa 5个滴灌土壤水基质势处理进行水盐调控试验。结果表明,低盐区呈椭圆状分布,且随灌水量增加而增大;基质势处理开始前强化淋洗阶段,盐分淋洗迅速,较初始值降低70.87%,单位脱盐灌溉水耗水率为41.7mm/(dS/m);基质势处理阶段,各处理整个土层盐分差异不显著,但0—40cm土层的ECe值和SAR有显著差异,且随基质势控制阈值的降低而线性增加。通过对速生杨树高、冠幅、株径、胸径及新稍生长量5个生长指标的主成分分析,发现-15kPa处理和-5kPa处理得分在均值以上,其余处理在均值以下。本着水资源高效利用的原则及盐分淋洗效果,确定-15kPa为本地区速生杨生态林构建的基质势控制阈值。     

Effect of Zn application on its uptake,distribution and concentration of Fe and Cu in finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]

Zinc (Zn) malnutrition can be alleviated by increasing the dietary Zn intake through Zn biofortification of edible crops. Agronomic and genetic biofortification has been suggested as better option to increase the dietary Zn. In this study, we show considerable genetic variability for seed Zn concentration in six leading finger millet genotypes. External application of Zn resulted in improved Zn concentration in different plant parts; in particular there was significant increase in seed Zn concentration in all genotypes. Though genotypes GPU28 and INDAF5 showed differences in root and shoot Zn at vegetative stage but at reproductive stage there was no significant difference. Apart from that, Zn application increased the seed iron (Fe) concentration with no or minimal effect on copper (Cu) concentration.     

A study of genetic diversity of sesame (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sesamum indicum</Emphasis> L.) in Vietnam and Cambodia estimated by RAPD markers

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a traditional oil crop cultivated throughout South East Asia. To estimate the genetic diversity of this crop in parts at the region, 22 sesame accessions collected in Vietnam and Cambodia were analyzed using 10 RAPD markers. The 10 primers generated 107 amplification products of which 88 were polymorphic fragments (83%). Genetic diversity of all populations was H_t = 0.34 when estimated by Nei’s genetic diversity and species diversity was H′_sp = 0.513 when estimated by Shannon diversity index. Genetic distance ranged from 0.03 to 0.43, with a mean genetic distance of 0.23. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis for the 22 accessions divided the material in four groups. The dendrogram revealed a clear division among the sesame accessions based on their geographical region. Interestingly, some geographically distant accessions clustered in the same group, which might indicate the human factor involved in the spreading of sesame varieties. The high level of polymorphism shown suggests that RAPD techniques can also be useful for the selection of parents in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) breeding program and for cultivar differentiation.