小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抑制基因

 小麦-簇毛麦6VS. 6AL 易位染色体含有抗白粉病基因Pm21,在我国的小麦育种中被广泛应用。近年来,一些含有Pm21 基因的小麦品种(系)开始感染白粉病。为探索含Pm21 的品种(系)感染白粉病的原因,本研究在6VS. 6AL 易位系与小麦品系(种)R14 和川农12 的杂交后代中利用分子标记CINAU17-1086 和CINAU18-723 辅助选择的遗传背景相对简单的F7 和F8 近等基因系为材料,研究了小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抗病性表达。结果发现,在3 个含有6VS. 6AL 易位染色体的感病F6 植株繁殖的F7 近等基因系中发生了白粉病抗性的分离,分离比率符合13 感病︰ 3 抗病的理论值。在随机选取的F7 感病小麦单株所繁殖的F8 近等基因系中,有7 / 13 的株系一致地重感白粉病,有6 / 13 的株系发生了抗白粉病的分离,其中2 / 13 的株系分离比符合3 感病︰ 1 抗病、4 / 13 的株系分离比符合13 感病︰ 3 抗病的分离模式。这一结果指出,小麦株系中的抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抗性表达受小麦基因组中的一对显性抑制基因所控制,该基因来源于小麦品种(系)川农12或R14,建议命名为SuPm21。本研究指出,在把外源基因引入小麦的研究中,有利的外源基因与不含抑制基因的受体遗传资源同等重要。     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm6的微卫星标记鉴定

 Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a prevalent disease worldwide. Breeding and planting resistance cultivars have been proved effective and environmental friendly for control of the disease. To develop easily used PCR-based markers in marker assisted selection (MAS) for Pm6, a dominant powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat, 25 microsatellite markers on chromosome 2BL in wheat were screened between susceptible parent Yumai13 and resistance parent Timgalen carrying Pm6. F₂ population derived from Yumai13 and Timgalen was further analyzed by the marker Xgwm501. The results indicated that Xgwm501 was a co-dominant marker linked to Pm6 gene at a distance of 14.8 cM. 29 Pm-carrying varieties were tested by the marker Xgwm501 and only those carrying Pm6 showed 117 bp resistance specific band. This marker is proved to have high practicability and can be used in MAS of Pm6 gene in wheat breeding programs.     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm2的SSR标记筛选

为筛选与小麦抗白粉病基因Pm2紧密连锁的分子标记,将感病品种Chancellor与Pm2的近等基因系杂交,获得F1、F2分离群体,采用分离群体分组法对Pm2进行了微卫星(microsatellite,又称simple sequence repeats,SSR)标记分析.结果表明,定位于小麦5D染色体上的71对SSR引物中有12对引物能在Pm2的近等基因系、Chancellor间稳定地揭示出多态性差异,7对引物Xcfd189、Xcfd29、Xcfd8、Xcfd102、Xcfd7、Xcfd57和Xgwm190分别能在抗病、感病池间和F2分离群体的抗病、感病单株间稳定地扩增出特异性产物.7对引物所扩增的特异谱带分别为:Xcfd189360、Xcfd29190、Xcfd8160、Xcfd102250、Xcfd7200、Xcfd57245和Xgwm190210,它们与Pm2基因间的遗传距离分别为0、1.5、2.3、5.4、10.2、31.5和54.3 cM,其中标记Xcfd189360与Pm2共分离,标记Xcfd29190、Xcfd8160和Xcfd102250与Pm2紧密连锁,可用于Pm2的标记辅助选择.     

小麦抗白粉病品种的基因分析与归类研究

 研究出用抗谱及抗谱的近似,分析小麦抗白粉病品种的基因与归类的方法,测试了152个小麦抗白粉病品种,归类出15个类群,共120个品种,分析了类群主效抗病基因,并根据测试结果分析提出,为聚合主效抗病基因,进行复合杂交,在选取抗病亲本对上,要掌握毒性频率低,抗谱上互补,抗病基因非等位三项基本原则,才能取得预期成效。抗谱、近似分析法快速,准确,能同时测量大量品种、获得较多可靠信息,适用于基因对基因专化性病害抗病品种的基因分析与归类。     

分子标记辅助鉴定小麦抗白粉病品种(系)所含Pm基因

 借助与Pm2及Pm4紧密连锁的RFL P标记,对南京农业大学细胞遗传所与江苏省里下河地区农科所合作育成的抗白粉病小麦新品系及其它单位育成或引自国外但所含具体Pm基因尚有异议的抗病品种进行了分析。结果表明,本所与江苏省里下河地区农科所合作育成的抗病新品系及江苏省农科院育成的白粉病抗源材料中所含具体Pm基因与按系谱推导及对白粉病菌抗谱分析的结果相一致。而据单体分析认定为"Pm2x"和"KG"(6A)的白免3号和肯贵阿1号和按侵染型推导为含Pm2+6的"郑州831",在本研究中发现这3个材料所含主效抗病基因均为Pm4,而无Pm2,此结果与分菌系、分小种抗谱鉴定结果相符。另外,RFLP分析还证明了2个引自国外且抗病性已降低的Pm6鉴别寄主Timgalen和CI12632/8Cc所携带Pm6基因已丢失。     

陕西省小麦抗白粉病基因及新育成小麦品种(系)抗白粉病分析

为明确已知小麦抗白粉病基因载体品种以及2005—2007年陕西省新育成小麦品种(系)的抗病性,采集陕西关中不同地区小麦白粉病菌作为菌源,分年度在人工诱发病圃中对32份已知抗白粉病基因品种及578份新育成小麦品种(系)进行鉴定。结果表明,目前在陕西省仅Pm21、Pm4a、Pm5 6、Pm2 Talent及小黑麦具有优良的抗病性;Pm4b、Pm5(Mli)、Pm13、Pm19、Pm"Era"、Pm2 Mld的抗病性较弱;其它基因抗病性较差。新育成的小麦品种(系)中绝大部分对白粉病表现感病,苗期和成株期均抗病的材料仅27份,占4.67%,成株期抗病性的46份,占7.96%,其中,簇毛麦后代材料抗病性较高。     

25份北欧小麦抗白粉性评价及抗白粉病基因标记鉴定

采用苗期人工接菌的方法鉴定了25份北欧小麦对河南省7个不同地区小麦白粉病菌分离物的抗性,同时利用与已知抗白粉病基因Pm2、Pm3f、Pm4、Pm6、Pm13、Pm16、Pm21和Pm24连锁的分子标记对其中抗性优良的材料进行基因检测。结果表明,8份材料对所有接种的白粉病菌菌株表现高抗或免疫;其中NGB7476和NGB7809携带Pm4a和Pm16基因, NGB7481和NGB9954携带Pm6和Pm16基因,NGB9955和NGB9956同时携带Pm4a、Pm6和Pm16基因,8份材料均不携带Pm2、Pm3f、Pm4b、Pm13、Pm21 和Pm24基因。     

小麦品种抗白粉病遗传研究续报

 小麦品种的抗白粉病遗传研究是抗病育种的一项基础工怍。国内外的研究表明:小麦品种抗白粉病遗传较为复杂,其原因可能由于亲本组合、菌种来源以及记载分析等的不同而异。     

三个小麦新品系抗白粉病基因分析

 用4个具有不同毒力的小麦白粉菌生理小种,分别接种5个小麦品种(系)半双列杂交的F₁、F₂和BC₁F₁群体的幼苗离体叶段,初步鉴定出野二燕3号具有1对抗1号和11号小种的显性抗病基因;JYP-2具有2对独立的显性抗病基因,其中1对基因抗1、11和311号小种,另1对基因只抗1和11号小种;贵农21号具有2对显性抗病基因,其中1对抗311和313号小种,另1对只抗1和11号小种,这对基因与JYP-2具有的抗1和11号小种的基因是相同的。3个小麦新品系共鉴定出4对不同的抗病基因。本文还讨论了采用幼苗离体叶段接种,同一批单株接种2个以上小种,定单株编号,记载和统计的方法,在抗白粉病基因分析中的作用。     

A major gene for powdery mildew resistance transferred to common wheat from wild einkorn wheat

ABSTRACT A major gene for resistance to wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici = Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) has been successfully transferred into hexaploid common wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) from wild einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides, 2n = 2x = 14, AA). NC96BGTA5 is a germ plasm line with the pedigree Saluda x 3/PI427662. The response patterns for powdery mildew resistance in NC96BGTA5 were tested with 30 differential isolates of B. graminis f. sp. tritici, and the line was resistant to all tested isolates. The analyses of P(1), P(2), F(1), F(2), and BC(1)F(1) populations derived from NC96BGTA5 revealed two genes for wheat powdery mildew resistance in the NC96BGTA5 line. One gene, Pm3a, was from its recurrent parent Saluda, and the second was a new gene introgressed from wild einkorn wheat. The gene was determined to be different from Pm1 to Pm21 by gene-for-gene and pedigree analyses. The new gene was identified as linked to the Pm3a gene based on the F(2) and BC(1)F(1) populations derived from a cross between NC96BGTA5 and a susceptible cultivar NK-Coker 68-15, and the data indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 1A. It is proposed that this new gene be designated Pm25 for wheat powdery mildew resistance in NC96BGTA5. Three random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, OPX06(1050), OPAG04(950), and OPAI14(600), were found to be linked to this new gene.     

Molecular characterization of a powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat cultivar suwon 92

ABSTRACT Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Pyramiding race-specific genes into a single cultivar and combining race-specific resistance genes with durable resistance genes are the preferred strategies to improve the durability of powdery mildew resistance. The objectives of this study were to characterize a powdery mildew resistance gene in Suwon 92 and identify gene-specific or tightly linked molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS). A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single seed descent from a cross between Suwon 92 and a susceptible cultivar, CI 13227. The RILs were screened for adult-plant infection type of powdery mildew and characterized with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The linked markers explained 41.3 to 69.2% of the phenotypic variances measured in 2 years. A morphological marker, hairy glume, was also associated with powdery mildew resistance in Suwon 92, and explained 43 to 51% of the phenotypic variance. The powdery mildew resistance gene in Suwon 92 was located on the short arm of chromosome 1A where Pm3 was located. Two gene-specific markers were developed based on the sequence of the cloned Pm3b gene. These two markers, which were mapped at the same locus in the peak region of the LOD score for the RIL population, explained most of the phenotypic variance for powdery mildew resistance in the RIL population. The powdery mildew resistance in Suwon 92 is most likely conditioned by the Pm3 locus. The gene markers developed herein can be directly used for MAS of some of the Pm3 alleles in breeding programs.     

小麦新品系抗白粉病基因分析

 本文对6个小麦新品系所含的抗白粉病基因进行了遗传分析。将感病品种Liaochun10分别与SM 20121、SM 203390、SM 20125、SM 200332、SM 20126、SM 20005杂交和自交,并将这6个品系互配成半双列杂交组合。用小麦白粉菌15号小种的单孢堆菌系对各杂交组合的亲本、F₁、F₂代群体及F₃代家系进行了苗期抗病性鉴定。遗传分析表明,供试的6个品系对小麦白粉菌15号小种的抗性均由1对显性基因控制。等位性分析推断:SM 20121、SM 203390、SM 20125和SM 200332含有抗白粉病基因Pm12;SM 20126含有抗白粉病基因Pm21;SM 20005含有抗白粉病基因Pm16。建议将这6个品系作为优良抗病亲本利用。     

云南蔷薇属部分种质资源对白粉病的抗性鉴定

对14个云南蔷薇属种质资源（包括7个栽培品种和7个野生种）进行白粉病抗性的离体鉴定和田间鉴定,其中免疫品种（种）2个,中抗品种（种）8个,中感品种1个,高感品种（种）3个。白粉病离体鉴定与田间鉴定两种方法的抗性评价结果完全一致,表明该方法可作为白粉病抗性快速鉴定的方法。     

Field assessment of resistance to powdery mildew in mature wheat plants

Rankit transformation of mildew scores was used in regression analyses to compare the times and methods of scoring resistance. This showed that time and method of assessment significantly altered the relative rank positions of different cultivars. Examination of 10 cultivars in detail showed that changes in rank were associated with differences in organ resistance.
Whole plot assessments based on a 0–9 scale provided a rapid and reliable means of ranking cultivars. Where possible, and particularly for breeders, at least two assessments are recommended, the first at or soon after flowering to estimate foliar infection, and the second 2 or 3 weeks later to estimate ear infection. For general comparisons of cultivars, sufficient information may be acquired from a single assessment when all plant organs are present and when the disease has had time to become well established.     

50个小麦生产及后备品种(系)的抗白粉病基因推导

为明确我国小麦品种(系)中抗白粉病基因的组成,利用25个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对50个小麦生产及后备品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导,结果表明,参试的50个小麦品种(系)中有8个小麦品种(系)对供试的25个菌株全部感病,5个品种含有抗病基因Pm8,2个品种含有Pm4a,9个品种含有Pm2+6,4个品种含有Pm2,22个品种(系)可能含有供试基因之外的其他抗性基因或新基因。此研究结果可为小麦抗病育种以及品种利用提供依据。     

小麦农家种红蚰麦抗白粉病遗传分析及SSR分子标记

 为明确小麦农家种红蚰麦抗白粉病的遗传基础,对红蚰麦和豫麦13的杂交F₂代群体进行了遗传分析,结果表明红蚰麦携带1对显性的抗白粉病基因(暂命名为Pmhym)。利用SSR标记和F₂代分离群体分组分析法,将该基因定位在7B染色体的长臂上,与3个微卫星标记Xwmc232、Xgwm577和Xwmc526连锁,遗传距离分别是14.3、25.6和57.2cM。分子标记分析表明该基因不同于已有被定位在7BL上的Pm5系列复等位基因,因而推测Pmhym是1个新的抗白粉病基因。上述结果将为开展Pmhym基因的精细定位奠定基础。     

甘肃小麦白粉病抗源材料的筛选及抗病基因库的组建

2002-2005年,对收集到的30份已知抗白粉病基因载体品种在甘肃省的不同生态区进行了抗病性监测,结果表明:Pm1、Pm3 a、Pm3 b、Pm3 c、Pm3 f、Pm4 a、Pm5、Pm6、Pm7、Pm8、Pm17在田间抗病性丧失,失去利用价值;Pm2、Pm19、Pm4+8、Pm4、Pm5+6、Pm13在田间抗病性较低,不宜单独作为亲本利用;Pm1+2+9、Pm2+6、Pm2+mld、Pm2+talent、Pm4+2 x、Pm4 b、Pm4 b+5、Pm20、Pm21、Pmxbd在田间抗性表现良好,在今后的育种工作中应充分加以利用。同时经过4年抗病性监测,从省内外2 638份小麦品种(系)材料中筛选出了抗病性强、综合农艺性状优良的92R137、贵农21等优异材料10余份,初步组建了抗白粉病基因库。文中还对抗病基因现状和利用及今后如何避免由于抗源单一化带来的白粉病流行进行了初步探讨。