普及红麻留种技术 生产优质红麻种子

在伟大领袖和导师毛主席的革命路线指引下,近年来,广西玉林县广大干部、群众,认真贯彻落实“以粮为纲,全面发展”的方针,积极发展红麻生产,全面普及红麻留种技术,采取大田留种和扦梢留种同时并举的措施,每年生产六、七十万     

普及红麻留种技术 生产优质红麻种子

在伟大领袖和导师毛主席的革命路线指引下，近年来，广西玉林县广大干部、群众，认真贯彻落实“以粮为纲，全面发展”的方针，积极发展红麻生产，全面普及红麻留种技术，采取大田留种和扦梢留种同时并举的措施，每年生产六、七十万斤优质红麻种子，支援北方红麻生产。做法是：     

为什么秋植花生作种好?

我国南方各省花生产区贫下中农历来有用秋植花生作春植种子的习惯。群众俗称“翻秋留种”,生产实践证明:采用秋植花生作春植种子,出苗快,出苗率高,(一般秋植留种的出苗率比春植留种的出苗率高20％—30％,单产提高30％左右)是保证来年春植花生全苗,提高单产的有效措施。     

不同留种方法对防治马铃薯青枯病的试验

用“新芋4号”和“761—8”两个品种,采取春、秋两种不同方法留种的种薯,同一天春播在同一块地里,结果用春薯留种的“新芋4号”青枯病株率为零,亩产3694.1斤;同一品种用秋薯留种的青枯病株率为11.9％,亩产只1841.2斤。“761—8”用春薯留种的青枯病株率为1.7％,亩产2770.6斤;而用秋薯留种的青枯病株率为16.2％,亩产1182.4斤。青     

辽北地区马铃薯夏播留种的四个技术问题

辽北地区马铃薯夏播留种比春播留种可增产30 %～ 5 0 % ,并且延缓了退化 ,延长了种薯利用年限 ,是当地多年行之有效的留种措施。有的农民不掌握技术措施 ,效果很差。因此夏播留种必须强调下面四个技术问题 :1　种薯选择夏播留种的种薯必须是健康的无毒或少毒的 ,而且是连续夏播留种。即是在当年产的夏播种中选出最好的留作来年夏播用种 ,在田间选优秀株 ,收后再选薯。如果把春播已退化的小薯留作夏播用种 ,是绝对减产的。最好是脱毒 1代做第一次夏播留种 ,以后再汰劣选优连续夏播 ,或者是用杂交实生薯一代做第一次夏播用种。2　播种日期播种…     

马铃薯夏播种薯安全度夏贮藏技术研究

马铃薯夏播留种是防止马铃薯的有效措施,夏播在风城市区已有３０多年的历史,而夏播留种的关键技术是种薯的安全度夏。通过对“半地下种薯冷贮库”、“柞蚕半地下保种库”、“小土冷窖”、“土冰窖”、“冷凉处散藏法”５种贮藏技术的试验和比较鉴定,以“半地下种薯冷贮库”、“柞蚕半地下保种库”、“小土冷窖”贮藏种薯效果较为理想,每年的４～６月份的库（窖）温都能够控制在５℃以内,出库时种薯发芽率和腐烂率均不超过１％,     

棉花留种“八不要”

棉花留种应该注意什么？据实践证明,在选留种时,一定要注意以下“八不要”和“五要”： 1.不要选病虫害严重的棉株枯、黄萎病是制约棉花产量的顽症,棉籽又是病菌的载体,病菌可以随着棉籽迅速传播。因此,对感枯、黄萎病的棉株和抗虫性不好的棉株一定要淘汰（而在重病地表现良好的棉株则可以留种）。     

黄麻夏播留种研究

本文报道了1979～1983年黄麻夏播留种的研究结果。试验采用优良品种“179”和梅峰4号,在莆田以南地区7月15日以前播种,“179”平均每亩收种子81斤,麻皮547斤;梅峰4号收种子63斤,麻皮568斤。黄麻夏播留种技术上是可行的,经济上是合算的。文中对夏播留种的栽培技术特点也作了简单     

黄麻粤圆5号、179浙南留一代种的种性比较

栽培迟熟品种,是提高黄麻产量的重要措施。然而,我省主产麻区的迟熟品种往往留不到成熟种子。早在1963年,我省为解决迟熟品种留种问题,曾于温州瑞安飞云江农场进行”浙南留种”试验。到目前止,前后已进行17年。为明确浙南留     

黄麻粤圆5号、179浙南留一代种的种性比较

栽培迟熟品种，是提高黄麻产量的重要措施。然而，我省主产麻区的迟熟品种往往留不到成熟种子。早在1963年，我省为解决迟熟品种留种问题，曾于温州瑞安飞云江农场进行”浙南留种”试验。到目前止，前后已进行17年。为明确浙南留种的利用价值，1980—1983年对浙南留的粤圆5号、179黄麻种子，在钱塘江两岸进行了多点比较试验。     

晋西南山区马铃薯品种比较试验

为了适应晋西南山区马铃薯产业发展中不同区域、不同种植模式对种薯的不同要求,2010年对引进的12个马铃薯品种进行品种比较试验。从各参试品种的生育期、农艺性状、丰产性、抗病性等方面进行分析比较,筛选出了中熟品种中薯9号,早熟品种费乌瑞它、中薯5号3个优良品种在该区域推广。     

The potential for production of high quality seed potatoes in Tierra del Fuego Island, Argentina

Summary In Argentina, different areas are suitable for seed potato production: however, each has particular problems, mainly related to different pest and diseases. Tierra del Fuego Island is well isolated from traditional potato growing areas. Therefore, it was tested for its potential for seed production. The cultivars Achatt. Mailén INTA. Pampeana INTA and Spunta were grown in Río Grande, San Pablo and Ushuaia from 1991–1994. Nematode presence and aphid population dynamics were recorded. Average tuber yield ranged from 20.1–37.6 t ha⁻¹. After three years PVY and PLRV remained low (0–1% for different cultivars and locations). Moreover, seed tubers obtained were physiologically young. Long days, early frosts and strong winds may limit tuber yield in some years. The island can be considered as an ecological “safe haven” and is very suitable to obtain healthy and physiologically adequate seed potatoes.     

春大豆种子劣变的研究

用不同地理来源的９个春大豆品种，进行了两年春，秋两季播种，及播期与收获时期试验，研究种子劣变过程及其影响因素。结果显示：春大豆种子的劣变，收获前劣变起主导作用，高温高湿气候影响种子发育则为主要原因。收获前种子劣变并非真菌感染所致。播季间，播期间及收获时间不同，种子劣变差异显著，春播提早播种及秋播是获得高活力种子的途径。收获后种子劣变与贮藏条件有关，高温高湿加速劣变。干燥，密闭贮藏能减轻种子劣变速度，短期贮藏（９个月以内）减轻效果不显著，随贮藏时间延长（１２个月以上）则干燥贮藏显著减缓种子劣变。本文同时对种子劣变过程与生产高质量种子以及抗性遗传育种作了探讨。     

Breeding Differently: Participatory Selection and Scaling Up Innovations in Colombia

Global challenges like sustainable development, climate change, malnutrition and gender inequality can be tackled from an agricultural perspective. Micronutrient deficiency is a major problem for the health and food security of the population. In Colombia, iron deficiencies affect 32% of the children under the age of five; and 43% of the Colombian population have zinc and vitamin A deficiencies. We designed and implemented a research-for-development programme that links agriculture and nutrition through a two-stage project. In the first stage, we selected three new yellow potato cultivars with better nutritional contents, higher yield and better resistance to late blight than the traditional yellow cultivars. We characterized the Colombian germplasm, Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja, for its nutritional attributes. During this stage, studies of the social and nutritional status of the communities were also conducted. In the second stage, we focused on scaling up new potato cultivars to reach potato producers and consumers by promoting the production and marketing of good quality seed potatoes, by establishing four Rural Entrepreneurs Nuclei. The programme promotes gender equity, good dietary habits, the consumption of more nutritious potatoes and empowers local leadership to strengthen governance. Field work was conducted in southern and central regions of Colombia by employing social strategies such as the Family Farming Community Schools. In 50% of the cultivated area, we are replacing the originally used traditional yellow potatoes by the new, more nutritious, potatoes to reach 6 million consumers. A good quality seed system for small-scale potato growers has been implemented. These achievements have been reached through a comprehensive approach in a period of two years.     

湖南春大豆高产综合技术研究及其利用开发

本研究以优良品种为材料,采用五元二次正交回归旋转组合设计,通过田间测定参数,对密度(X_1)和氮(X_2)、磷(X_3)、钾(X_4)、硼(X_5)施用量与产量的关系,以及双因素互作的产量效应进行了探讨,研究结果表明:(1)湖南近年育成的春大豆新品种均具有亩产180～230kg的生产潜力;(2)大豆最佳种植密度因品种特性和土壤肥力的不同而有较大差异,一般为2.4～3.6万株;(3)不论稻田或旱土施用氮肥均有明显的增产效果,施用量为每亩5.0～20.0kg;(4)施用磷、钾、硼肥均有一定增产作用,每亩用量分别为过磷酸钙25.0～50.0kg、氯化钾7.5～22.5kg、硼砂0.4～0.8kg;(5)提出了以优良品种为中心的高产综合农艺模式,经大面积示范、推广、高产综合农艺模式亩产130.2～180.0kg,比对照(常规栽培)增产22.78％～73.1％。     

Growing seed potatoes in the Sinai Desert

Summary Seed potatoes grown during winter in the Sinai Desert (Sharm el Sheik) yielded in autumn significantly more (17%) than commercial seed grown in spring. Seeds grown in winter in an agricultural area at Yotvata yielded similarly to the commercial controls. Almost no spread of PVY or PLRV was found at Sharm probably because of the very low alate population there, whereas at Yotvata the incidence of PLRV was over 40% probably as a consequence of a high aphid populations during the growing season. Alate populations were also observed in the Sinai Desert at A-tur, a completely arid area, and at Firan, an isolated oasis where agriculture is practised. At A-tur only a few alatae were trapped, but large numbers were found at Firan, especially starting in March, but not during winter the proposed season for growing seed potatoes. The possibility of growing high quality seed potatoes at Sharm is discussed. Contribution No 107, 1980 series, Volcani Center.     

黑龙江省马铃薯种植区划的研究

黑龙江省是我国主要的马铃薯产区,也是国家种薯和商品薯生产的重要基地之一。合理的种植区划与生产布局对发展我省的马铃薯生产,提高种薯和商品薯的质量是非常必要的。黑龙江省地域辽阔,各地所处地理位置、地势地貌、土壤与气候等适生条件的不同,以及社会经济条件综合因素的作用,都影响着马铃薯的分布和生产。依据马铃薯的生物学特性的要求和各地自然条件的分异规律以及社会经济条件等因素,把我省马铃薯的种植划分为北部最适宜区、南部适宜区、西部次适宜区和东部次适宜区。     

1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene treatment of seed potatoes affects tuber size distribution

1,4-DMN is a relatively new sprout inhibitor for use on maincrop and seed potatoes. Despite its registration as a “dormancy enhancer” for seed, relatively little is known about its effects on plant establishment and productivity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 1,4-DMN on the productivity of seed potatoes. ‘Umatilla Russet’ (UR), ‘Ranger Russet’ (RR), and ‘Russet Burbank’ (RB) seed tubers were stored at 4, 7, and 9 C over three seasons to create 80-, 554- and 642-degree-day seed, and 1,4-DMN was applied to maintain dormancy several times during each season. 1,4-DMN residue levels at the end of storage were lower in seed aged at higher temperatures. Multiple applications of 1,4-DMN at higher-than-label rates were necessary to effectively inhibit sprouting of seed of all cultivars stored above 4 C. In field trials, depending on cultivar and year, 1,4-DMN either delayed plant emergence slightly or had no effect. 1,4-DMN increased stem numbers from RB and UR seed, but not from RR seed. 1,4-DMN reduced total tuber yields by 3.2 to 5.6 t ha^?1 (5% to 9%), and U.S. No. 1 tuber yields by 4.8 to 7.8 t ha^?1 (8% to 15%) in all cultivars, regardless of seed tuber age. 1,4-DMN also reduced the average tuber weight for all three cultivars and shifted the size distribution from larger (> 284 g) to smaller tubers. 1,4-DMN reduced the respective yields of > 397-g, 340-to 397-g, and 284-to 340-g tubers by 43%, 19%, and 18% for RR seed, 31%, 14%, and 11% for RB seed, and 40%, 47%, and 27% for UR seed. Conversely, depending on cultivar, yields of smaller tubers (≤170 g) were 11% to 38% higher from 1,4-DMN-treated seed. The shift in tuber size distribution for RR was accompanied by a 1,4-DMN-induced increase in tuber number per plant and per hectare. However, no such effects on tuber set occurred in RB and UR. Moreover, in most cases, the 1,4-DMN effects on yield and tuber size distribution were independent of seed age. Since the 1,4-DMN-induced shifts in tuber size distribution were greater than the reductions in total and U.S. No. 1 yields, 1,4-DMN may be a suitable treatment to reduce average tuber size and increase yield and uniformity of specific size classes of tubers to more closely match market requirements.     

河北省一季作区马铃薯病虫害发生及综合防控

河北省一季作区马铃薯主要病虫害有晚疫病、早疫病、黑痣病和二十八星瓢虫,此外,病毒引起的品种退化比较普遍,造成不同程度的损失。本文根据河北省一季作区马铃薯病虫害发生特点总结出一套综合防控技术体系,包括将马铃薯与玉米、大白菜等非茄科作物轮作3年减轻黑痣病危害;采用脱毒薯克服病毒引起的品种退化问题;种薯和(或)土壤消毒控制黑痣病和晚疫病;待马铃薯生长至封垄后,遇到适宜晚疫病发生的天气,喷施1～3次保护性杀菌剂预防晚疫病和早疫病;一旦监测到晚疫病中心病株后即拔除并装入塑料袋带出田外,并交替喷施有治疗效果、能兼治早疫病且作用机制不同的内吸性杀菌剂及混剂;田间出现马铃薯二十八星瓢虫成虫,在杀菌剂中混入高效氯氰菊酯或高效氯氟氰菊酯等高效杀虫剂防虫;马铃薯成熟前1～2周将地上部分割掉并运出田外后收获块茎。     

Manipulating Stem Number, Tuber Set and Size Distribution in Specialty Potato Cultivars

Manipulating seed physiological age is an effective method to alter tuber set and size distribution for many cultivars. However, cultivars Cal White, Red La Soda, Chieftain, Yukon Gold, and Satina were largely insensitive to high temperature-induced age-priming treatments. Gibberellins (GA) also have potential for altering tuber set and size development. When applied to cut seed of the five cultivars, GA hastened plant emergence, increased stem and tuber numbers per plant, and decreased average tuber size. The optimum concentration of GA for shifting tuber size distribution to maximize crop value without decreasing total yield depended on cultivar. Total yields decreased substantially in all cultivars with 10 mg L^?1 GA but lower concentrations (0.5–4 mg L^?1) either increased yields of Red La Soda, Yukon Gold, Chieftain and Satina by 11, 13, 15, and 24 %, respectively, or had no effect (Cal White). GA-induced increases in tubers per hectare ranged from zero (Cal White, Satina) to 36 % (Chieftain) and associated increases in yields of premium priced creamer size potatoes (C size; 10–66 g, 28–51 mm diameter) ranged from 0 to 140 %, depending on cultivar and length of the growing season. Increases in total crop values ranged from 7 to 30 % (Chieftain) with the optimum concentrations of GA, which also varied by cultivar. Effective use of GA to alter tuber size distribution for increased value depends on cultivar, concentration, and harvest timing.