白洋淀柱状沉积物磷形态及其分布特征研究

应用淡水沉积物磷形态的标准测试方法（SMT）,调查了白洋淀6个典型湖区柱状沉积物中的磷形态分布、垂向及在两种沉积物粒级（砂土和粉砂/粘土）上的变化特征,分析了各形态磷之间的相关性。结果表明,白洋淀各湖区柱状沉积物总磷（TP）的平均含量为531~1223mg.kg-1DW,无机磷（IP）是白洋淀沉积物中磷的主要成分,占TP的72~83。湖区水体的污染及富营养化程度影响着生物可利用的铁/铝结合态磷（Fe/Al-P）在白洋淀不同湖区沉积物中的分布,从各形态磷含量和百分含量的变化幅度来看,均是Fe/Al-P〉有机磷（OP）〉钙结合态磷（Ca-P）。在垂向分布和两种粒级沉积物颗粒上,白洋淀沉积物各形态磷都有一定的变化规律,但不同磷形态的变化趋势不同,差异性也不一致。各形态磷相关性分析表明,在平均含量、垂向及粒级分布上,IP和Ca-P之间呈较好相关性,说明稳定的Ca-P是IP的主体;而在平均含量和垂向分布上,TP与IP和Ca-P之间都存在着较好的相关性,说明沉积物中TP的含量主要来自IP中的Ca-P。研究结果对于探讨白洋淀水污染沉积历史及内源磷释放对水体富营养化的贡献具有重要意义。     

Phosphorus Retention Mechanisms in the Sediment of an Eutrophic Mining Lake

A small, highly eutrophic mining lake (Golpa IV) in eastern Germany with a continuous input of nutrients and metals was used to study the mechanisms of phosphorus (P) fixation in the sediment. The sediment (0-15 cm) is characterised by high contents of iron (96 mg g-1 DW), aluminium (37.3 mg g-1 DW) and sulphur (54.3 mg g-1 DW) and an extreme accumulation of some trace metals. Despite oxygen free conditions in the hypolimnion and intensive sulphate reduction in the sediment, high P retention rates could be calculated from dated sediment cores (1986-1995: 11 g P m-2 a-1). The lake has shown a rapid response to reduction of P loading. In some sediment layers unusually high total sediment P concentrations with more than 24 mg P g-1 DW were observed. More than 80% of total sediment P was bound in the BD-SRP and NaOH-SRP fractions (extraction scheme according to Psenner et al., 1984) which indicates that a substantial portion of deposited P is immobilised in an Fe or Al bound form. This corresponds well with the presence of oxidised Fe species at all sediment depths. Furthermore thermodynamic calculations indicate that vivianite precipitation is favourable in deeper anoxic sediment layers. The inventory or input of Fe or Al seems to be more important for the permanent P immobilisation in the sediment of the investigated mining lake than redox forced mobilisation processes (e.g. iron or sulphate reduction).     

Phosphorus Fractions Transformation in Sediments Before and After Cyanobacterial Bloom: Implications for Reduction of Eutrophication Symptoms in Dam Reservoir

In order to observe the spatial phosphorus (P) fractions transformations in sediments in relation to bacterial abundance and enzyme hydrolysing organic P-alkaline phosphatase (APA), samples from 35 stations from eutrophic Sulejow Reservoir were taken in spring after flood and in summer after cyanobacterial bloom breakdown. The results show pronounced fluctuations: decrease of average total P in sediments, despite organic matter delivery after cyanobacterial bloom, in parallel with increase of labile P (8.3%) and Ca-bounded P (16.6%) fractions and decline of organic P fraction (28.5%). Higher alkaline activity in sediments in the spring delivered nutrients to water column and supported cyanobacterial bloom development during the summer. Positive correlation between APA and organic P (r?=?0.37, p?<?0.01, n?=?70) and negative with labile inorganic P (r?=??0.44, p?<?0.01, n?=?70) in sediments proved significant role of the APA in phosphorus transformation in sediments and internal loading in the reservoir. During summer, APA was significantly related to bacterial number (r?=?0.36, p?<?0.01, n?=?35) and bacterial abundance was correlated to organic matter content (r?=?0.36, p?<?0.01, n?=?35). Such pattern of temporal variations of P transformation in sediments indicates order of solutions for enhancement of recultivation effects of eutrophic dam reservoirs: (1) reduction of organic matter supply in spring and (2) sediment inactivation during summer.     

Surface-water Acidification and Reproducibility of Sediment Cores from Kejimkujik Lake, Nova Scotia, Canada

A total of nine sediment cores were collected from the five deep basins of Kejimkujik Lake, located in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada, in order to track changes related to surface-water acidification and to test reproducibility of results between sediment cores from different basins in a large lake. Present-day and pre-industrial (c. 1850) samples were analyzed from all cores and detailed diatom profiles were undertaken on three cores to determine the timing of acidification. All three detailed diatom profiles show declines in inferred pH starting in the early 1930–1940s. Since the 1940s, diatom-inferred lakewater pH has declined from a background pH of ～5.8 (± 0.4) to a current diatom-inferred pH of ～4.9 (± 0.1). This corresponds to the current (2001–2002) range of measured lakewater pH?=?4.7–5.2 with a mean pH?=?4.9. Species diversity of diatoms also declines markedly in all cores with the Hill’s N2 index decreasing from ～5 to near 1. The pre-impact diatom assemblages were dominated by Aulacoseira spp. and have since changed to dominance by Asterionella ralfsii var. americana (>45 μm). All nine sediment cores showed similar changes in diatom assemblages, diatom-inferred pH, and timing of the onset of acidification. Thus, paleolimnological inferences from deepwater sediment cores were highly reproducible in this large, morphometrically complex lake system.     

Purification and characterization of a corrinoid-compound in an edible cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae as a nutritional supplementary food

The vitamin B12 concentration of the dried cells of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was determined by both microbiological method with Lactobacillus delbrueckeii ATCC7830 and chemiluminescence method with intrinsic factor. The Aphanizomenon cells contained 616.3 +/- 30.3 micro g (n = 4) of vitamin B12 per 100 g of the dried cells by the microbiological method. The values determined with the chemiluminescence method, however, were only about 5.3% of the values determined by the microbiological method. A corrinoid-compound was purified from the dried cells and characterized. The purified corrinoid-compound was identified as pseudovitamin B12 (an inactive corrinoid-compound for humans) by silica gel 60 TLC, C18 reversed-phase HPLC, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results suggest that the Aphanizomenon cells are not suitable for use as a vitamin B12 source, especially in vegans.     

Phosphorus Fractionation and Short-term Mobility in the Surface Sediment of a Polymictic Shallow Lake Treated with a Low Dose of Alum (Courtille Lake,France)

Lake Courtille was a polymictic eutrophic lake prone to large pH variations and sediment resuspension. Short term P release (96 hr) under laboratory resuspension conditions for two sedimentsample types, surface sediments which represent sediment accumulated over several years and trap sediments which representcurrent year sediment, was studied. The experiments were carriedout in oxic conditions at different pH values. According to phosphorus fractionation, Fe-bound-P, Al-bound-P and Organic-bound-P comprised the largest phosphorus pool (80% of Total Phosphorus). Phosphorus release was from the Fe-P, Al-P and organic fractions. These represent 35% of the total phosphorus content at pH 10. At circumneutral pH, in oxic conditions, a lower quantity of P was released (roughly 4% of total P sediment content) than at pH 10. The organic matter mineralization occurring at the end of summer can also influenceP release as illustrated by the difference in total phosphoruscontent between sediment samples of 2000 and of the last five years. This type of P release was observed in Lake Courtille. High soluble reactive phosphorus content was measured in the water column at the end of summer. Aluminium treatment was thus not efficient in preventing P release. Moreover, a higher alum dose was needed to reduce P content in the water column in order to decrease primary productivity and subsequent organic matter sedimentation.     

影响富营养化湖泊底泥氮、磷释放的因素

[目的]分析水体酸碱度、温度以及上覆水营养盐浓度,为合理评估环境因素对湖泊底泥氮、磷释放的影响提供科学依据。[方法]选择富营氧化比较严重的云南省昆明市城市景观湖泊翠湖为研究区域,通过控制不同pH值、温度和上覆水营养盐浓度来模拟影响底泥氮磷释放的因素。[结果](1)放置时间相同条件下底泥氮、磷释放量受到水体酸碱性的影响,中性环境下(pH=7.5)释放量高于酸性和碱性水体条件。底泥释放5,10h条件下,pH值为7.5时底泥磷释放量分别达到5.88,8.28mg/kg;pH值为7.5时底泥氮释放量分别达到22.8,38.4mg/kg;(2)底泥氮、磷释放量随着温度升高而增加。温度为20℃时底泥氮、磷的释放量分别达到28.62,3.75mg/kg;(3)底泥氮、磷的释放量均随着上覆水浓度增加而减少,随着放置时间延长而增加。放置时间5h上覆水氨氮浓度0.31mg/L底泥氮的释放量最大,达到21.63mg/kg。放置10h在氨氮为2.37mg/L时底泥氮的释放量达到最大值(39.22mg/kg);底泥磷释放量在上覆水磷浓度0.14mg/L时底泥总磷的释放量最大;放置时间为5,10h时分别达到4.25,4.91mg/kg。[结论]底泥中营养盐释放是一相当复杂的动态过程,水体酸碱度、温度或上覆水营养盐浓度是影响释放量的主要因素。     

Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Fractionation in the Sediment of Lake Bled (Slovenia)

Stable isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen in the sediment and pore water of a eutrophic freshwater lake was studied. Based on changes in the δ¹¹C and δ¹⁵N values of dissolved components and sediment fraction. possible processes involved in the decomposition of sedimentary organic matter are outlined. The relative importance of acetate fermentation and CO₂ reduction was estimated using known mathematical models, and ammonia assimilation by methanogenic bacteria is hypothesised to be the main process governing the isotope fractionation of dissolved nitrogen in pore water.     

达里诺尔湖磷赋存特征及底泥释放影响因素

[目的]揭示封闭性内陆湖磷组成特点及底泥释放影响因素,为控制达里湖磷元素污染提供理论支持。[方法]对达里诺尔湖水体总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)、溶解性无机磷(DIP),沉积物形态磷进行监测,并利用因子分析的方法对影响沉积物底泥释放的因素分类讨论。[结果]达里湖上覆水总磷(TP)均值2.00±0.02mg/L,间隙水TP均值2.50±0.02mg/L,沉积物TP在206.09~940.49mg/kg之间。沉积物中无机磷(IP)占TP的47.9%,是沉积物主要的磷形态之一。钙磷(Ca-P)是IP中含量最多的形态磷(217.76±47.01mg/kg),其次为铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P,62.73±28.34mg/kg)和交换态磷(Ex-P,36.50±19.13mg/kg),有机磷(OP,200.28±135.13mg/kg)含量占TP的41.8%;通过因子分析法将影响底泥释放的因素分为三类:沉积物TP,Ca-P,Fe/Al-P和生物有效性磷含量归为沉积物磷因子;水体pH,DO,Eh值以及间隙水磷含量归为界面影响因子;湖水水深归为湖泊自身特征因子。[结论]达里湖存在沉积物磷底泥释放的风险,根据因子分析的结果可知,影响沉积物底泥释放的因素分为沉积物磷、水—沉积物界面理化指标和湖水水深3大类。     

东平湖表层沉积物中磷的吸附容量及潜在释放风险分析

利用沉积物磷吸附指数（PSI）和磷吸附饱和度（DPS）研究了东平湖表层沉积物的磷吸附容量,并讨论了沉积物中磷的潜在释放风险。结果表明,表层沉积物的磷吸附指数变化范围为30.3～45.2[mg P·（100g）-1]·（μmol·L-1）-1,表现出从湖心、湖东向湖北、湖南逐渐增大的扇形特征;而磷吸附饱和度变化范围为6.5%～24.1%,与磷吸附指数变化趋势恰好相反。磷吸附指数与沉积物中草酸铵提取的铁（FeOX）含量呈极显著正相关,与草酸铵提取的铁铝总量呈显著正相关,磷吸附饱和度与沉积物中草酸铵提取的磷（POX）含量呈显著正相关。此外,磷释放风险指数（ERI）变化范围为14.9%～67.5%,表明东平湖表层沉积物中磷释放诱发富营养化的风险处于高度风险范围。     

Polycyclic Musks in Water, Sediment, and Fishes from the Upper Hudson River, New York, USA

Synthetic musks are used in many consumer products for their pleasant odor and their binding affinity for fabrics. In the early 1990s, polycyclic musks were reported to occur in air, water, sediment, wildlife, and humans from many European countries. Concentrations of polycyclic musks, particularly 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-[??]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene (AHTN), have been reported to increase over time in the environment. In this study, concentrations of musks in water, sediment, fish, and mussel were determined from three locations along the upper Hudson River. HHCB and AHTN were detected in water (n?=?5; 3.95?C25.8 and 5.09?C22.8 ng/L, respectively), sediment (n?=?3; 72.8?C388 and 113?C544 ng/g, dry weight), fish (n?=?30; <1?C125 and <1?C32.8 ng/g, lipid weight), and zebra mussel (n?=?4; 10.3?C19.3 and 42.2?C65.9 ng/g, lipid weight) samples. Bioaccumulation factors of HHCB calculated for white perch, catfish, smallmouth bass, and largemouth bass were in the range of 18 to 371, when the concentrations in fish were expressed on a wet weight basis; the factors were in the range of 261 to 12,900, when the concentrations in fish were expressed on a lipid weight basis.     

In Situ Method for Measuring Water Fluxes,Sediment, and Phosphorus at High Drip Infiltrometer Intensities in the Upper Half Meter of a Tilled Clay Soil

The first step in evaluating phosphorus (P) loss risks should be to investigate the topsoil, which is generally considered a source of P transport via macropore flow. A procedure is presented for in situ measurement of hydraulic response times, critical water outflow rates, as well as turbidity (T), sediment (SC), and total phosphorus (Ptot) concentrations in outflowing soil water solution from the upper half meter of a clay soil. The method applies to a range of controlled experimental rainfall intensities from a drip infiltrometer, and a zero-tension collection tray located at 0.5 m depth through which percolating water/sediment solution is sampled. Reasonable positive relationships were observed between T, SC, and Ptot versus steady output flow rates (qs). Dependencies were strong between Ptot and each of qs and T, and weaker between Ptot and SC. The methods require further validation and will be further developed in upcoming studies.     

Perchlorate Depositional History as Recorded in North American Ice Cores from the Eclipse Icefield, Canada, and the Upper Fremont Glacier, USA

Temporal depositional rates are important in order to understand the production and occurrence of perchlorate (ClO₄⁻) as limited information exists regarding the impact of anthropogenic production or atmospheric pollution on ClO₄⁻ deposition. Perchlorate concentrations in discrete ice core samples from the Eclipse Icefield (Yukon Territory, Canada) and Upper Fremont Glacier (Wyoming, USA) were analyzed using ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to evaluate temporal changes in the deposition of ClO₄ ⁻ in North America. The ice core samples cover a time period from 1726 to 1993 and 1970 to 2002 for the Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG) and Eclipse ice cores, respectively. The average ClO₄ ⁻ concentration in the Eclipse ice core for the time period from 1970 to 1973 was 0.6 ± 0.3 ng L⁻¹, with higher values of 2.3 ± 1.7 and 2.2 ± 2.0 ng L⁻¹ for the periods 1982–1986 and 1999–2002, respectively. All pre-1980 ice core samples from the UFG had ClO₄ ⁻ concentrations <0.2 ng L⁻¹, and the post-1980 samples ranged from <0.2 ng L⁻¹ to a maximum of 2.6 ng L⁻¹ for the year 1992. A significant positive correlation (R = 0.75, N = 15, p < 0.001) of ClO₄⁻ with SO₄²⁻ was found for the annual UFG ice core layers and of ClO₄ ⁻ with SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ in sub-annual Eclipse ice samples (R > 0.3, N = 121, p < 0.002). The estimated yearly ClO₄⁻ depositional flux for the Eclipse ice core ranged from 0.6 (1970) to 4.7 μg m⁻² year⁻¹ (1982) and the UFG from <0.1 (pre-1980) to 1.4 μg m⁻² year⁻¹ (1992). There was no consistent seasonal variation in the ClO₄⁻ depositional flux for the Eclipse ice core, in contrast to a previous study on the Arctic region. The presence of ClO₄⁻ in these ice cores might correspond to an intermittent source such as volcanic eruptions and/or any anthropogenic forcing that may directly or indirectly aid in atmospheric ClO₄⁻ formation.     

骆马湖东部沉积物中氮磷含量和碱性磷酸酶活性季节变化

骆马湖是江苏省四大淡水湖泊之一,是南水北调东线工程重要蓄水库。2008年6月、10月及2009年4月对骆马湖东侧10个采样点的沉积物分层采样进行了分析,结果表明,骆马湖沉积物中,不同深度总氮含量变幅在0.13～2.91mg.g-1,平均（0.86±0.50）mg.g-1,季节变化不显著;总磷含量变幅为0.03～0.41mg.g-1,平均（0.19±0.10）mg.g-1,春季〉夏季〉秋季,季节变化显著;碱性磷酸酶活性最高为592.39mg.kg-1.h-1,最低为44.59mg.kg-1.h-1,平均（233.83±132.70）mg.kg-1.h-1,春季〉夏季〉秋季,季节变化显著,与总磷含量呈正相关。研究结果可初步揭示骆马湖沉积物中氮、磷和碱性磷酸酶的分布状况、变化规律,为骆马湖的治理与管理提供科学依据,为南水北调过水湖泊的水质安全问题提供参考。     

毛乌素沙地湖滨带沉积物碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征

为了阐明毛乌素沙地湖滨带沉积物生态化学计量学特征及其指示意义,对不同类型区湖滨带沉积物有机碳、全氮和全磷含量进行了测定与分析。结果表明:不同类型区湖滨带沉积物有机碳和全氮含量变化趋势一致,表现为距离湖泊中心位置愈远其含量愈低;湖滨带沉积物有机碳、全氮、全磷含量剖面分布具有一定层次性,表现为0—10cm10—20cm20—40cm,湖滨带沉积物全磷的变化相对滞后于有机碳和全氮,其水平分布特征与有机碳和全氮不同,剖面分布相似;土壤含水率和土壤容重是影响沉积物养分分布的关键因子,同时也是影响C/P和N/P变化的主要因素;生态化学计量学特征分析表明,除相对远离湖泊中心的类型区C/N和C/P与土壤碳储量的变化趋势一致外,靠近湖泊中心的类型区碳与养分比值未表现出对土壤碳储量良好的指示作用。     

太湖上游圩区氮磷管理的减污效益分析

太湖水体富营养化的重要驱动之一是流域上游区域的氮磷流失。圩区作为太湖上游平原区域的主要地理单元，具有复杂的水文与氮磷流失过程。针对圩区科学氮磷识别与高效管控是太湖治理的关键。本研究以太湖上游平原圩区为研究对象，采用氮动态模型（Nitrogen Dynamic model for lowland Polder systems，NDP）和磷动态模型（Phosphorus Dynamic model for lowland Polder systems，PDP）模拟圩区氮磷流失的动态过程，并基于圩区氮磷流失机制进行管理情景定量模拟与氮磷减污效益分析。结果表明：1）圩区氮磷的年平均流失强度分别为40和1.75 kg/ha/yr，高于太湖流域的平均氮磷流失水平；2）当圩区外部水质控制为Ⅳ类时，氮磷流失强度分别为37.54和1.58 kg/ha/yr，圩区截流氮磷量分别增加4.9%和9.9%，高氮磷流失级别的圩区数量分别减少26.2%和63.8%；3）如将圩区内5%的水田转化为水体，氮磷流失强度分别为36.73和1.72 kg/ha/yr，圩区截流氮磷量分别增加6.6%和1.7%，高氮磷流失级别的圩区数量分别减少46.2%和22.5%；4）圩区氮磷的流失机制具有明显不同，圩外水质目标对于圩内磷的流失影响较大，圩内的水体和坑塘等对于氮滞留和净化更加有优势。     

Evaluating the Contribution of Long-Range Transport of Heavy Metals from the Asian Continent to Their Concentrations in Sediment Cores from Lake Shinji,Western Japan

The historical trend of heavy metal pollution recorded in sediment cores from Lake Shinji, western Japan, was investigated to evaluate the contribution of increasing long-range transport of heavy metals from the Asian continent in recent years. The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn and lead isotope ratios were determined for sediment cores collected at two sites in the lake. Among the metals, Cd, Sb, and Zn showed markedly high concentrations since the 1970s. Moreover, a high Pb concentration and less radiogenic lead isotope ratios have been observed since the 1980s in the core from a site close to the mouth of a major river. Air masses from the Asian continent, including China, Russia, and South Korea, have less radiogenic lead isotope ratios than those from Japan. This suggests that the recent increase in Pb concentration in the sediment core is primarily due to the long-range transport of heavy metals from the Asian continent, followed by their deposition in the catchment area of the river. The concentration ratios of Pb/Cd, Pb/Sb, and Pb/Zn of the sediment around 2000 were calculated on the basis of the metal concentrations in excess of those before 1940. They were then compared with the volume-weighted annual average concentration ratios of Pb/Cd, Pb/Sb, and Pb/Zn of rain samples collected on the shore of the lake for 1999–2001. The result showed that the ratios of the former to the latter are 1.0 for Cd, 0.69 for Sb, and 0.31 for Zn. Thus, it is likely that the long-range transport of Cd and Sb from the Asian continent also contributes significantly to the recent increase in the concentrations of these metals in the sediment core from Lake Shinji. For Zn, however, the contribution from the Asian continent was evaluated to be small, suggesting the importance of local sources such as effluent discharges.     

雨强和坡度对铁尾矿砂坡面复垦前后产流产沙的影响

运用人工模拟降雨技术,研究铁尾矿砂裸坡及复垦坡面在雨强和坡度共同作用下的产流产沙特征。结果表明:(1)坡面产流及产沙受各因子影响程度均为:雨强>坡度>基质类型。(2)就铁尾矿砂裸坡而言,雨强对坡面产流影响显著,坡面产流随着雨强和坡度的增大均呈现递增趋势,随着雨强的增大,其作为坡面产流主导因素的作用突显,会出现掩盖坡度对坡面产流影响的现象;坡面产沙随着雨强的增大基本呈现递增趋势,且坡度越大产沙的增幅越大,雨强和坡度对坡面产沙影响均显著。(3)在复垦设计坡度25°条件下,就减流效果而言,不同基质类型复垦坡面间减流规律相似、效果差别甚微,随着雨强的增大减流效果逐渐消失;单纯考虑减沙效果,不同复垦坡面的减沙效果因基质的不同存在一定的差异,综合考虑不同雨强下的减沙效果,铁尾矿砂与菌糠混合物是复垦坡面基质的最优选择。研究结果可为铁尾矿砂裸坡土壤侵蚀的防治和铁尾矿库复垦提供经验参考和合理建议。     

渤海湾各形态重金属的地球化学特征及其环境意义

根据2008年对渤海湾的调查,重点研究了渤海湾湾内和湾口柱状沉积物重金属的生物地球化学特征,通过剖析不同形态重金属的特征,结合渤海湾生态环境信息的综合分析,系统探讨了渤海湾沉积物重金属的演变趋势、影响控制因素以及潜在生态风险。结果表明,湾内海河口附近沉积柱重金属含量有几次突变,20～22cm段极小值可对应1939年海河北系的洪水,10～12cm段极小值可对应1963年海河南系的洪水,1963年至今重金属含量有逐渐增加的趋势。不同形态重金属百分含量从大到小为：残渣态〉铁锰氧化物结合态〉碳酸盐结合态〉有机结合态〉可交换态,且重金属在海河口附近都表现出较高的可浸取态百分含量。风险评价结果表明,重金属总量富集因子由大到小为：Pb〉Cd〉Zn〉Cr〉V〉Co〉Cu〉Ni,其中Pb、Cd和Zn的富集因子均大于1,说明其有污染,但渤海湾沉积物总体质量良好,潜在生态风险较低。从重金属形态角度评价,V和Cr无污染,Zn、Co、Cu、Ni和Pb在湾内及湾外均有不同程度的污染,而Pb的污染最为严重。     

汤浦水库沉积物碳、氮、磷的分布与评价

[目的]研究汤浦水库沉积物中氮、磷及有机碳等污染物现状,为水质安全保障提供依据。[方法]在库区采集沉积物柱状样品,分析其中碳、氮、磷的含量,并采用有机指数法对沉积物污染现状进行评价。[结果]沉积物中有机碳平均含量12.23g/kg,总氮平均含量1.22g/kg,总磷平均含量为0.49g/kg;氮、磷及有机碳等污染物主要集中于沉积物表层0—20cm范围内。随沉积物厚度的增加,各类污染物含量下降,40cm以下的沉积物中污染物含量变化不大;有机指数评价结果显示,水库沉积物有机指数为0.13,等级为Ⅱ级,较清洁。[结论]汤浦水库沉积物受到的污染较小,但沉积物中含氮物质略多,应该引起重视。