Characterization and identification of leaf morphology of Populus deltoides Bartr.clones

Leaves are of fundamental importance to plants,representing their facility to generate power and are the sensing units of plants towards the environment.An attempt was made to characterize and compare the variations of leaf morphology of various Populus deltoides Bartr.clones by studying the winter buds and other leaf parameters of fully developed leaves.To achieve these objectives,forty-three exotic and indigenous clones of P.deltoides Bartr.were evaluated for different parameters.On the basis of various morphological characteristics the results reveal that each clone has a distinct color pattern of leaves.Different colors observed in these clones varied from light green through green to dark green.Two distinct lengths of the leaf apex were found,i.e.,short and long; as well both acuminate and acute apex types were found.Erratic distribution of serration of leaves was also found.In this study,the morphological traits of leaves provided discriminatory grounds for separating various populations of P.deltoides Bartr.clones.Winter bud studies indicate that different clones vary considerably with regard to shape,color,shape of leaf scars and exudation.     

滇杨与美洲黑杨派间杂交育种试验初报

本研究以青杨派中的滇杨为母本,黑杨派中的美洲黑杨为父本,采用人工切枝水培杂交技术进行了滇杨×美洲黑杨的杂交工作,获得了一定数量的杂种苗。今后将结合表型性状和分子标记技术对杂种苗和亲本进行遗传变异分析,探索和研究滇杨×美洲黑杨杂交育种的遗传变异规律,亲子鉴定和早期选育的遗传基础。     

鄂北岗地美洲黑杨及杂交无性系对比试验

通过20个美洲黑杨及杂交无性系岗地造林对比试验,对不同无性系的物候期、保存率和生长量进行观测分析,结果表明:不同品系保存率差异达到显著水平;不同品系生长量差异达到极显著水平;不同品系冠高、冠幅差异达到极显著水平;生长量、冠高、冠幅相关方差分析,均达到极显著水平,生长量与物候期之间未达到显著水平;抗虫害比较品系间差异不显著,抗旱性比较国内系列较从日本引进的品系耐旱,DD89-23无性系生长快、干形好、适应性强,平均单株材积比中潜3号高10.00%,为鄂北岗地及低山营造丰产林提供种质材料和依据。     

杨树新无性系丹红杨引种试验

作者通过对潜江地区丹红杨品比试验林与推广示范林的调查,从造林类型、栽植密度、土壤条件等方面进行生长量、抗性分析,结果表明:丹红杨在潜江的引种栽培初步成功,推广示范区丹红杨单株材积生长量是中潜3号的132.5%～163.9%,表现出速生、丰产、抗性强等特点,可以作为杨树工业原料林的优良品种在江汉平原及类似地区推广应用。     

Characterization and identification of leaf morphology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus deltoides</Emphasis> Bartr. clones

Leaves are of fundamental importance to plants, representing their facility to generate power and are the sensing units of plants towards the environment. An attempt was made to characterize and compare the variations of leaf morphology of various Populus deltoides Bartr. clones by studying the winter buds and other leaf parameters of fully developed leaves. To achieve these objectives, forty-three exotic and indigenous clones of P. deltoides Bartr. were evaluated for different parameters. On the basis of various morphological characteristics the results reveal that each clone has a distinct color pattern of leaves. Different colors observed in these clones varied from light green through green to dark green. Two distinct lengths of the leaf apex were found, i.e., short and long; as well both acuminate and acute apex types were found. Erratic distribution of serration of leaves was also found. In this study, the morphological traits of leaves provided discriminatory grounds for separating various populations of P. deltoides Bartr. clones. Winter bud studies indicate that different clones vary considerably with regard to shape, color, shape of leaf scars and exudation.     

Quantitative Estimation of Genetic Variability in Morphological Characteristics of Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) Clones

The study was carried out to analyze the genetic variability for different growth parameters in poplar clones at the age of 2 and 3 yr in the nursery. Forty-nine exotic and indigenous clones of poplar were evaluated for eight morphological traits. Clones were planted in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications with four clones in a block in each treatment. Observations for different characters were recorded on six selected competitive clones per genotype. Results showed a high interclonal variability for most parameters. Statistically significant differences among clones indicated that the majority of study characters are controlled by genetic factors, specific to each clone. Highly significant genotypic difference supported by wide range of variation of mean and range values were observed for the characters under study. Significant and positive correlation was observed between diameter at breast height (DBH) and plant height. Leaf lamina length showed positive and significant correlation with petiole length, total leaf length, leaf width, and L/B ratio. Total leaf length showed positive and significant correlation with leaf width and L/B ratio. High estimates of heritability (in a broad sense) were observed for almost all characters in the study. High genetic advance expressed as percent of mean was recorded for petiole length (60.90), followed by plant height (60.78) and collar diameter (44.19) at 2 yr. At the age of 3 yr, genetic advance was found maximum for petiole length (60.05), followed by collar diameter (47.62) and plant height (45.29). The efforts for selecting new clones and their field-testing must continue under a long-term improvement plan so that the best clones can be recommended for plantations and hybridization programs.     

美洲黑杨安林189、安林193杨引种试验研究

1989年从新西兰等5个国家引进92种美洲黑杨杂交品种,经过近20年的引种试验,成功选出适宜于长江下游平原生长的美洲黑杨安林189和安林193。其基本特点是对天牛及食叶害虫的抗性强,速生性强。     

Morphological and physiological plasticity response to low nitrogen stress in black cottonwood(Populus deltoides Marsh.)OA

It is important to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance of trees in order to improve their productivity. In this study, both were evaluated for 338 Populus deltoides genotypes from six provenances. The plants were cultured under normal nitrogen(750 μM NH₄ NO₃) and low nitrogen(5 μM NH₄ NO₃) conditions for 3 months. Growth, chlorophyll content and glutamine synthetase activity of each genotype were measured. Under low nitrogen, height...     

美洲黑杨雄性花芽cDNA克隆测序及表达序列标签(ESTs)特性分析

采用SMART技术构建美洲黑杨雄性花芽cDNA文库.随机挑选4 200个克隆进行序列测定,获得原始序列3 092个ESTs,去除插入片段短于150 bp的序列和污染序列后,获得有效ESTs序列3 087个,平均长度515 bp.对聚类后的416个Clusters分别进行单独拼接,得到相应的Contigs和Singletons分别为451和1 104个,并通过与NCBI等核酸数据库进行比对、查询和注释,获得已知功能和未知功能的基因1 015个,无序列相似性的新基因540个.这些数据为进一步研究高等植物花发育提供了一个极有价值的资源.     

丹红杨等6个南方型杨树无性系物候期观察研究

笔者对潜江市林业科学研究所内丹红杨等6个表现优良的南方型杨树无性系物候期进行观测研究,分析了各无性系萌芽展叶、生长、封顶落叶、开花结实、休眠的时间以及与气温变化的关系,并得出了各无性系的物候表,为丹红杨等优良杨树无性系在江汉平原的繁育栽培提供了理论依据。     

Ⅰ-69杨人工林生长规律与营养特性的研究

1982年以来在湖南省汉寿进行了Ⅰ-69杨人工林生长规律与营养特性的定位研究。前三年(1982～1984年)结果表明,当地的气候、土壤生态因子适于Ⅰ-69杨生长,胸径生长年、月变异极显著。第一年生长慢,8月为高峰期;第三年较第二年次之,6月为高峰期。三年胸径年平均增长4.78 cm。主要营养元素(除Mg外)的月变异极显著,与胸径生长规律一致。年变化无显著差异,年平均含量较高,N为3.25％～3.31％,P_2O_5为0.58％～0.59％,K_2O为1.59％～1.61％,CaO为3.17％～3.28％,MgO为0.54％～0.70％,反映了Ⅰ-69杨生长与主要营养元素吸收、利用以及土壤养分的供给,处于动态平衡的良好状态。     

美洲黑杨与不同种源青杨杂种苗叶片和生长性状多水平变异研究

利用美洲黑杨50号为母本和青杨5个种源(各10个单株)为父本杂交,获得杂种F1代无性系,对此多水平杂交育种体系叶片和生长遗传变异进行了研究.结果表明,父本青杨种源间及种源内单株间均达到极显著差异,F1代无性系的种源间、种源内家系间和家系内无性系间存在不同差异.杂种F1代无性系扦插苗父本种源不同的杂交组合间和组合内家系间成活率差异不显著,1、2、3年生苗的生长性状在不同层次变异水平上差异显著或极显著,表明父本青杨种源间和种源内变异对F1代生长有显著影响,F1代无性系存在丰富的遗传变异,具有选择潜力.杂种F1代叶片形态与苗期生长性状间未发现有较大相关性.     

美洲黑杨与不同种源青杨杂种苗叶片和生长性状多水平变异研究

利用美洲黑杨 5 0号为母本和青杨 5个种源 (各 10个单株 )为父本杂交 ,获得杂种F1代无性系 ,对此多水平杂交育种体系叶片和生长遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明 ,父本青杨种源间及种源内单株间均达到极显著差异 ,F1代无性系的种源间、种源内家系间和家系内无性系间存在不同差异。杂种F1代无性系扦插苗父本种源不同的杂交组合间和组合内家系间成活率差异不显著 ,1、2、3年生苗的生长性状在不同层次变异水平上差异显著或极显著 ,表明父本青杨种源间和种源内变异对F1代生长有显著影响 ,F1代无性系存在丰富的遗传变异 ,具有选择潜力。杂种F1代叶片形态与苗期生长性状间未发现有较大相关性     

35杨微繁殖与叶片不定芽再生研究

以35杨茎段外植体为供试材料,对腋芽微繁殖、叶片不定芽再生、生根以及移植的离体培养技术体系进行了研究,结果表明：获得初始无菌苗的取材以4月取田间杨树新枝茎段外植体为最好;茎段外植体的启动培养基以附加NAA0．1mCL、0．5mg／L6-BA及GA,0．5mg／L的WPM培养基为优;腋芽微繁殖最快的培养基为WPM＋0．2mg／L6-BA＋0．1mg／LIAA＋0．1mg／LIBA;生根培养基以3／5WPM＋0．1mg／LIBA为好;叶片不定芽再生培养基以WPM＋0．2mg／L 6-BA＋0．1mg／LIAA＋0．1mg／LIBA再生频率最高,达92．86％;叶片不定芽在生根培养基上培养20d后获健壮生根苗,移栽成活率达100％。     

转果聚糖蔗糖转移酶基因银腺杨的获得

采用农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法,将来自枯草杆菌的果聚糖蔗糖转移酶基因(SacB)导入银腺杨,以提高杨树对水分胁迫的抗性。以来自无菌培养的叶片为外植体,通过大约10 0 0个叶盘与农杆菌LBA4 4 0 4共培养,将植物双元表达载体pKP中SacB基因导入银腺杨基因组,经卡那霉素筛选后,共获得10 2株卡那霉素抗性植株。经PCR特异性扩增和Southern点杂交分析,证明其中97株再生植株基因组DNA中整合了SacB基因。对其中的6 2个无性系进行RT PCR分析,结果表明SacB基因在其中的5 0个无性系中获得表达。温室生长观察表明,转基因无性系外部形态与对照相比没有稳定的显著差异,少数部分转基因无性系的生长明显受到抑制,其他转基因无性系生长正常。这些转基因无性系的获得为培育抗旱转基因杨树奠定了基础。     

Effect of Poplar (Populus deltoides) shelterbelt on the growth and yield of wheat in Punjab, India

A study was conducted around Chandigarh (Punjab), India to assess the effect of Populus deltoides shelterbelt on wheat. Crop density, root and shoot length, biomass and grain yield of wheat at crop maturity were significantly lower, up to 12 ± 1 m in the fields sheltered by P. deltoides than in unsheltered plots. The reduction of biomass and grain yield of wheat were comparatively more than that of other parameters. The observed reduction in the growth and yield of wheat could be attributed to phytotoxic interference of the phenolics from the tree with the crop. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

美洲黑杨×青杨F2代基本材性性状遗传变异研究

利用美洲黑杨×青杨杂交三代谱系探索了木材密度、纤维长、纤维宽、纤维长宽比和微纤丝角等性状的遗传变异规律.结果表明基本密度与纤维长受主基因的控制,表现为"质量- 数量性状",其杂种优势明显且在F     

不同挥发物诱导的合作杨叶片中POD,PPO及PAL活性变化

以1年生合作杨扦插苗为试验材料,利用茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)分别与水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)、顺式己烯醛(cis-hexenal)、反式己烯醛(trarts-hexenal)和苯骈噻唑(benzothiazole)混合的4种挥发物熏蒸合作杨叶片,检测过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)3种防御酶的活性变化.结果表明:经过4种混合挥发物熏蒸后,合作杨叶片中POD,PPO和PAL活性都有明显的升高,并且2种挥发物混合的诱导效果要高于单独一种挥发物,但不仅仅是每一种挥发物诱导效果的相加之和.从诱导酶活增加的效果来看,在这4种混合挥发物中,MeJA+cis-hexenal的诱导能力最高.     

Intratree Variability of Tensile Strength Parallel to Grain in Chinese Fir and 1-214 Poplar from Plantation

The variation of tensile strength parallel to grain in Chinese fir and 1-214 poplar wood from plantations was studied in this paper. Aaccording to the national standards The Testing Methods for Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood （GB 1927 to 1943 -- 1991）, the small clear wood samples were cut and tested, which represent the south and north of trees with heights of 1.3, 3.3, 5.3 and 7.3 m. The results showed： the tensile strength parallel to grain of the north wood was higher than that of south wood. ANOVA shows that the tensile strength parallel to the grain with height is of significant difference （at 0.05 level）.