共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
D-S. SON S. HARIYA M. SHIMODA E. KOKUE 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1996,19(3):176-183
Protein binding kinetics of basic antimicrobials including trimethoprim (TMP), erythromycin (EM), lincomycin (LM) and clindamycin (CM) were studied using porcine plasma, albumin and æ-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Rosenthal plots of these basic drugs in porcine plasma suggest saturable and non-saturable binding. Dissociation constants (Kd) and binding capacity (Bmax) for saturable binding were as follows: TMP, Kd= 8.58 μmol/L, Bmax= 5.26 μmol/L; EM, kd= 2.72 μmol/L, Bmax= 3.06 μmol/L; LM, kd= 3.96 μmol/L, Bmax= 6.58 μmol/L and CM, kd= 4.43 μmol/L, Bmax= 21.7 μmol/L. The proportionality constants (Bmax2/kd2) for non-saturable binding were 0.29 in TMP, 0.52 in EM, 0.17 in LM and 3.2 in CM. The kds of the drugs in porcine AGP solution were determined by a fluorescence quenching method, using 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulphonate (ANS) as a fluorescent probe: 9.51 μmol/L in TMP, 1.89 μmol/ L in EM, 4.48 μmol/L in LM and 9.69 μmol/L, in CM. Comparable kd values between porcine plasma and AGP solution indicated that AGP is a major saturable binder in porcine plasma. Binding property to porcine albumin presented linearity, showing the following proportionality constants: 0.23 in TMP, 0.38 in EM, 0.01 in LM and 0.76 in CM. The comparable proportionality constants of TMP and EM between porcine plasma and albumin solution indicate that albumin is a major non-saturable binder, whereas proportionality constants of LM and CM in albumin solution compared to those in porcine plasma were low, implying another non-saturable binder, i.e. lipoprotein. Simulation curve of drug-binding percentage vs. AGP concentrations showed that in pigs under a pathologic state, or during early growth stage with high AGP levels, AGP could be a main contributor to drug-plasma protein binding for all drugs examined. The increase of AGP from normal to pathological concentrations induced a decrease in the unbound fraction: LM > CM > EM > TMP in order of AGP contribution to drug binding. Therefore, the disposition and efficacy of basic antimicrobials which bind to AGP with high affinity could be markedly influenced by altered AGP levels, implying AGP contribution to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. 相似文献
2.
Iridocorneal angle measurements in mammalian species: normative data by optical coherence tomography
Alexandra Almazan Susan Tsai Paul E. Miller Susan S. Lee Abhiram S. Vilupuru James A. Burke Michael R. Robinson 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2013,16(2):163-166
Objective Gonioscopy provides limited quantitative information to compare the iridocorneal anatomy across different species. In addition, the anatomic relationships by histologic examination are altered during processing. As a result, the comparative anatomy of the iridocorneal angle across several mammalian species was evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods Cats, beagle dogs, minipigs, owl monkeys, cynomolgus monkeys, and rhesus monkeys (n = 6 or 7 per species) were evaluated. Imaging was performed using the OCT. The anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance (AOD), and the angle recess area (ARA) were evaluated. Results AC angle: cat (63 ± 6°) > owl monkey (54 ± 4°) > beagle dog (42 ± 4°) > minipig (40 ± 3°) > rhesus monkey (36 ± 1°) > cynomolgus monkey (34 ± 2°). AOD: cat (3.3 ± 0.5 mm) > owl monkey (2.05 ± 0.2 mm) > beagle dog (1.08 ± 0.1 mm) > rhesus monkey (0.92 ± 0.06 mm) > minipig (0.64 ± 0.04 mm) > cynomolgus monkey (0.43 ± 0.03 mm). ARA: cat (3.5 ± 0.1 mm2) > owl monkey (1.41 ± 0.2 mm2) > dog (0.88 ± 0.1 mm2) > rhesus monkey (0.62 ± 0.06 mm2) > minipig (0.21 ± 0.05 mm2) > cynomolgus monkey (0.15 ± 0.01 mm2). Conclusions This study benchmarks the normative iridocorneal angle measurements across different mammalian species by OCT. These data can be useful to compare iridocorneal angle measurements in disease states as OCT evolves as a common diagnostic tool in veterinary ophthalmic research and practice. 相似文献
3.
The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and the maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of estrogen receptor in cytosolic and nuclear fractions in oviduct of pullets following various daily injections (1–10 times) of growth hormone (GH: 50 µg/chick) were examined by Scathchard analysis of specific [3H]estradiol‐17β (E2) binding. The Kd values of receptor in both fractions decreased after three times of GH‐injection. In the Bmax values, three times of the injection caused a marked decrease in that value in the cytosolic fraction with a concomitant increase in that in the nuclear fraction, whereas the total Bmax (sum of Bmax in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions) did not change. A similar relationship between the Kd values in the binding of the two fractions was also observed in 4–10 times of GH‐injection. However, in 4–10 times of GH‐injection the Bmax of the both fractions and total Bmax was greater than that in vehicle‐injection (control). When the chicks were injected with 6–10 times of GH‐injection, the weight of oviduct was increased. No change in the plasma concentrations of E2 was found following GH‐ and vehicle‐injections into the chicks. The results suggest that growth hormone stimulates the growth of the chick oviduct by increasing the binding affinity and capacity of estrogen receptor. 相似文献
4.
Dogs with portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) are known to develop pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, but there have been no reports on the plasma protein binding of cortisol in these dogs. Since the liver is involved in the synthesis of corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) and other transport proteins for cortisol, the binding characteristics of these proteins and thus the biologically-active free fraction of cortisol might be altered in dogs with PSE. We investigated the total concentration of cortisol and the free fraction and the free cortisol concentration in plasma of thirty-two dogs with PSE due to inherited portosystemic shunts or chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis. We found a significantly higher free fraction (14.7 ± 5.8%, P<0.0001) and free cortisol concentration (26.3 ± 23.1 nM, P<0.001) in these dogs than in healthy controls (8.2 ± 2.3% and 9.2 ± 7.2 nM, respectively). Moreover, basal concentrations of total cortisol in the dogs with PSE were higher than in the healthy controls (190 ± 146 nM v. 107 ± 65, P<0.01). The per cent free cortisol in plasma was not significantly correlated with the concentration of albumin or the total cortisol in plasma. We conclude that there is decreased binding of cortisol in plasma of dogs with PSE due to decreased hepatic synthesis of cortisol binding proteins. The presence of increased concentrations of free cortisol in these dogs indicates that their basal pituitary-adrenocortical activity was increased, probably due to aberrant neurotransmission in brain centers associated with pituitary function, as a result of hepatic encephalopathy. 相似文献
5.
Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA Tetsuya TAKAHASHI Kaori NAKAGAWA‐MIZUYACHI Mitsuo KAWASHIMA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):679-683
The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and the maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of calcitonin (CT) receptor in the plasma membrane of the anterior pituitary in hens were examined by Scatchard analysis of specific binding of 125I‐labeled chicken CT. Values of Kd and Bmax of CT receptor were smaller in laying hens than in non‐laying hens. A decrease in the Kd and Bmax value of CT receptor was observed in the anterior pituitary after the injection of estradiol‐17β and progesterone into nonlaying hens, but not changed after the injection of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone. During an oviposition cycle, the Kd and the Bmax value decreased 3 h before oviposition. In non‐laying hens, neither the Kd nor the Bmax value changed during a full day period. The present study suggests that the CT action on the anterior pituitary may increase 3 h before oviposition by the effect of estradiol‐17β and progesterone in laying hens. 相似文献
6.
B. Bamberg-Thaln L. Nyberg L. Fackler L.E. Edqvist 《Research in veterinary science》1992,52(3):363-366
Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) binding capacity and plasma cortisol concentration were determined in 27 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and in 17 healthy control dogs. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in hyperadrenocorticoid dogs than in controls. CBG binding capacity did not differ between the two groups. It is concluded that excessive endogenous cortisol secretion does not induce an increase in CBG binding capacity. Consequently, the determination of CBG binding capacity provides no additional information for the diagnosis of canine Cushing's syndrome. 相似文献
7.
The relationships among hepatic corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) mRNA expression and plasma concentrations of cortisol and CBG was evaluated in fetal pigs (n=7-14 per age) on days 50, 70, 80, 90, and 104 of gestation and postnatal pigs (n=8 per age) on days 1, 3, 10, 20, 30, and 40 following birth. In fetal pigs, hepatic CBG mRNA expression was highest (P<0.01) on day 50 as compared to days 90 and 104, exhibiting an overall negative relationship (r=-0.63; P<0.01) with estimated gestation age. Plasma porcine CBG (pCBG) concentration was correlated (r=0.34; P<0.05) with hepatic CBG mRNA level. Plasma cortisol concentrations were not different over this same period. In postnatal pigs, hepatic CBG mRNA expression increased (P<0.01) from days 3 to 40. The pCBG concentration increased (P<0.01) from days 1 (6.1+/-3.4 microg/ml) to 10 (15.1+/-3.7 microg/ml), while plasma cortisol concentration remained constant. An understanding of the relation between hepatic CBG mRNA and circulating pCBG concentrations may provide insight into the mechanisms determining the bioavailability of cortisol necessary in prenatal development and the conservation of cortisol during postnatal development in the pig. 相似文献
8.
Toru TACHIBANA Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE Sayuri OSAKI Takeshi KURAISHI Shosaku HATTORI Midori YOSHIZAWA Chieko KAI Yasuo KISO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):161-165
The New World monkey Aotus spp. (night monkeys) are expected
for use of valuable experimental animal with the close species of Saimiri
spp. (squirrel monkeys). Saimiri is known to show spontaneous
hypercortisolemia, although few reports in Aotus. We compared basic
states of blood steroid hormones and histological structure of the adrenal glands in two
monkeys. Serum cortisol and ACTH levels were statistically lower in Aotus
than Saimiri. Conversely, Aotus adrenocortical area
showed significant enlargement, especially at the zona fasciculata. Electron microscopic
observation at Aotus fasciculata cells revealed notable accumulation of
large lipid droplets and irregular shapes of the mitochondrial cristae. These results
suggest potential differences in cellular activities for steroidogenesis between
Aotus and Saimiri and experimental usefulness in
adrenocortical physiology and pathological models. 相似文献
9.
Yasuhiro UNO Masakiyo HOSOKAWA Teruko IMAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):721-724
Arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), a microsomal serine esterase, hydrolyzes drugs, such
as flutamide, phenacetin and rifampicin. Because AADAC has not been fully investigated at
molecular levels in cynomolgus macaques, the non-human primate species widely used in drug
metabolism studies, cynomolgus AADAC cDNA was isolated and characterized. The deduced
amino acid sequence, highly homologous (92%) to human AADAC, was more closely clustered
with human AADAC than the dog, rat or mouse ortholog in a phylogenetic tree.
AADAC was flanked by AADACL2 and
SUCNR1 in the cynomolgus and human genomes. Moreover, relatively
abundant expression of AADAC mRNA was found in liver and jejunum, the drug-metabolizing
organs, in cynomolgus macaques, similar to humans. The results suggest molecular
similarities of AADAC between cynomolgus macaques and humans. 相似文献
10.
Q. A. McKELLAR P. DELATOUR P. LEES‡ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1994,17(6):447-454
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) carprofen (CPF) contains single chiral centre. It was administered orally to Beagle dogs as a racemate (rac-CPF) at a dose of 4 mg per kg body weight and as individual (-)(R) and (+)(S) enantiomers at 2 mg per kg body weight. Each of the enantiomers achieved similar plasma bioavailability following administration as the race-mate as they did following their separate administration. Only the administered enantiomers were detectable when the drug was given in the (-)(R) or (+) (S) form, indicating that chiral inversion did not occur in either direction. Higher plasma concentrations of the (-)(R) (Cmax 18 μg/ml, AUC0–24 118 μg h/ml) than the (+)(S) (Cmax 14 μg/ml, AUC0–24 67 μg h/ml) enantiomer were achieved following administration of the racemate. Both enantiomers distributed into peripheral subcutaneous tissue cage fluids, but Cmax and AUC values were lower for both transudate (non-stimulated tissue cage fluid) and exudate (induced by the intracaveal administration of the irritant carrageenan) than for plasma. Drug concentrations in transudate and exudate were similar, as indicated by Cmax and AUC values, although CPF penetrated more rapidly into exudate than into transudate. Neither rac-CPF nor either enantiomer inhibited thromboxane B2 (T × B2) generation by platelets in clotting blood (serum T × B2, or prostaglandin E2, (PGE,) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (1 2-HETE) synthesis in inflammatory exudate. Since other studies have shown that rac-CPF at the 4 mg/kg dose rate possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in the dog, it is concluded that the principal mode of action of the drug must be by mechanisms other than cyclooxygenase or 12-lipoxygenase inhibition. 相似文献
11.
G.C.G. Watney 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1993,20(1):14-17
Constants were determined which enable calculation of blood oxygen saturation (S) from oxygen tension (PO2) for the blood of man, dog, cat, cow, pig, sheep, rabbit and guinea pig using (i) a two-constant cubic equation of the form S / (1 - S) = A1 PO2+ A3 PO32 and (ii) a two-constant logarithmic equation of the form In (S / (1 - S)) = B0+ B1 (In PO2,)1.78 This equation may easily be inverted to allow calculation of PO2 from S from: In PO2= (C0+ C1 In (S / (1 - S))1/1.78 The logarithmic equation was more accurate over the range of PO2 in all species other than sheep over the range of PO2 examined, and was more accurate for calculation of PO2 from S in all species. 相似文献
12.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether hypercortisolism in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts disappeared after surgical closure of the shunts concomitantly with recovery from hepatic encephalopathy. We examined 22 dogs before and four weeks after partial surgical closure of a single, large congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS). Parameters measured to characterise the basal activity of the pituitary-adrenal axis were the cortisol:creatinine (c/c) ratio in home-sampled urine and total and free cortisol in plasma. The binding characteristics of cortisol binding globulin (CBG) in pooled pre- and postoperative plasma were also determined. Ammonia and bile acid concentrations were measured in plasma to characterise the liver perfusion and function. Clinical symptoms relevant to liver function, cortisol excess, and hepatic encephalopathy were recorded semiquantitatively using a standardized questionnaire. The dogs had hypercortisolism before surgery, which had normalized four weeks later. The pre- and postoperative concentrations (means +/- SEM) were, respectively, 238+/-45 nM and 126+/-19 nM for total cortisol, 15.5+/-2.6 nM and 8.4+/-1.3 nM for free cortisol in plasma, 13.4+/-4.3 x 10(-6) and 3.9+/-0.4 x 10(-6) for c/c in urine. The pre- and postoperative Bmax values of CBG were 41 and 79, and Kd values were 3.8 and 5.5. The concentrations of ammonia were 217+/-23 microM and 32+/-3.1 microM, and of bile acids 1 10+/-33 and 11.1+/-2.0 microM, respectively. We conclude that there is a close relation between portosystemic encephalopathy and hypercortisolism in dogs with PSS and that both deviations resolve completely within four weeks of closure of the shunt. 相似文献
13.
Growing male Wistar rats were used to test in which way variations in the quality of dietary proteins (10% absorbable crude protein; casein supplemented with 4% methionine (K); casein/gelatine (1 : 3); maize gluten supplemented with 4 amino acids; and maize gluten) influenced the binding capacity of blood plasma for corticosterone, and the concentration of corticosteroid-binding globulin ("CBG"), total corticosterone, free corticosterone and albumin-bound corticosterone in blood plasma. The binding capacity of the blood plasma for corticosterone and the total concentration of corticosterone, CBG, free corticosterone and albumin-bound corticosterone were found to rise with the improving quality of the dietary proteins (r = 0.830). A close correlation was found to exist between the concentration of total corticosterone in the blood plasma and CBG. Increases in the total concentration of corticosterone in blood plasma are, in 84% of all cases, brought about by increases in CBG concentrations. In conclusion, reference is made to the significance which such results may have for the control of regulatory processes. 相似文献
14.
Fasted normal dogs (n=8) were given fixed doses of cortisone acetate orally as 5 mg and 25 mg tablets; plasma cortisol concentrations were determined, and Cmax, tmax and area under the curve of plasma cortisol concentration plotted against time from zero to 12 hours were compared for the two preparations. In addition, these variables were compared when 25 mg tablets were administered with and without food. No significant difference in cortisol availability was noted for the two preparations and feeding did not apparently affect cortisone absorption. The findings in two hypoadrenocorticoid dogs were similar. Plasma cortisol concentrations in placebo-treated dogs similarly sampled showed minor fluctuations and were generally within accepted reference limits for normal dogs. 相似文献
15.
The responses of the plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol in horses to varied relative intensities of exertion were examined. The plasma concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly (p<0.05) with exertion. The plasma cortisol concentrations at relative work intensities of 48.3%±1.4%, 82.3%±2.0% and 99.6%±0.4% of VO2max were 114%, 124%, and 126%, respectively, of those at rest, whereas the plasma epinephrine concentrations were 239%, 772% and 3483%, and the norepinephrine concentrations were 138%, 255%, and 1121% of the values at rest. There was a significant (p<0.0001) relationship between the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The blood lactate concentration and the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly (p<0.0001) related, as were the relative work intensity (%VO2max) and the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The relationships between the plasma cortisol concentration and work intensity or blood lactate concentration were not significant (p>0.05). This study demonstrates a relationship between relative work intensity and indicators of adrenal medullary and sympathetic activity during brief exertion in horses. 相似文献
16.
M. Alsaaod C. Syring J. Dietrich M.G. Doherr T. Gujan A. Steiner 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2014,199(2):281-285
Infrared thermography (IRT) was used to detect digital dermatitis (DD) prior to routine claw trimming. A total of 1192 IRT observations were collected from 149 cows on eight farms. All cows were housed in tie-stalls. The maximal surface temperatures of the coronary band (CB) region and skin (S) of the fore and rear feet (mean value of the maximal surface temperatures of both digits for each foot separately, CBmax and Smax) were assessed. Grouping was performed at the foot level (presence of DD, n = 99; absence, n = 304), or at the cow level (all four feet healthy, n = 24) or where there was at least one DD lesion on the rear feet, n = 37). For individual cows (n = 61), IRT temperature difference was determined by subtracting the mean sum of CBmax and Smax of the rear feet from that of the fore feet.Feet with DD had higher CBmax and Smax (P < 0.001) than healthy feet. Smax was significantly higher in feet with infectious DD lesions (M-stage: M2 + M4; n = 15) than in those with non-infectious M-lesions (M1 + M3; n = 84) (P = 0.03), but this was not the case for CBmax (P = 0.12). At the cow level, an optimal cut-off value for detecting DD of 0.99 °C (IRT temperature difference between rear and front feet) yielded a sensitivity of 89.1% and a specificity of 66.6%. The results indicate that IRT may be a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool to screen for the presence of DD in dairy cows by measuring CBmax and Smax. 相似文献
17.
Z. ZHAO F. XUE L. ZHANG K. ZHANG C. FEI W. ZHENG X. WANG M. WANG Z. ZHAO X. MENG 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2010,33(2):147-153
Zhao, Z., Xue, F., Zhang, L., Zhang, K., Fei, C., Zheng, W., Wang, X., Wang, M., Zhao, Z., Meng, X. The pharmacokinetics of nitazoxanide active metabolite (tizoxanide) in goats and its protein binding ability in vitro. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 33 , 147–153. The pharmacokinetics of tizoxanide (T), the active metabolite of nitazoxanide (NTZ), and its protein binding ability in goat plasma and in the solutions of albumin and α‐1‐acid‐glycoprotein were investigated. The plasma and protein binding samples were analyzed using a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with UV detection at 360 nm. The plasma concentration of T was detectable in goats up to 24 h. Plasma concentrations vs. time data of T after 200 mg/kg oral administration of NTZ in goats were adequately described by one‐compartment open model with first order absorption. As to free T, the values of t1/2Ka, t1/2Ke, Tmax, Cmax, AUC, V/F(c), and Cl(s) were 2.51 ± 0.41 h, 3.47 ± 0.32 h, 4.90 ± 0.13 h, 2.56 ± 0.25 μg/mL, 27.40 ± 1.54 (μg/mL) × h, 30.17 ± 2.17 L/kg, and 7.34 ± 1.21 L/(kg × h), respectively. After β‐glucuronidase hydrolysis to obtain total T, t1/2ke, Cmax, Tmax, AUC increased, while the V/F(c) and Cl(s) decreased. Study of the protein binding ability showed that T with 4 μg/mL concentration in goat plasma and in the albumin solution achieved a protein binding percentage of more than 95%, while in the solution of α‐1‐acid‐glycoprotein, the percentage was only about 49%. This result suggested that T might have much more potent binding ability with albumin than with α‐1‐acid‐glycoprotein, resulting from its acidic property. 相似文献
18.
Heo J Kattesh HG Roberts MP Morrow JL Dailey JW Saxton AM 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(1):208-215
Plasma cortisol, porcine corticosteroid-binding globulin (pCBG), hepatic CBG expression, and other physiological and behavioral measures of stress were studied in pigs in response to elevated temperature in conjunction with establishing a social hierarchy. Twenty-four crossbred pigs were weaned at 25 d of age (three or six pigs from six sows) and housed in littermate groups at 23 +/- 2 degrees C. At 57 d of age (d 0), animals were weighed and placed under general anesthesia for collection of blood (10 mL) and liver (approximately 100 mg) samples. On d 1, three unacquainted pigs of similar BW (23 +/- 1 kg) from different litters were allotted to each of eight nursery pens within two environmentally controlled rooms (12 pigs per room). From d 1 to 7, one room was maintained at 23 +/- 2 degrees C (CON) and the other at 33 +/- 2 degrees C (HEAT). Both rooms were kept at 23 +/- 2 degrees C from d 8 to 14. Animals were videotaped for 72 h beginning on d 1 and 8 to document behavioral changes in response to room temperature. The social hierarchy of pigs within each pen was based on fight activity recorded on d 1 to 3. Blood and liver tissue were collected again on d 7 and 14. The ADG for HEAT pigs increased (P < 0.05) over d 8 to 14 compared with d 1 to 7. In contrast to CON pigs, HEAT pigs displayed increased (P < 0.01) drinking but decreased feeding and lying in contact with other pigs from d 1 to 3, and similar drinking and feeding but increased (P < 0.01) lying with contact behaviors from d 8 to 10. With the exception of subordinate pigs exhibiting less (P < 0.05) frequent standing/walking behavior than the dominant or intermediate pigs on d 1 to 3, frequency of behaviors for both recorded time periods did not differ among pigs due to social status, regardless of treatment. The concentration of plasma haptoglobin in HEAT pigs on d 7 compared with d 0 increased (467 vs. 763 mg/L; P < 0.05), whereas cortisol and pCBG decreased (274 vs. 235 nmol/L and 11.4 vs. 9.9 mg/L, respectively; P < 0.05) as a result of treatment. The free cortisol index (total cortisol/pCBG) was greater (P < 0.05) in HEAT pigs on d 14 than on d 0 or 7. Hepatic CBG mRNA level was not affected by treatment. On d 14, HEAT pigs had plasma cortisol, pCBG, and haptoglobin concentrations similar to those of CON pigs. These results indicate that measured behavioral and physiological responses were not related to social status, and decreased circulating levels of cortisol and pCBG in pigs following a 7-d exposure to elevated temperature may not be determined by hepatic CBG mRNA expression. 相似文献
19.
The determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of tramadol in plasma and a better characterization of its metabolites after oral administration to horses is necessary to design dosage regimens to achieve target plasma concentrations that are associated with analgesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and elimination pattern in urine of tramadol and its metabolites after oral administration to horses. Tramadol was administered orally to six horses and its half-life, Tmax and Cmax in plasma were 10.1, 0.59 h, and 132.7 ng/mL, respectively. The half-life, Tmax and Cmax for M1 in plasma were 4.0, 0.59 h, and 28.0 ng/mL, respectively. Tramadol and its metabolites were detectable in urine between 1 and 24 h after the administration. In conclusion, the PK data reported in this study provides information for the design of future studies of tramadol in horses. 相似文献
20.
Taniguchi K Koida A Mutoh K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(1):65-70
Although it has been reported that specific proteins are present to take charge in the gustation in the taste buds, there have been only a few reports on the distribution of glycoconjugates binding to glycoproteins on the cellular membranes of the taste cells. In the present study, therefore, binding patters of 24 biotinylated lectins were examined in the three types of lingual papillae in five species of mammals belonging to different orders: cow (artiodactyl), horse (perissodactyl), monkey (primate), dog (carnivore) and mouse (rodent). As the results, lectin binding patterns were different among circumvallate, foliate and fungiform papillae, among the cells of the taste buds, and among animal species. These findings suggest that the different binding patterns of the lectins in the taste papillae and taste bud cells may be involved in different sensitivities of taste among mammalian species. 相似文献