鸡传染性法氏囊病实验室诊断技术研究近况

鸡传染性法氏囊病实验室诊断技术研究近况（安徽农业大学）韩学毛，谢三星鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）是一种急性、接触性传染病。主要危害雏鸡和育成鸡。病原是传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ），由双股ＲＮＡ组成，无囊膜。淋巴组织、法氏囊为病毒侵害的主要器官。该病发...     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒常用检测技术概述

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）引起的一种主要危害雏鸡的免疫抑制性传染病。本病发病率高,发生本病的鸡场,常常出现新城疫、马立克氏病等疫苗接种的免疫失败,这种免疫抑制现象常使发病率和死亡率急剧上升。因此快速准确地检测鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）,对正确诊断、预防鸡传染性法氏囊病,降低养殖户的经济损失十分重要。本文将就鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒常用的检测技术进行分类介绍。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的发病特点及诊断

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）又称鸡传染性腔上囊病,是由传染性法氏囊病毒（IBDV）引起的急性、接触传染性疾病。此病主要侵害鸡的体液免疫中枢器官法氏囊等淋巴组织,因此该病的危害不仅表现在疫病本身,更重要的是引起鸡体的免疫机能障碍,影响各种疫苗的免疫应答,甚至导致免疫失败。     

免疫胶体金试纸膜和AGP检测vvIBDV GX株在SPF鸡体内的侵染性变化规律

对28日龄无特定病原(SPF)鸡通过点眼、滴鼻方式人工感染了传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)超强毒株GX;自感染第2天至第9天,每天用免疫胶体金试纸膜和琼脂扩散试验(AGP)两种方法检测九种组织(法氏囊、脾脏、胸腺、肾脏、肝脏、盲肠、扁桃体、肺脏、心脏、直肠内容物)的病毒含量变化,初步探索出传染性法氏囊病病毒在鸡体内各组织的侵染性变化规律。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫失败原因分析及防控策略

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）引起的一种严重危害雏鸡的急性、高度接触性、病毒性传染病,也是鸡的一种重要的免疫抑制性疾病。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫失败原因分析及防控策略

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）引起的一种严重危害雏鸡的急性、高度接触性、病毒性传染病,也是鸡的一种重要的免疫抑制性疾病。     

鸡传染性贫血病的研究进展

鸡传染性贫血病（CIA）是由鸡传染性贫血病毒（CIAV）引起的一种以雏鸡再生障碍性贫血和全身淋巴组织萎缩为主要特征的病毒性传染病。它和马立克氏病病毒（MDV）、传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）、网状内皮增生症病毒（REV）、禽白血病病毒（ALV）和禽呼肠孤病毒（ARV）是危害养鸡业最常见的免疫抑制性病毒。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的PCR检测法

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术直接检测鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒，可快速、特异及敏感地检出实验毒株和病鸡法氏囊内存在的微量病毒核酸。对病鸡、进口种鸡的实测结果表明，本法对诊断鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒具有重要的实用意义     

鸡传染性法氏囊病与大肠杆菌病混合感染的诊治

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是由传染性法氏囊病毒（IB—DV）引起的鸡和火鸡的一种急性、接触性、免疫抑制性疾病,发病率高,病程短,具有“一过性”的特点。鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是于1957年由Gosgrove在美国首次发现的,1962年Cosgrove首先报道了此病,同年Hitchner把法氏囊病料接种于鸡胚,成功地分离到病原,称为“传染性法氏囊因子”,1970年,在世界禽病会议上,     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒人工感染雏鸡法氏囊的病理学动态观察

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒人工感染雏鸡法氏囊的病理学动态观察任玉红宁官宝（山西农业大学动物医学系，太谷０３０８０１）传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）是鸡的一种由病毒引起的急性、接触性传染病。主要导致鸡体法氏囊淋巴细胞坏死而引起免疫抑制，使鸡对其它传染病易感性增强，...     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.