种子萌发期紫花苜蓿秋眠级与耐热性的关系

为了探明高温胁迫对不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响,在25和35℃条件下,对14个不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种种子进行萌发试验,以发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根鲜重和发芽势为指标,结合协方差分析、模糊隶属函数和聚类分析统计方法,对各紫花苜蓿品种萌发期耐热性进行分析和综合评价。结果表明：高温胁迫对不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿的种子萌发有影响,高秋眠级品种赛迪10的耐热最强,其发芽指数、活力指数、胚根鲜重、发芽势和发芽率在14个参试品种中最高,分别为67.78、66.70、0.98g、99.33%和92.89%;聚类分析的结果表明,14个品种萌发期耐热性可划分为3类,耐热性较强的品种为标秆、WL903、1075、三得利、赛迪10和赛阔,耐热性较弱的品种为Power、猎人河和阿尔冈金,其余品种耐热性一般;在种子萌发阶段,高秋眠级类型的紫花苜蓿品种表现较强的耐热性,低秋眠级类型的品种耐热性较弱。种子活力指数可作为评价紫花苜蓿萌发期耐热性强弱的有效指标。     

水淹对不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿苗期生物学特性的影响

采用盆栽模拟水淹处理试验方法,探究水淹处理对4个不同秋眠等级紫花苜蓿苗期生物学特性的影响,旨在为紫花苜蓿耐涝型研究提供基础材料。研究表明,全淹处理对紫花苜蓿的抑制作用大于表土水淹,适度的表土水淹促进植物的生长,而过度的表土水淹则抑制紫花苜蓿的生长,不同秋眠等级的紫花苜蓿的耐涝性之间存在着差异性。本研究最后采用隶属函数对其耐淹性进行综合评价,结果表明WL-525HQ的耐淹性最强,WL-354HQ次之,WL-168HQ的耐淹性最弱。     

播量和品种对紫花苜蓿决策指数的影响

为科学全面评价苜蓿生产性能,试验采用裂区试验设计,以播量(15.0、22.5、30.0kg/hm~2)为主区,以8个不同秋眠级的苜蓿品种为副区,采用决策指数法对干物质产量、营养品质进行综合分析和量化评估。结果表明:(1)随着播种量的增加,决策指数先升高后降低,表现出22.5kg/hm~230.0kg/hm215.0kg/hm~2的趋势。(2)从品种角度看,先行者的根据决策指数最高,排第1位,其次是WL-525HQ,第3是WL-343HQ。(3)秋眠型决策指数最高,但之间差异不大,其仅比最低的半秋眠型高0.82%。结果提示:根据决策指数,在生产中播种量应选择22.5kg/hm~2,品种应选择先行者、WL-525HQ和WL-343HQ。     

南涧县紫花苜蓿引种试验研究

2007年,南涧县畜牧局先后引进了12个秋眠级较高的紫花苜蓿品种开展品种比较试验,通过连续3年对各试验品种的物候期、抗逆性、不同时期株高、产草量、鲜干比、茎叶比等数据的测定和分析研究,筛选出适宜在无浇灌条件下的南涧山区进行大面积推广种植的3个紫花苜蓿品种:IS - 1085(秋眠级8.5级)、WL525HQ(秋眠级8级)和Maximus(秋眠级8级),为南涧县下一步实施良田好地种草,建设生态农业项目提供科学的理论依据.     

不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿叶片响应渍水胁迫的代谢组学分析

为明确渍水胁迫对不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)叶片代谢的影响，本研究以两个不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种‘SK 3010’(秋眠级2.5)和‘WL 525HQ’(秋眠级8.0)为材料，通过液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)技术的代谢组学方法测定分析了渍水胁迫下叶片代谢产物的变化。结果表明：渍水胁迫下，‘SK 3010’的代谢途径主要富集在苯丙氨酸代谢，酪氨酸代谢以及生物碱合成等；‘WL 525HQ’主要富集在丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢，D-氨基酸代谢，氨酰生物合成等代谢路径，其中谷氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺等代谢产物含量显著上调。因此，丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢，D-氨基酸代谢，氨酰生物合成等代谢路径提高了紫花苜蓿的耐渍性，为不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿耐渍性差异机制研究提供重要理论依据。     

5个紫花苜蓿品种在川中丘陵地区的适应性

在川中丘陵区遂宁市河沙镇和天保镇,对‘西部之星’、‘WL-525HQ’、‘WL-440HQ’、‘WL-656HQ’和‘昆德拉’5个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种进行适应性研究,旨在筛选出适宜川中丘陵地区种植的品种。结果表明:‘WL-525HQ’在两试验地株高、平均生长速度均显著高于其他品种(P <0.05);‘西部之星’在河沙镇和天保镇干草产量分别为5 458和4 138 kg·hm–2,均显著高于其他品种(P <0.05)。‘WL-525HQ’在河沙镇和天保镇粗蛋白含量(21.93%、22.47%)、可溶性碳水化合物含量(5.60%、5.60%)均显著高于其他品种(P <0.05),且‘WL-525HQ’在河沙镇和天保镇酸性洗涤纤维含量(31.95%、31.15%)均显著低于其他品种(P <0.05);‘WL-440HQ’在河沙镇和天保镇中性洗涤纤维含量分别为39.27%和39.89%,均显著低于其他品种(P <0.05);隶属函数综合分析得出两试验地均以‘WL-525HQ’隶属度最高,分别为0.8和0.9。综上,‘WL-525HQ’表现...     

覆雪厚度对不同苜蓿品种越冬率及产草量的影响

选择秋眠级为2级的皇后(Alfaqueen)、5级的巨能551(Magna551)、8级的WL525HQ和10级的赛迪10(Sardi10)紫花苜蓿,设定0、10和15cm 3个覆雪厚度处理,通过动态观测紫花苜蓿冠层处及田间土层(1~10cm)的温度变化,测定其越冬率、分枝数和产草量。结果表明,无积雪覆盖时秋眠型(2级的皇后)和半秋眠型(5级的巨能551)紫花苜蓿品种越冬率分别为64%和59%,而非秋眠型(8级的WL525HQ和10级的赛迪10)紫花苜蓿品种全部死亡。覆雪厚度10cm即可以保证除赛迪10(秋眠10级)外的苜蓿安全越冬,且越冬率均在90%以上;随着覆雪厚度的增加,积雪对紫花苜蓿冠层温度及根颈下土层温度有显著影响,能显著提高各秋眠级紫花苜蓿的越冬率及产草量(P0.05)。综合评价认为,无论在有无覆雪的条件下,半秋眠型(5级的巨能551)紫花苜蓿都表现出良好的越冬率及产草量,适宜在石河子地区进行推广种植。     

不同紫花苜蓿营养成分比较试验

本试验对两个紫花苜蓿品种--盛世和WL-525HQ的主要营养成分(干样干物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维,粗蛋白、粗脂肪)进行分析比较,结果表明:盛世全株的风干样干物质含量高于WL-525HQ,差异极显著(P＜0.01),酸性洗涤纤维的含量也高于WL-525HQ,差异显著(P＜0.05);WL-525HQ茎的中性洗涤纤维含量高于盛世,差异显著(P＜0.05); WL-525HQ叶的中性洗涤纤维的含量比盛世的高,差异显著(P＜0.05);在全株、茎、叶的盛世和WL-525HQ营养成分中表明,叶的各项营养成分含量都高于全株、茎的营养成分含量.     

优良豆科牧草紫花苜蓿WL-525在广西地区引种利用研究

为了解决广西地区高产优质紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种缺乏的问题,试验引进12个紫花苜蓿品种,经过多年的品种比较试验、区域试验以及生产试验,测定了株高、产量、营养含量、饲喂效果等指标,筛选出冬季不休眠、优质高产的豆科牧草紫花苜蓿WL-525。结果表明:紫花苜蓿WL-525适应性广,耐热,丰产性能好,年平均鲜草产量高达46 528.0 kg/hm2,比其他品种高12.6%~47.2%;此外,紫花苜蓿WL-525生长速度快,蛋白质含量高达26.5%,氨基酸总量为19.59%,赖氨酸含量达1.58%,具有较高的营养价值,是适于在广西地区推广种植的优良豆科牧草品种。     

覆雪厚度对不同秋眠级苜蓿抗寒性及越冬率的影响

本试验旨在研究覆雪厚度对不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿抗寒性及越冬率的影响,选择秋眠级分别为2级的皇后(Alfaqueen)、5级的巨能551(Magna551)、8级的WL525HQ和10级的赛迪10(Sardi10)紫花苜蓿,设定0,10和15 cm三个覆雪厚度处理,通过动态观测紫花苜蓿根冠处及田间土层(1~10 cm)的温度、根颈中丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖(WSC)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量及越冬率。结果表明,无积雪覆盖时低秋眠级(2和5级)紫花苜蓿越冬率分别为:64%和59%;而高秋眠级(8和10级)紫花苜蓿全部死亡。覆雪厚度10 cm即可以保证除秋眠级10(赛迪10)外的苜蓿安全越冬,且越冬率均在90%以上。随着覆雪厚度的增加,积雪对紫花苜蓿根冠及根颈下土层温度有显著影响,能显著提高各秋眠级紫花苜蓿的越冬率(P<0.05),降低MDA的含量,增加非/极非秋眠型的紫花苜蓿根颈中SP和WSC的含量。运用隶属函数综合评价,无覆雪条件下苜蓿品种的抗寒性及越冬率顺序为:皇后>巨能551;覆雪厚度10 cm下苜蓿的抗寒性及越冬率顺序为:巨能551>皇后>WL525HQ>赛迪10;覆雪厚度15 cm下苜蓿的抗寒性及越冬率顺序为:巨能551>皇后=WL525HQ=赛迪10。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …