三江源区生态移民聚居点藏羊反季节舍饲育肥试验研究

在三江源区由燕麦干草基础日粮条件下,分别添加精料补充料300 g/(只.日)和400 g/(只.日),对14～15月龄藏羊进行60 d短期育肥,日增重分别达到156.00 g和174.67 g,比仅喂基础饲料的对照组(54.67 g)分别提高了85.36%和119.51%;饲料转化率分别提高53.35%和55.33%;经济效益提高了40.58元和41.60元。有利于生态移民在冬春季节开展多种形式的藏羊生产,提高生态移民区的经济效益和生态效益。     

不同饲料配方育肥藏羔羊效果对比试验

采用不同饲料配方对80只12月龄放牧藏羔羊(其中40只纯藏羔羊,40只含75%藏羊血液藏陶杂交羊)进行90 d全舍饲育肥,两组试验羊每天供给相同量精粗料,试验结果表明,藏羔羊试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组试验末增重分别为12.78 kg和8.85 kg,试验Ⅰ组较试验Ⅱ组提高3.93 kg;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组羊日增重分别为142 g和98 g,试验Ⅰ组比试验Ⅱ组提高44g,差异显著(P0.05)。藏陶羊试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组总增重分别为14.36 kg和13 kg,试验Ⅰ组较试验Ⅱ组提高1.36kg,差异不显著(P0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组羊日增重分别为159.56g和144.44 g,试验Ⅰ组比试验Ⅱ组提高15.12 g。同时,试验Ⅰ组羊育肥经济效果高于试验Ⅱ组。表明试验Ⅰ组饲料配方更适于本地藏羔羊育肥生产,具有较高的推广价值。     

青海牧区藏羊高效养殖技术的效益估算

藏羊高效养殖技术是青海在生态畜牧业建设实践中形成的重大综合性配套技术,算清楚该技术的经济效益和生态效益可为该技术的进一步推广和各界决策提供依据。文章从畜牧生产学、经济学和生态学等多重视角,运用简化模型估算了藏羊高效养殖的经济和生态价值,结果表明:(1)高效养殖的母羊平均收益168元/(只.年),较传统放牧高7倍;(2)实行高效养殖时,每只羔羊可产生500元的间接经济效益;(3)每只藏羊通过草地影响的生态系统服务价值在150000元以上。说明该技术既有直接经济效益,也有间接经济效益,还能影响生态效益,值得大力推广。     

未破壁蜂花粉对绵羊生长性能、免疫力和经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究未破壁蜂花粉对绵羊生长性能、免疫力和经济效益的影响。试验选取体重（36.53±3.81） kg的湖羊母羊30只,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复2只羊。对照组（CK组）羊饲喂基础日粮,各试验组羊分别饲喂添加2 (A组)、5 (B组)、8 (C组)、11 g/(只·d)(D组)的未破壁蜂花粉的基础日粮。试验期40 d,其中预试期10 d,正式试验期30 d。结果显示,与CK组对比,B组湖羊平均日采食量极显著降低（P<0.01）。与CK组相比,A组湖羊血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)含量显著上升（P<0.05）,免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量极显著上升（P<0.01）;B组和C组血清IgG含量显著上升（P<0.05）。与CK组对比,A组、B组、C组和D组饲料总成本分别增加-1.29%、3.99%、17.83、31.66%,增重收益分别增加33.33%、6.67%、-6.67%和-11.79%,经济效益分别增加124.61%、13.72%、-71.23%、-126.33%。研究表明,绵羊适当饲喂未破壁蜂花粉可降低饲料投入,提升绵羊生长性能、血清免疫功能和经济效...     

精料补饲量对卡拉库尔羊育肥效果的影响

将24只卡拉库尔羊分为3个处理组,按300g/(只·d)、400g/(只·d)、500g/(只·d)3个水平添加精料,自由采食棉籽壳,研究不同精料添加量对卡拉库尔羊生产性能的影响。结果表明,3组试验羊全期平均日增重分别为95.66g、139.79g、148.41g,第2、3组极显著高于第1组(P0.01),而2组与3组间差异不显著(P0.05);在本试验的日粮条件下,每天饲喂400g精料时的饲料转化效率最高。     

中药饲料添加剂对甘南藏羊免疫功能及氨基酸和脂肪酸的影响

试验旨在研究中药饲料添加剂对甘南藏羊免疫功能、氨基酸及和免疫功能的影响。随机对60头藏羊分为6组,分为3个对照组和3个试验组,每组10头藏羊。在试验组的基础日粮中按1%添加本地取材的七味中药饲料添加剂。预试期10 d,正式试验期90 d。结果显示对照组相比与试验组甘南藏羊的免疫功能、氨基酸及脂肪酸均显著提高(P<0.05)。试验表明,在甘南藏羊日粮中添加中药饲料添,对甘南藏羊的免疫功能、氨基酸及的及脂肪酸有明显的改善,添加不同剂量的中药材有利于藏羊的健康发展。     

不同过瘤胃氨基酸-脂肪复合物添加水平对山羊饲料养分消化率及氮排泄的影响

为研究不同过瘤胃氨基酸-脂肪复合物添加水平对山羊饲料养分消化率的影响,试验选用4只体重为(59.80±3.23)kg、体况良好的成年崂山山羊公羊,采用拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加60 g/d.只、120 g/d.只和180 g/d.只过瘤胃氨基酸-脂肪复合物。试验共分为4期,每期14 d,其中预饲期7 d,正式期7 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组能够明显提高日粮养分消化率。其中,120 g/d.只组山羊对饲料干物质、有机物、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率均显著提高(P<0.05);180 g/d.只组除酸性洗涤纤维外,其他养分消化率均显著提高(P<0.05),并且粗脂肪消化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);在氮排泄方面,各试验组排出氮占食入氮含量较对照组均有不同程度下降,60 g/d.只组下降0.93%(P>0.05),120 g/d.只组下降6.24%(P<0.01),180 g/d.只组下降2.27%(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加不同水平的过瘤胃氨基酸-脂肪复合物有助于提高山羊日粮中养分消化率,促进氮的沉积,降低了氮的排出量,经回归分析结果表明添加量为117～150 g/d时对提高山羊日粮养分消化率的效果最佳。     

不同生态饲料配方饲喂新品系黑山羊育肥效果与经济效益分析

采用不同的生态饲料配方在舍饲圈养条件下进行黑山羊育肥试验,以研究不同配方对黑山羊育肥的效果,并进行了经济效益分析。结果表明,各试验组日增重与对照组（CK）比较,只有E组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,其他试验组均差异显著（P〈0.05）,其中,最高的为C组（246.32 g/只）,最小的为对照组（186.24 g/只）,C组比对照组多增重60.08 g/只,提高了32.20%;A组、B组、D组、E组与对照组相比,也分别提高了20.01%、10.13%、12.09%、2.15%;总采食量最大的为E组（2 951.65 kg）,最小的为A组（1 339.50 kg）;平均日采食量最大的为E组[3.28 kg/（d·只）],最小的为A组[1.49 kg/（d·只）];在育肥经济效益上,C组经济效果最佳,比对照组提高了72.67%。因此,C组的配方是较为符合山羊现代生态养殖的饲养配方,具有较为广阔的推广应用前景。     

复合预混合饲料对水貂促生长作用研究

为研究以蛋氨酸、维生素A、D和E为主要原料配合而成的复合预混合饲料对生长期水貂促生长作用。选择体重、胎次、体况相近的新生生长期水貂公、母各140只,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组喂以基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮基础上按2.5 g/(d.只)比例添加复合预混合饲料进行饲喂试验。试验结果显示:在试验期内试验组公貂和母貂平均体重分别高于对照组,尤其在试验进行到45 d时,试验组公貂和母貂体增重与对照组相比分别提高12.12%和9.15%,达显著水平(P<0.05)。试验期内,试验组公貂和母貂平均日增重比对照组分别提高42.64%和34.92%。复合预混合饲料对生长期水貂具有很好的促生长作用。     

陶藏杂一代羔羊与藏羔羊育肥效果比较研究

试验选择体重相近、健康良好的无角陶赛特羊与藏羊杂一代羔羊28只,藏羊羔羊15只进行育肥,测定其育肥效果。结果表明,试验组绝对增重、平均日增重和相对增重分别比对照组提高4．35kg、72．5g／d和23．87％,差异显著（P〈0．05）;试验组胴体重、屠宰率分别较对照组提高4．55kg和4．74％,差异显著（P〈0．05）,试验组GR值和眼肌面积分别较对照组提高2．12cm。和0．7mm,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;经济效益分析表明,育肥后杂一代羊较藏羊多收入174．0元／只。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。