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研究了培养基、pH、温度及水势对松林下常见外生菌根真菌牛肝菌(Boletus sp.)和乳菇(Lactariussp.)生长的影响。结果表明,在所选择的培养基上,两种菌株都能生长,在添加维生素类物质的天然培养基上,生长旺盛;对pH适应范围较广;L.sp.在弱碱性条件下生长较好,而B.sp.在弱酸性条件下生长较好;温度对菌株生长影响较大,两种菌株最适生长温度均为25℃;极端水势条件下,L.sp.和B sp.均不能生长,轻度水分胁迫能促进L.sp.和B.sp.的生长。L.sp.是一种适应性较强的菌株。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌的外生菌丝对土壤水稳性团聚体形成的影响 总被引:29,自引:1,他引:28
应用三室根箱装置 ,研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌 Glomus mosseae和 Glomus versiform对玉米根分泌物以及菌根真菌外生菌丝对沙土的水稳性大团聚体形成的作用。结果表明 :接种 Glom us mosseae和 Glomus versiform提高了玉米根系分泌物的总量 ,进而增加了根系粘结的土壤重量。菌根菌丝对土壤中 5~ 2 mm水稳性大团聚体形成的贡献为 10 0 % ;在土壤中菌根菌丝的密度分布与 2~ 1mm水稳性团聚体的含量分布是一致的 ,都表现出随着距离根系表面距离的增加而增加的趋势。这些结果说明菌根菌丝直接促进了土壤团聚体的形成 ,对 5~ 2 m m水稳性大团聚体而言 ,没有菌根菌丝的作用就不能形成 ;菌根菌丝对 5~ 2 mm和 2~ 1m m水稳性团聚体的形成主要是通过其分泌物粘结和菌丝网络对土壤的缠绕作用所致 ,菌根菌丝对这两种水稳性团聚体形成的贡献甚至超过了根系的作用。 相似文献
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沉水植物与环境关系评述 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
综述了沉水植物在水生态系统中的环境价值和渔业价值,生物环境与非生物环境因子对沉水植物的影响,以及受损水域中重建沉水植被的研究进展。 相似文献
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Ectomycorrhizal(EM) fungi could form symbiosis with plant roots and participate in nutrient absorption; however, many EM species commonly found in forest soils, where phosphorus(P) concentration and availability are usually very low, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, have not yet been investigated for their efficiencies to mobilize soil P. In this study, fungal growth, P absorption,efflux of protons and organic acids, and soil P depletion by four isolates of EM fungi isolated either from acidic or calcareous soils were compared in pure liquid culture using soil as a sole P source. Boletus sp. 7(Bo 7), Lactarius deliciosus 3(Ld 3), and Pisolithus tinctorius 715(Pt 715) from acidic and P-deficient soils of southwestern China showed higher biomass and P concentration and accumulation than Cenococcum geophilum 4(Cg 4) from a calcareous soil of Inner Mongolia, northern China, after 4 weeks of liquid culture. Oxalate, malate, succinate, acetate, and citrate concentrations in the culture solutions varied significantly with fungal species,and oxalate accounted for 51.5%–91.4% of the total organic acids. Organic acids, particularly oxalate, in the culture solutions may lead to the solubilization of iron-bound P(Fe-P), aluminum-bound P(Al-P), and occluded P(O-P) from soil phosphates. Fungal species also varied greatly in proton efflux, which decreased the culture solution pH and may dissolve calcium-bound P(Ca-P) in soil.This could be the reason for the increment of both inorganic P in the culture solutions and Olsen P in the soil when EM fungi were present. Total inorganic P, the sum of Al-P, Fe-P, O-P, and Ca-P, in the culture solutions was positively correlated with the total concentration of organic acids in the culture solutions(r = 0.918*, n = 5), but negatively with both the total inorganic P in soil(r =-0.970**, n = 5) and the culture solution pH(r =-0.830*, n = 5). These suggested variable efficiencies of EM fungal species to mobilize inorganic P fractions from soil, which could make EM trees to utilize inorganic P in the same way like EM fungi and adapt to the soils with various P concentrations and availabilities. 相似文献
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内外生菌根真菌对重金属的耐受性及机理 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
本文从内外生菌根真菌对重金属的耐受性和耐受机理,以及将菌根真菌作为重金属污染程度的生物指示剂和重金属生物修复等方面对菌根真菌和重金属的相互作用作了较全面的论述。重金属对生物圈的污染是一个严重的环境和健康问题。某些内外生菌根真菌对重金属具有耐受性。菌根真菌菌丝能与金属相结合而限制它们向菌根植物地上部迁移,从而可达到植物稳定和保护植物免遭重金属毒害的目的。内外生菌根真菌对重金属的耐受性因菌种、重金属种类和浓度、与宿主植物共生与否以及所生长的土壤条件等而异,同时种内菌株之间也有差异。菌根真菌通过离子交换,络合物的形成,沉淀或结晶化作用等方式获得对重金属的耐受性,其子实体内重金属含量,繁殖体密度和侵染势可作为重金属污染程度的生物指示剂。 相似文献
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In a previous study, we demonstrated that Suillus granulatus exhibits positive growth responses to added litter. From this, we hypothesized that this positive growth response (increased number of EM root tips) would be accompanied by increased activities of enzymes that enable EM fungi to utilize litter as a nutrient source. We tested this hypothesis by adding sterile litter in replicate treatment/control blocks, and assaying cellulase, laccase and phosphatase activities in the dominant fungal species, S. granulatus. We used healthy, growing EM roots for both treatment and control assays. Activities of all enzymes increased significantly in response to litter addition (P < 0.05 laccase; P < 0.01 cellulase; P < 0.001 phosphatase). Hence, litter accumulation apparently causes functional as well as structural changes to the EM fungal community that would significantly affect carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. 相似文献
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Jun Deng;Yiwen Zhou;Lin Chu;Yujie Wei;Zhaoxia Li;Tianwei Wang;Cuiting Dai 《国际水土保持研究(英文)》2023,11(3):507-517
Socioeconomic development induced nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has aroused an increasing concern, however, most of the previous studies were concentrated on the impacts of environmental determinants. Here, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations from 13 sampling sites were collected biweekly from January 2018 to October 2021, and 26 potential factors including environmental and socioeconomic were considered in the Wangjiaqiao watershed of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Impacts of these factors on TN and TP were evaluated by partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. It showed that average TN and TP concentrations in wet seasons (TN,14.68 mg L−1; TP, 0.113 mg L−1) were higher than that in dry seasons (TN, 11.73 mg L−1; TP, 0.087 mg L−1). Additionally, the TN concentrations were greater in downstream than upstream, however, the highest TP concentrations were found in the middle of the watershed. The optimal PLSR model explained 69.6%, 73.1% and 66.1% of the variance in TN concentration, as well as 65.7%, 79.5% and 67.4% of the variance in TP concentration during the annual, dry and wet seasons, respectively. Moreover, TN was primarily influenced by topographic wetness index, planting structure, interspersion and juxtaposition index, orchard proportion, nitrogen fertilization, per capita income, and catchment area, whereas TP was mainly controlled by slope gradient, topographic wetness index, hypsometric integral, interspersion and juxtaposition index, and population density. Collectively, environmental factors had greater impacts on the TN and TP concentrations than socioeconomic factors. Raising farmers' awareness of the hazards of NPS pollution is beneficial to watershed NPS pollution control. 相似文献
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The rhizobia-legume symbiosis is the main source of fixed nitrogen for many agricultural systems. However, it is inhibited by low soil temperature. To date, research on nodulation has involved either qualitative or destructive analyses. The use of computer-based image analysis potentially allows nodules to be followed during the course of development. Seedlings of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) were transplanted into plastic growth pouches suspended in water baths maintained at 10, 15, 20 or 25 °C. Two days after transplanting, all plants were inoculated with appropriate rhizobial strains. Seven days after inoculation, plant roots were scanned; this was repeated weekly for 7 weeks. Data on nodule length were collected through image analysis. Nodule length was correlated with nodule size and development. There were increases in the precision of estimates of environmental effects through observation of individual nodule development, as opposed to averages for populations of nodules. The effects of root temperature on nodulation and nodule development were observed both in the delayed onset of nodulation and in reduced subsequent nodule growth rate, resulting in effects on final nodule size. 相似文献
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土壤有机质对疏水性有机污染物的非线性吸附及其影响因素 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
土壤有机质(SOM)是土壤的重要组成部分,它对疏水性有机污染物(HOCs)的吸附作用对污染物在环境中的迁移转化有着至关重要的影响。近年来的一些研究表明,HOCs在SOM上的吸附行为并不严格地符合传统的线性分配模型。本文综述了近年来一些学者提出的SOM对HOCs的非线性吸附作用的机制及其影响因素,认为SOM的组成和结构均对HOCs的吸附有着重要的影响。SOM吸附在土壤矿物表面后,其结构或各组分的比例发生了改变,从而对其本身的吸附作用产生影响。溶液的化学环境(主要是阳离子)会对SOM的结构和吸附作用产生影响,特别是当溶液中存在一些过渡金属(如,铜或银)的离子时,共吸附的金属离子可能会与多环芳烃类分子形成阳离子-π键的作用,从而促进多环芳烃类物质在SOM上的吸附。 相似文献
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双草醚在稻田土壤中的降解及其影响因子的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用了实验室模拟方法研究了双草醚在不同土壤中的降解动态。结果表明,在未灭菌的土壤中,双草醚三种浓度(2.0、10.0、50.0mg kg-1)处理的半衰期为7.6~10.3d,远远小于在灭菌土壤中3种添加浓度处理的半衰期(43.3~61.9 d);双草醚在偏酸土壤中降解较快,随着土壤含水量的增加和环境温度的增高,双草醚降解速度加快。4种试验因子中土壤微生物是影响双草醚降解的主要因素,有利于土壤中微生物生长的环境因素,如偏酸的土壤、较高的温度和土壤湿度等,也能促进土壤中双草醚的降解。 相似文献
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通过逐个分析3种遮荫水平下各参数变化对番茄单叶水分利用效率(WUE)的影响表明,各环境因子以综合复杂的方式影响水分利用效率,其中气孔阻力和水汽压差随环境因子变化最为重要。夏季晴天午间遮荫处理的气孔阻力和水汽压差明显小于对照,气孔阻力的增加有利于提高单叶水分利用效率,但水汽压差的增大又使单叶水分利用效率降低。由于环境因子日变化的非对称性和2种机制的相互作用,导致3种遮荫水平下单叶水分利用效率的日变化呈浅“L”型,并在12:00~15:00时40%遮荫处理的单叶水分利用效率比对照平均增加22.9%,而75%遮荫处理的单叶水分利用效率平均比对照显著减少28.1%,表明夏季晴天午间充足供水条件下适度遮荫可提高番茄单叶水分利用效率。 相似文献
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对柑橘叶片气孔导度的模拟研究结果表明 ,柑橘叶片气孔导度的环境响应模型中环境变量至少需含有光合有效辐射在内的 2个及其以上的环境变量 ;在温度较适宜的生长季除光合有效辐射外 ,环境变量对模型精度影响程度依次为饱和水汽压差 >叶片温度 >空气CO2 浓度 ;在温度和空气CO2 浓度变化较大的季节模型精确度则受单一环境变量和变量间交互作用的影响 ;3月份柑橘叶片气孔导度对环境因子的响应可采用Jarvis模型的G(Qp)g(De)形式 ,而 7月、11月和 3~ 11月份则均可采用G(Qp)g(De)g(Tl)形式描述 相似文献
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为了解析氮沉降对草甸草原中小型土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响,于2010年在内蒙古呼伦贝尔市鄂温克旗贝加尔草甸草原设计了模拟氮沉降试验,研究了在8个氮沉降梯度N0(对照)、N15、N30、N50、N100、N150、N200和N300下土壤动物群落结构和多样性的变化以及与环境因子之间的关系。土壤动物于2019年牧草返青期(5月)、生长期(8月)和枯黄期(9月末)分别采集。结果表明,中小型土壤节肢动物具有明显的表聚特征,但随着施氮量的增加土壤动物群落有向深层土壤迁移的趋势。试验区植被生长期良好的水热条件更适合中小型土壤节肢动物群落发展。N200和N300处理下的土壤动物个体数、类群数及多样性指数均显著高于对照与氮沉降较低处理(P<0.05)。依据土壤动物优势类群和常见类群分布情况,采用主成分分析(PCA)将氮梯度划分为3组,N0~N150处理一组,N200和N300各为一组,研究表明N200分布类群最多。冗余分析(RDA)表明,速效钾、全氮、NO–3–N、p H、有机质和含水量是影响土壤动物群落分布的主要环境因子。总体而言,氮沉降对土壤动物群落发展有促进作用,但是存在阈值,本研究中氮沉... 相似文献