2个玉米人工合成群体S2主要性状的配合力分析

以48-2,9636,RP125为测验种,采用不完全双列杂交设计,对2个玉米人工合成群体S260个单株的配合力进行研究,以分析不同群体自交后代间、群体内S2株系间、株系内个体间配合力差异。结果表明,除株高、穗位高、行粒数外,其余性状GP-5 S2GCA优于GP-4 S2,多数性状群体内S2株系间GCA具有较大差异,株系内个体间经济性状GCA的差异远远大于农艺性状;不同性状及同一性状不同群体自交后代所配组合SCA效应值达显著或极显著差异的数目均有一定差异,且GCA与SCA无明显相关关系。55,57,89,93,105,107株系多数性状具有较高的GCA,可能有较大利用潜势。     

优质、抗逆甜玉米群体配合力及 遗传潜势分析

为了充分利用新近合成的优质、抗逆甜玉米群体,同时加速育种进程。试验采用不完全双列杂交设计,以2个自育超甜玉米骨干系作测验种,与63个穗行的75个单株杂交,配制组合150个,通过杂交组合鉴定试验、株系的食用品质及抗性等的鉴定评价,对群体配合力及遗传潜势进行了分析,结果发现在75个被测株中,36个株系的单株产量一般配合力为正,而通过对其产量相关性状、商品性及农艺性状一般配合力分析也发现,其GCA表现较好的株系比例接近或超过50%。结合株系自身表现,筛选获得9个苗头株系;同时根据杂交组合鉴定结果,获得8个苗头组合。综合群体内株系的配合力及群体自身表现,初步认为该群体优良基因频率较高,遗传变异较为丰富,具有较大利用潜力。     

遗传潜势分析

 为了充分利用新近合成的优质、抗逆甜玉米群体,同时加速育种进程。试验采用不完全双列杂交设计,以2个自育超甜玉米骨干系作测验种,与63个穗行的75个单株杂交,配制组合150个,通过杂交组合鉴定试验、株系的食用品质及抗性等的鉴定评价,对群体配合力及遗传潜势进行了分析,结果发现在75个被测株中,36个株系的单株产量一般配合力为正,而通过对其产量相关性状、商品性及农艺性状一般配合力分析也发现,其GCA表现较好的株系比例接近或超过50%。结合株系自身表现,筛选获得9个苗头株系;同时根据杂交组合鉴定结果,获得8个苗头组合。综合群体内株系的配合力及群体自身表现,初步认为该群体优良基因频率较高,遗传变异较为丰富,具有较大利用潜力。     

粗山羊草-硬粒小麦双二倍体农艺性状及细胞学特点研究

对从粗山羊草(DD)与硬粒小麦(AABB)合成的Am6双二倍体(AABBDD)后代中选育的30个株系的农艺性状和细胞学特点进行了分析。结果表明，30个株系在分蘖力、单株成穗数、抗病性、穗长等性状方面表现优异，在小麦遗传改良中具有利用价值。但大部分材料仍表现出一定的细胞学不稳定性。     

陆地棉抗枯、黄萎病性状配合力、遗传力的初步研究

本文以6个抗病品种和6个染病品种为亲本,组成6×6不完全双列杂交,对其抗枯、黄萎病性状的配合力遗传力进行研究。结果表明:1.12个陆地棉品种抗枯、黄萎病性状,亲本抗病性的一般配合力均比它们的特殊配合力重要。2.一般配合力高的性状,反映了亲本基因的加性效应占的比重较大,可有效地传递给后代。3.在杂种一代上,抗病品种和染     

利用分子标记辅助选择将抗稻瘟病基因Pi-9(t)渗入水稻恢复系泸恢17

本研究采用杂交和分子标记辅助选择技术,将亲本材料P2的水稻广谱高抗稻瘟病基因Pi-9(t)导入杂交水稻恢复系泸恢17,再利用抗稻瘟病基因Pi-9(t)的特异分子标记pB8检测该目的基因,获得68份携有Pi-9(t)基因型的回交株系。基因型鉴定表明株系WR1023、WR1043、WR1056和WR1062为均含有Pi-9(t)基因纯合的回交后代株系。表型分析表明WR1023和WR1056株系农业性状已稳定,且其株叶型、抗稻瘟病及配合力较好,我们认为可以用作育种抗性亲本材料。     

花培籼粳交恢复系泸恢7姊妹系间表型及遗传差异比较

本文比较了花培籼粳交恢复系泸恢１７的７个姊妹系主要性状的表型和遗传差异。结果表明，姊妹系间表型值仅每穗粒数、结实率及千粒重３个性状差异达显著水平。配合力分析表明，这些姊妹系间单株粒重、单株有效穗、结实率、千粒重及穗长５个性状的一般配合力存在显著或极显著差异，株系间的遗传差异大于表型差异。本文还对花培技术在选育实用籼粳交恢复系上的应用进行了讨论。     

普通小麦与小黑麦杂交后代农艺性状分析

对普通小麦{[(A)京引39A×75-3369]A2×806}A7×7269-10和小黑麦杂交后代的24个株系进行了农艺性状的调查和分析,发现在抗虫性、有效分蘖、生育期、株高和千粒重等性状上都表现了超亲的变异,增加了普通小麦常规育种的遗传资源,有利于进行新品系的选育。是一套具有筛选价值的远缘杂交后代株系。     

大花萱草‘黄油花’和‘粉秀客’杂交子代的鉴定与核型分析

为获得具有优良观赏性状的萱草新品种,以大花萱草‘黄油花’(H.‘Gleber’s Top Gream’)为母本,‘粉秀客’( H.‘Pink silk ruffle’)为父本进行杂交,获得了一些发生性状分离的杂交后代,对后代株系中性状较稳定的4个株系综合利用形态学观察和核型分析进行了杂种鉴定。结果表明：杂交后代遗传了父母本的形态学特征;双亲及其4个杂交后代均为二倍体(2n=2x=22),后代核型特征多介于父母本之间,以2B型为主。从形态学、细胞学方面证明杂交后代整合了亲本的遗传物质和表型特征,确定为真杂种,为利用大花萱草选育新品种提供了新的种质材料。     

三个玉米优异种质和育种素材创新的研究

玉米耐深播种质印第安兰粒的长根茎性状属核遗传控制，呈部分显性;基因的加性效应大于显性效应，不存在上位性，遗传力较高。根茎伸长至少受3对基因控制，早代施加深播种选择压力有良好育种效果。热带种质非洲IRAT，在所研究的11个性状中，以植株保绿度、茎秆硬度、子粒容重和抗病性的遗传变异系数，广义遗传力最大，相对遗传进度也最高，早代选择效果明显．玉米无叶舌性状受单隐性基因控制，属简单质量性状。利用无叶舌材料与综合种重组时，后代可选到茎叶夹角6．5～11．2度的株系．三个玉米种质创新育种素材，以综合种×外来种质／自交系后代选育效果最佳．试验还表明，长根茎有可能代替短根茎成为玉米育种的一个重要目标性状．应用温、热带玉米种质相互杂交，聚合二者优异性状，是拓宽种质基础，进行遗传改进的有效途径．选育综合性状优良的单、多基因控制的直立时自交系，组配耐密植杂交种，实现高配合力和高光效相结合的育种目标，是玉米超高产育种发展的方向．     

Fertility and germinability of seven parents of bromus inermis Leyss and in their diallel crosses when selfed,crossed or open-pollinated

Summary Self-, cross-, and open-pollination(OP)-fertility relationships were examined on the basis of seeds per panicle for two years. A fertility index was employed as a relative measure of self-fertility. The correlation between self-fertility and cross-fertility was positive and significant for both years. The association between self-fertility and OP-fertility was not significant in 1969 but significant in 1970 and over both years combined. Cross-fertility exhibited a significant and positive correlation with OP-fertility in 1969 but not in 1970. Inter-annual correlations for self-fertility, cross-fertility and OP-fertility in 1969 and 1970 were all positive and significant. The analysis of variance of self-pollination seed-set indicated highly significant differences for self-compatibility among clones for both years. Germinability of seed-set after self-pollination was lower than that of the cross- or open-pollinated seeds. General combining ability was more important than specific combining ability for cross-fertility in both years. However, specific combining ability appeared more important than other components for germinability of the diallel cross seeds.Research supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.     

羽衣甘蓝主要观赏性状配合力与遗传力分析

旨在为观赏羽衣甘蓝的杂种优势利用与优良新品种选育提供科学依据。以羽衣甘蓝2个雄性不育系为母本,7个高代自交系为父本,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计,配制了14个杂交组合,对株高、外叶数、心叶数、外叶开展度、心叶开展度、外叶叶形指数、心叶叶形指数7个观赏性状进行了配合力和遗传力的分析。结果表明：对于一般配合力,母本C6BZ在心叶数和外叶开展度的表现优于CD10;父本中,HZ1631和DFZ在心叶数、外叶开展度和心叶开展度的一般配合力较高。根据特殊配合力效应值选出较优良的4个杂交组合为CD10×DFZ、CD10×HZ1631、C6BZ×HZ1631和C6BZ×F0819。7个性状的广义遗传力均较高,均在50%以上。外叶叶形指数和心叶叶形指数的狭义遗传力均高于50%,这2个性状可在早期进行选择;而其他5个性状的狭义遗传力均较低,需在高代选择。通过本试验得出的参试母本系和自交系的一般配合力和特殊配合力,以及7个重要观赏性状的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力,可为利用杂种优势选育出优良的观赏羽衣甘蓝杂交种提供依据。     

模拟干旱胁迫下不同甘蓝型油菜品种发芽能力的配合力与遗传效应分析

选择7个干旱胁迫下发芽能力不同的甘蓝型油菜品种进行完全双列杂交, 将亲本及F₁代种子在10% PEG模拟干旱胁迫条件下发芽, 测定相对单株鲜重、相对茎长、相对成苗率、相对发芽率、相对发芽势和相对活力指数, 用Griffing I方法对发芽性状进行一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)遗传分析。结果表明, 一般配合力方差在42个组合间各性状达到了极显著水平, 特殊配合力方差在42个组合间除了相对活力指数外的各性状也达到了极显著水平。其中, 中双9号上述6性状的一般配合力效应值最高分别为0.0656、0.0708、0.1185、0.1048、0.1096和0.0861; 中双6号一般配合力效应虽然不高, 但其组合中双6号×西农长角和中双6号×中双10号的特殊配合力效应较高, 是耐旱性较强的组合。     

优质甘蓝型油菜黔油17号亲本原种的保优繁殖技术研究

通过优质甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系98-116 AB与父本ZW 99004单株成对杂交,并在F1代杂交组合进行配合力测定,获得高配合力的成对株系材料。根据优质杂交油菜新品种黔油17号母本98-116 AB及父本ZW 004的自身特点,分别在人工隔离和自然隔离条件下进行其原原种及原种的保优繁殖技术研究,保证亲本原始的优良种性,确保大面积生产中杂交种的质量以及品种的生产潜力。     

小麦收获前种子发芽敏感性配合力的研究

选用5个收获前穗发芽敏感性不同的白皮小麦亲本品种,进行双列杂交,研究了发芽敏感性的配合力。结果表明:小麦收获前种子发芽敏感性同时受加性和非加性基因效应影响,而加性基因效应起主导作用;亲本品种发芽敏感性的一般配合力存在极显著差异,杂交组合的特殊配合力和反交效应方差则有时显著,有时不显著;白皮小麦杂交当代种子,以     

甘蓝型油菜品质性状的配合力分析及低硫甙种质新开发的理论探讨

本研究以5个有代表性的甘蓝型油菜品种(系)进行双列杂交设计,采用 Griffing 方法1和2分别对其主要的品质性状含油量、硫甙总量和蛋白质含量进行了配合力分析,同时对这些性状的杂种优势和劣势问题进行了一些讨论。结果表明,含油量有少量的杂种优势可供利用,蛋白质含量表现为完全的杂种劣势,而控制硫甙总量的基因系统的显性效应     

夏大豆产量性状的遗传力和配合力分析

用６个夏大豆品种进行双列杂交试验，估算了主要产量性状的遗传力、配合力效应。结果表明：大豆有效分枝数，每荚粒数，百粒重的狭义遗传力较高，可以进行早代选择；单株数、单株产量的狭义遗传力较低，在中高世代进行选择效果较好。大豆产量性状的加性遗传效应都是主要的，并以单株产量表现较大的特殊配合力效应。新品系８５２１２．８４２４０Ｂ１、７７２４９都是高产育种较理想的亲本材料，尤以品系７７２４９育种的效果最佳。     

Combining ability of soybean (Glycine max) for low phosphorus tolerance on acidic soils of Western Ethiopia

Determining the gene actions governing the inheritance of traits of interest has paramount importance in designing a breeding approach to improve the progeny populations. This study was undertaken to determine the combining ability of nine selected parental lines in the F₂/F₃ segregating populations for low P tolerance. The experiment was laid out in an alpha lattice design in two locations, that is Mettu and Assossa of Western Ethiopia that are characterized by soils with low P and pH. General combining ability (GCA) effects were highly significant for grain yield, pod length, days to maturity and plant height, while specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant for grain yield, 100-seed weight, pod length and plant height. The parent Hardee-1 was identified as the best general combiner for yield, number of seeds per pod, pod length, plant height and pod number. The results suggest that additive gene action was important for several of the studied traits, implied by significant GCA effect, which might indicate selection for these traits could be effective in later segregating generations.     

Maternal and Genetic Effects on Seed Weight of Tomato, and Effects of Seed Weight on Growth of Genotypes of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

A study was made on the inheritance of seed weight of tomato, and on the effect of seed weight on growth of tomato plants. Use was made of 15 parental genotypes and 105 F₁s produced by diallel crossing (F₁-seeds). From combining ability analysis of variance carried out for weight of F₁-seeds it appeared that the weight of seeds harvested from tomato plants was mainly determined by the maternal genotype and largely independent of the genotype of the male parent. A combining ability analysis of variance for weight of seeds produced by seilfing F₁'s (F₂-seeds) showed, however, that female and male parents contributed equally to the inheritance of seed weight and that the inheritance of seed weight is determined mainly by chromosomal additiveiy acting factors, but that also non-additive gene action occurred. Genotypes with large seeds produced heavier seedlings than genotypes with small seeds, In later growth stages, the correlation between seed weight and plant weight became smaller, presumably, due to a lower relative growth rate of the seedlings from large seeds. For this reason, it is doubtful whether breeding of large seeded tomato cultivars opens up prospects of improving growth and yield of tomato plants.     

Analysis of diallel cross for some physical-quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The combining abilities for physical-quality traits in peanut were examined to understand the type of gene action governing these traits, and to identify peanut genotypes suitable for use as parents in breeding for quality improvement. The F₁ hybrids including reciprocals from a six-parent diallel cross along with the parents were evaluated in a randomised complete block design. Data were recorded on five quality traits in peanut viz., shelling outturn, 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, Count and proportion of sound mature seeds. Substantial genetic variability was observed among the hybrids for the traits studied. Diallel analysis indicated that expression of majority of the quality traits is regulated predominantly by additive gene action suggesting possibility of early-generation selection, while non-additive gene action also plays an equally important role in the control of seed size. Significant reciprocal effect for all the traits denoted role of maternal parent in the expression of quality traits and importance of parental selection in quality breeding. Genotypes ICGV 86564 and TPG 41 were good combiners for seed size, while J 11 was a good combiner for improvement of shelling outturn and proportion of mature seeds. Association between general combining ability (GCA) effects and mean performance suggested that the performance per se of the genotype should be a good indicator of its ability to transmit the desirable quality attributes to its progenies. Though performance of crosses was found to be independent of parental GCA status, it is evident that at least one of the parents used in hybridisation should have large pods and seeds for obtaining better segregants.