江西省稻渔综合种养产业发展特征及对策

为了解江西省稻渔综合种养产业发展状况,通过问卷调查方式,从产业发展基本特征、生产效益进行分析。结果表明,江西省稻渔综合种养以稻虾（占比70.77%）、稻鱼（占比15.16%）、稻蛙（占比6.59%）、稻鳖（占比4.79%）为主要模式,94.26%的稻渔综合种养土地规模在1~50 hm²之间,81.44%的稻渔综合种养以农场或合作社为经营主体。与传统稻作相比,稻渔综合种养模式综合收益平均增加5.30万元/hm²,化肥投入平均减少50.93%。15.27%的稻渔综合种养田为低产和冷浸田,有效提高了农村土地利用效率,社会效益显著。根据稻渔综合种养产业存在的问题,结合问卷调查中农户的建议,提出了应在政策、技术和品牌推广方面给予支持的建议。     

稻虾种养模式下水稻品种筛选及关键栽培技术

稻田养虾是一种绿色、生态、高效的农业种养模式。为筛选出适合海盐地区不同稻虾种养模式种植的优质水稻品种,对不同水稻品种在稻虾种养模式下的产量及生育期表现进行了比较。结果表明,稻虾连作模式适宜选用优质高产常规稻嘉67、嘉禾236等;稻虾套养模式则适宜选用生长旺盛的籼粳杂交稻嘉优中科13-1;繁养一体模式适宜选用熟期较早、产量稳定的常规稻南粳3908、天微香粳等。针对稻虾种养模式的特点,提出了适宜的水稻栽培方式、种植密度、肥水管理等关键技术。     

稻渔共生水产品品质特性研究进展

稻渔共生是在传统水稻田中种植水稻的同时利用稻田湿地生态系统养殖水产品,实现水稻与水产品共作或轮作的新型农业模式。该模式利用水稻和水产品之间的互利共生作用,降低田间污染、减少病虫害、改善农田生态系统的物质转换效率。为了解析稻渔共生模式对水产品品质和肠道微生物的影响,促进稻渔综合种养的科学发展,本文综述了水产品的营养、肌肉品质和肠道微生物的研究进展,以为稻渔综合种养产业的高质量可持续发展奠定基础。     

稻虾种养模式的经济效益评价及节本增效途径分析——基于南县的实证研究

稻虾生态种养主要是在保证水稻产量的基础上,通过优质稻米和养殖收入来增收.为精确评估稻虾种养模式的经济效益,以湖南省南县为研究地,比较了稻虾种养模式与当地中稻单作模式的经济效益.结果表明,稻虾种养模式总投入较中稻单作模式增加208.28%,但其总利润达到3.67万元/公顷,较中稻单作模式提高了3.42万元/公顷,产投比提高了0.50.通过秸秆还田、人工产饲、减少人工管理费用和引进人工虾苗繁殖及培育等方法可以减少投入,进一步提高效益.通过构建合理的"研产加销"稻虾产业链,并促进乡村旅游业与稻虾产业有机结合,推动产业健康可持续发展.     

盛泰优018在稻虾生态种养下的生产优势与高产栽培技术

2015~2017年的试验示范结果表明,盛泰优018在稻虾生态种养下具有早熟性、丰产性等优势,稻虾生态种养模式能明显延长小龙虾在虾田的生长期,实现虾肥稻丰高产高效生产。介绍了盛泰优018稻虾连作中机械化插秧高产栽培技术要点。     

稻虾综合种养水稻品种筛选研究进展

稻虾（克氏原螯虾）综合种养是推进水稻绿色生产的重要方式,促进了水稻产业的提质增效,有利于水稻产业转型升级。近年来,稻虾综合种养在全国多地迅速推广,但当前稻虾还存在种养产量和效益不稳、稻虾种养技术亟待优化、尤其是优质高产抗倒水稻品种较为缺乏的问题。已有研究者针对稻虾连作或共生种养条件下的水稻品种选用开展了各有侧重的研究。本文阐述了目前稻虾种养下水稻品种筛选的研究进展,探讨了不同稻虾种养模式对水稻品种特性的要求,提出了今后稻虾种养品种选育和筛选应用的发展方向,可为提高稻虾综合种养质量和效益提供参考。     

不同类型池塘种稻模式下的稻米安全和经济效益研究

通过大田生产试验,研究了"青虾-稻""甲鱼-稻"和"河蟹-稻"三种池塘种稻模式下稻米安全和经济效益情况。结果表明,在养殖青虾、甲鱼和河蟹条件下,每667 m2水稻产量分别为186 kg、300 kg和250 kg;稻米无农药残留,重金属含量符合国家安全标准。在经济效益方面,池塘种稻模式下每667 m2青虾、甲鱼和河蟹养殖的利润分别为6 409.1元、9 815.0元和4 377.0元,与传统单养模式相比,每667 m2分别增收2 534.2元、2 075.0元和120.0元;产投比和成本收益率分别提高31.7%、19.6%、16.6%和69.2%、192.0%、37.4%。试验证明,池塘种稻模式不仅能够有效提高养殖利润、产投比和成本收益率,而且能够增加水稻种植面积,生产优质稻米,保障我国粮食安全,实现了淡水养殖和粮食种植的有效统一,体现了良好的经济、社会和生态效益,为我国农业可持续发展提供了一条新的技术途径。     

“稻—渔—牧”综合种养模式发展初探——以衡山县绍祥农场为例

稻鱼共生技术是我国传统农业的精华之一,距今已有1700多年的历史。经过不断的改革创新,在方法、模式及生产管理等方面有了长足进步,其中便衍生出"稻—渔—牧"模式。以衡山县绍祥农场为例,介绍了"稻—渔—牧"模式的技术要点,并进行综合效益分析,包括经济效益、生态效益以及社会效益,探讨其推广的可行性,最后结合其他稻田生态种养技术,对"稻—渔—牧"模式进一步发展提出了建议。     

安乡县稻虾种养模式的调查与建议

系统分析了安乡县稻虾种养模式的发展现状,详细阐述了稻虾种养模式发展的有利因素,提出了培养产业气候、强化教育引导、完善基础设施、规范经营秩序、净化水质环境等建议。     

怀化武陵山区稻螺种养模式技术分析及发展对策

怀化地区是湖南省传统的稻渔生态种养模式特色产区,其武陵山区腹地野生田螺种群资源丰富。稻螺生态种养是近些年发展起来的新模式,现已成为怀化各县的主要稻渔种养模式之一。调研怀化武陵山区稻螺综合种养现状,分析其综合效益,探讨该地区稻螺生态种养模式的技术要点及存在的问题,并提出相应的发展对策,旨在为湖南丘陵山区稻田综合种养的发展提供借鉴。     

Investigating external effects of shrimp farming on rice farming in southern Thailand: a technical efficiency approach

Rice and shrimp farming are two important economic activities in rural southern Thailand that compete each other in land allocation leading to land use conflicts. Moreover, it can be observed that the conversion of rice fields to shrimp farms is already extended from coastal areas to the inlands. These conversions are making more area be saline which is essential condition for shrimp cultivation but deleterious for rice farming. We are looking at the unidirectional externalities originating from the conversion which brings the productivity of adjacent rice fields further down. This study attempts to quantify the external effects on rice yield and efficiency of rice farming by constructing three models. Model I, we assess the rice yield function by using the multiple linear regression while in Model II, we attempt to delineate the technical efficient frontier of rice farms by using an input oriented non-parametric approach, so called data envelopment analysis. Model III, we probe into the factors influencing technical efficiency scores using the Tobit regression. Database of the study is constituted by primary survey data from 120 rice farms in Songkhla province for the crop year 2004/2005. The 30 out of 120 sample farms have been affected by externality of shrimp farming. The empirical results of all three models show that shrimp farming externalities caused a production drop of 467–515 kg paddy rice per ha and significantly affect the technical efficiency of rice farms. The measures of internalizing this externality are discussed.     

苏北地区稻虾共作立体种养模式与关键技术

根据江苏苏北稻区的土壤、气候、耕作制度等因素,进行稻田套养小龙虾种养模式试验攻关与示范,并组装现有技术,包括稻田选择与改造、放养前准备、虾苗放养、生产管理、水稻栽培、小龙虾起捕等一系列种养管理措施,旨在为江苏苏北稻作区及我国其他相近生态区域大面积推广应用提供技术指导。     

Effects of Rice-Fish Co-culture on Oxygen Consumption in Intensive Aquaculture Pond

Rice-fish co-culture has gained increasing attention to remediate the negative environmental impacts induced by intensive aquaculture. However, the effect of rice-fish co-culture on oxygen depletion has rarely been investigated. We constructed a rice-fish co-culture system in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) ponds using a new high-stalk rice variety, and conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of rice-fish co-culture on water parameters and oxygen consumption. The results showed that rice-fish co-culture reduced the nutrients (total nitrogen, ammonia-N, total phosphorous and potassium) and the dissolved oxygen content in fish and shrimp ponds. However, they showed similar seasonal change of dissolved oxygen in the water of fish and shrimp ponds. Rice-fish co-culture reduced the total amount of oxygen consumption and optimized the oxygen consumption structure in pond. The respiration rates in water and sediment were significantly reduced by 66.1% and 31.7% in the catfish pond, and 64.4% and 38.7% in the shrimp pond, respectively, by additional rice cultivation. Rice-fish co-culture decreased the proportions of respiration in sediment and water, and increased the proportion of fish respiration. These results suggest that rice-fish co-culture is an efficient way to reduce hypoxia in intensive culture pond.     

江苏“水稻-小龙虾”综合种养稻田杂草群落及其防控技术调查：以12个基地为例

为揭示江苏“水稻-小龙虾”综合种养稻田杂草群落结构和农户杂草防控措施现状,对灌南、盐都、盱眙、高邮、广陵、溧阳、常熟等7个地方12个稻虾综合种养基地开展田间调查和农户访谈。结果表明,在120块稻虾田内共记录到25种杂草;稻虾轮作田禾本科杂草和千金子的优势度显著高于稻虾共生田。稻虾轮作稻田杂草以稗属杂草、杂草稻、千金子、李氏禾、异型莎草、水苋菜属杂草、鸭舌草为主;稻虾共生稻田杂草以杂草稻、稗属杂草、千金子、异型莎草为主。除有机栽培模式外,稻虾轮作稻田控草方式为“土壤处理+茎叶处理+人工拔除”,稻田杂草防控总用药和人工成本平均1 863.75元/hm²。稻虾共生稻田控草技术主要为“水层控草+龙虾控草+人工拔除”,部分稻田使用丙草胺、苄嘧磺隆等土壤处理除草剂,稻田杂草防控总成本平均907.50元/hm²。     

Population dynamics of shrimps in littoral marine waters of the Mekong Delta, south of Viet Nam

The population dynamics of eight commercial species of shrimp (Haliporoides sibogae, Harpiosquilla harpax, Metapenaeus affinis, Metapenaeus brevicornis, Metapenaeus tenuipes, Parapenaeopsis cultrirostris, Parapenaeopsis gracillima and Parapenaeus maxilipedo) distributed in littoral marine zone of the Mekong Delta were investigated. Length-based stock assessment using FiSAT II software package was used to assess the growth and mortality parameters: Asymptotic size (L8), growth coefficient (K), total (Z) and natural (M) mortality, exploitation rate (E), recruitment pattern, current probability of capture and selectivity of fishing gears. Yield-per-recruit analyses were carried out showing different levels of the exploitation. Results showed that the maximum sustainable yield would be reached for an exploitation rate higher than the current one for each population. However, the size of first capture should be increased for every population. The findings indicated that the current exploitations of shrimp populations distributed in littoral marine zone of the Mekong Delta are under exploitation level for maximum sustainable yield; however, all the shrimp populations are subject to growth over-exploitation.     

加强生态农业建设 推进浙江有机茶产业发展

本文介绍了有机茶生产体系可注入的生态农业技术，阐述了我公司发展有机茶产业的模式及其取得的成效，并对有机茶生产的发展方向进行了展望。     

稻虾共作对稻田水体环境的影响

为探明稻虾共作对水体环境的理化性质和物质含量的影响,选择湖南省南县实施稻虾共作模式和中稻单作模式的稻田,分析稻虾共作前后的稻田水体物质变化和不同稻作模式下稻田水体环境变化差异.结果表明,相较于自然水体和中稻单作田间水体,稻虾共作田间水体的pH值提高了1.88%和1.37%,色度提高了42.19%和10.98%,TDS提高了1.66%和1.14%,电导率提高了13.08%和10.31%,氧化还原电位提高了14.15%和6.03%,溶解氧降低了17.20%和9.41%.稻虾共作改变了自然水体理化性质,对水体环境的影响程度比中稻单作模式更大,创造了适宜稻虾共同生长的水体环境,在抑制潜水蒸发、提高水体自净能力方面有积极作用.但水体溶氧量的降低,不利于水生植物的生长和部分物质的分解消化,影响稻田水质.在稻虾共作过程中,需充分利用水体环境变化的有利因素,合理人工增氧,以规避水体溶氧降低带来的影响.     

早稻—秋黄瓜—花耶菜高产高效栽培技术

随着种植产业结构调整,耕作制度朝着优质高效的方向发展。南平市延平区炉下镇农技站于2008—2011年连续3 a开展了早稻—秋黄瓜—花耶菜一年三茬种植模式试验推广,取得较好的经济效益,每667m2土地年产值超万元。总结了早稻—秋黄瓜—花耶菜一年三茬种植模式的高产栽培技术。