几株尖孢镰刀菌的绿色荧光蛋白基因转化

利用PEG介导的原生质体转化方法,将绿色荧光蛋白基因转入到6株香蕉枯萎病菌和1株棉花枯萎病菌中。结果表明：转化子连续转接5代能够稳定遗传,荧光强度良好,PCR验证gfp基因已转入到菌株中,为后续研究香蕉枯萎病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的侵染、防治等提供可视化的检测和分析手段。     

一株香蕉内生细菌挥发油成分及抑菌活性研究

测定一株香蕉内生细菌BEB99发酵液的石油醚和乙酸乙酯粗提物对香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种的(FOC4)菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响,并测定粗提物中的主要成分。研究结果表明：其发酵液的石油醚和乙酸乙酯粗提物对香蕉枯萎病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均具有明显抑制作用,可造成病菌菌丝的畸形,抗菌物质浓度为1.67 mg/mL时,其孢子萌发抑制率分别达到92.99%和82.96%。GC/MS分析从粗提物中鉴定到18个成分,其中主要成分包括油酸(14.98%)、油酸乙酯(11.38%)、亚麻油酸乙酯(14.86%)、亚油酸(13.20%)、棕榈酸(11.36%)和棕榈酸乙酯(11.26%),及一个未知化学成分。     

适宜与香蕉轮作防控枯萎病的蔬菜品种初步筛选

香蕉枯萎病发生普遍,危害巨大,选择合理的轮作作物对该病防控意义重大.本研究在25个蔬菜品种接种香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense,Foc 4)后,调查Foc 4对不同种蔬菜的致病性,测定不同时期蔬菜根际土壤中香蕉枯萎病菌的数量;通过菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定不...     

2种激发子对西瓜枯萎病的诱抗作用

分别测定了来源于西瓜枯萎病菌和香蕉枯萎病菌的细胞壁来源的水溶性、热稳定激发予对西瓜枯萎病的诱抗作用。结果表明：2种来源的激发子均有明显的诱导西瓜苗细胞壁木质化的作用，但来源于香蕉枯萎病菌的激发子对木质化的诱导活性比来源于西瓜枯萎病菌的要高；西瓜苗分别经2种激发子处理后，体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氮酶的活性均有异常的增加，但来源于西瓜枯萎病菌的激发子对这3种防御酶的诱导速度比来源于香蕉枯萎病菌的要快；经激发子诱导处理后瓜苗对枯萎病菌的抗性有了明显的提高，但来源于西瓜枯萎病菌的激发予的诱抗效果相对较好。     

一株香蕉拮抗内生细菌的分离及鉴定

从健康的香蕉组织内分离获得22株内生细菌,从中获得1株对香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）1号与4号小种具有抑制作用的拮抗菌(编号为BEB9）,经形态学、生理生化及16S rDNA序列鉴定等方面研究,确认为伯克霍尔德菌。研究还发现NA和YE培养基是其抑菌作用最适培养基。     

海南花梨木花精油成分分析及其抑菌活性研究

采用GC-MS联用技术检测了海南花梨木鲜花花精油的化学组成及相对含量,并采用苯醚甲环唑作为对照测定了该精油对香蕉枯萎病菌的抗菌活性。花精油中共鉴定出17种成分,包括烷烃类(53.33%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(14.02%)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(4.37%)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸(14.00%)、α-香树精(8.37%)、1-三十烷醇(2.57%)和二十八烷醇(1.45%)等。抑菌试验表明,花精油和苯醚甲环唑对香蕉枯萎病菌具有一定的抑制作用,其抑制作用随着处理浓度的加大而增强;在接种培养初期,苯醚甲环唑对香蕉枯萎病菌产生明显的抑制作用而花精油不明显,随着时间的延长,花精油对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用逐渐变强,并在7d后与苯醚甲环唑的抑制作用无明显差异。     

香蕉枯萎病菌及其粗毒素对香蕉的致病性比较

从8种培养液中筛选出能诱导香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race4)FOCAAA315菌株高产毒素的改良CzapekB培养液,FOCAAA315菌株在该培养液中培养第15d,镰刀菌酸(FA)产量高达669.2mg/L,蔗糖为诱导产毒的最佳碳源。采用伤根浸渍法接种,测定枯萎病菌和病菌发酵粗毒素对香蕉组培苗的致病性。结果表明,粗毒素接种可诱发与病原菌类似的病害症状。受侵染的植物组织在细胞水平上发生一系列形态结构和生理生化代谢的病理变化,包括细胞壁消解、侵填体堵塞气腔、粘胶质减少、淀粉量减少、细胞木质化和黄褐色胶状物堵塞导管等。香蕉枯萎病菌的粗毒素是重要的致病化学物质;利用病菌孢子悬浮液在香蕉苗期接种,可以作为室内快速鉴定香蕉品种抗病性的方法。     

香蕉枯萎病菌菌株致病力分化及其原因研究

以田间表现出枯萎病症状的香蕉和粉蕉组织中分离获得的13株尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)为试验材料,分别测定了不同菌株对香蕉(巴西蕉)和粉蕉(广粉一号)的致病力以及在不同培养液中产生的细胞壁降解酶的活性和毒素含量。结果表明:不同菌株对香蕉和粉蕉的致病力存在明显差异;相关性分析显示,不同菌株产细胞降解酶活性与相应菌株侵染引起的寄主病情指数无相关性,产镰刀菌酸的含量与寄主病情指数呈极显著正相关(r=0.9326)。认为香蕉枯萎病菌菌株间产镰刀菌酸能力的不同是导致其致病力出现分化的主要原因之一。     

香蕉枯萎病菌分子检测研究进展

香蕉枯萎病是全世界香蕉产业共同面临的毁灭性病害,但目前生产上仍缺乏适宜的抗病品种和有效的治疗措施。因此,借助快速准确的枯萎病菌检测技术及时明确病原菌以控制该病的传播和蔓延显得尤为重要。本文回顾了近年来国内外香蕉枯萎病菌分子检测技术的发展历程,归纳和总结了DNA指纹图谱、普通PCR、多重PCR、荧光定量PCR及等温扩增技术在该病菌检测中的研究进展,分析了不同检测技术的优缺点,并指出可能存在的问题和研究发展方向,为该病的分子检测技术优化和防控策略制定提供参考。     

香蕉新品系‘热科2号’主要农艺性状分析

以‘巴西蕉’为对照,从植物学性状、果实性状和抗病性等方面对香蕉新品系‘热科2号’的主要农艺性状进行分析。结果表明：‘热科2号’的综合农艺性状与对照相近,其中株高、果指长宽及产量均高于对照。此外,‘热科2号’对香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种抗性好,田间发病率为4.1%,较对照巴西蕉低75%,对其它病虫害的抗性则与对照相当,适宜在香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种发生区域种植。     

苦丁茶提取物多酚含量与抗氧化活性的测定

首先用不同的有机溶剂分部萃取苦丁茶(Ilex kudincha C.J.Tseng)热水提取物(粗提物),得到氯仿萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物及萃取剩余物,然后采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定粗提物和各萃取物的多酚含量,同时应用DPPH法、TEAC法和FRAP法分别测定粗提物和各萃取物的自由基清除能力和还原Fe3+能力。结果表明,苦丁茶提取物具有较高的多酚含量和较强的抗氧化能力;DPPH法和FRAP法测定各提取物抗氧化能力的结果为乙酸乙酯萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>粗提物>萃取剩余物>氯仿萃取物,TEAC法测定结果为乙酸乙酯萃取物>正丁醇萃取物>粗提物>氯仿萃取物>萃取剩余物;多酚含量与抗氧化能力之间、所用抗氧化测定方法之间均存在较好的相关性。     

杧果皮萃取物的生物活性及其化学成分分析

对杧果皮乙醇提取的乙酸乙酯萃取物进行抑菌性测定。离体抑菌活性测定结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物对小麦纹枯和水稻纹枯等病原菌具有很强的抑菌活性;硅胶柱层析及生物活性测定结果表明,正己烷∶乙酸乙酯∶无水甲醇为 60∶40∶20（v∶v∶v）时对抑菌成分的分离效果最好;化学定性分析结果表明,对水稻纹枯病菌抑菌最强的（11~13）组段的化学成分主要为酚类、黄酮类和有机酸等物质,但具体是那一类物质起作用还需要进一步分离纯化和鉴定。     

普洱茶不同溶剂提取组分降脂减肥作用的比较研究

采用丙酮、水、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇连续萃取普洱茶,旋转蒸发后冷冻干燥得到氯仿层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层以及剩余水层4个主要分离组分,利用不同的组分灌胃经过肥胖造模处理的ICR小鼠,与普洱茶总水提取物和减肥药左旋肉碱进行比较,研究普洱茶不同组分对ICR肥胖小鼠的降脂减肥作用。实验结果表明,普洱茶总水提取物、乙酸乙酯萃取组分、剩余水层组分均对肥胖ICR小鼠具有很好的降脂减肥作用。其中乙酸乙酯层和剩余水层抑制脂肪累积（抑制率分别是24.7%和22.5%）的效果略差于减肥药物左旋肉碱（抑制率38.8%）,但在改善血清指标尤其是提高HDL-C水平方面（提高率为61.7%和73.4%）显著优于左旋肉碱（9.4%）,肝脏指标检测也得到了类似的结论,揭示普洱茶降脂减肥作用的主要成分可能存在于乙酸乙酯层和（或）剩余水层中。     

Bioactive properties and chemical constituents of methanolic extract and its fractions from Jatropha curcas oil

The present work is designed to evaluate the bioactive properties of the crude methanolic extract of Jatropha curcas oil and its solvent fractions. The crude methanolic extract obtained was fractionated using a hydrophilic lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridge and then eluted with different solvents in the order of hexane (F1), dichloromethane (F2), chloroform (F3), ethyl acetate (F4) and methanol (F5), respectively. Total phenolic content of the crude methanolic extract and its fractions was in the range of 0.19-4.5 mg/g as gallic acid equivalent. Antioxidant activity of the crude methanolic extract and its fractions were determined by two complementary test methods, namely, phenanthroline method and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. All samples demonstrated weak antioxidant activity (150-851 μmol Fe/100 g of the extract and IC₅₀ of 1.05-13.5 mg/mL). When compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a reference synthetic antioxidant, both showed weaker antioxidative potential. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the extracts was performed using a disc diffusion method and a micro-well dilution method against six economic plant disease bacteria. The results showed that all extracts possessed strong to moderate antibacterial activity with varying degrees of growth inhibition against the test bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were in the range of 14.92-428.6 μg/mL. In addition, the chemical constituents in each fraction of the extract were subjected to analyze by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The eleven constituents were identified. Among them, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, methyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and linoleic acid may be the main cause of its strong antibacterial activity. Therefore, this oil present in the methanolic extract had great potential as effective antibacterial sources.     

Metabolic Profiling and In Vitro Assessment of the Biological Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Penicillium chrysogenum “Endozoic of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge” from the Red Sea (Egypt)

Marine sponge-derived endozoic fungi have been gaining increasing importance as promising sources of numerous and unique bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and biological activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium chrysogenum derived from Cliona sp. sponge. Thirty-six compounds were tentatively identified from P. chrysogenum ethyl acetate extract along with the kojic acid (KA) isolation. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS positive ionization mode was used to analyze and identify the extract constituents while 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy were used for kojic acid (KA) structure confirmation. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were assessed in vitro. Both the extract and kojic acid showed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 250 ± 0.82 µg/mL. Interestingly, the extract showed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 93.75 ± 0.55 and 19.53 ± 0.48 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, KA showed the same potency against Fusarium oxysporum and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 39.06 ± 0.85 and 39.06 ± 0.98 µg/mL, respectively. Ultimately, KA showed strong antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ 33.7 ± 0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, the extract and KA showed strong cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma (with IC₅₀ 22.6 ± 0.8 and 23.4 ± 1.4 µg/mL, respectively) and human larynx carcinoma (with equal IC₅₀ 30.8 ± 1.3 and ± 2.1 µg/mL, respectively), respectively. The current study represents the first insights into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of P. chrysoenum ethyl acetate extract, which could be a promising source of valuable secondary metabolites with potent biological potentials.     

The influence of the growth season on the antimicrobial and antioxidative activity in Artemisia princeps var. orientalis

We investigated the influence of the growth season of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (P_AMPAN.) H_ARA on antimicrobial and antioxidative activities. The ethyl acetate and water fractions of crude methanol extract from the plant collected monthly (April through October) were tested against three gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria and one lactic acid bacterium. The ethyl acetate and water fractions of crude methanol extract from A. princeps var. orientalis collected in August and September had the highest antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of extract from A. princeps var. orientalis for Lactobacillus plantarum was not found at any concentration and in any growth season. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each strain by ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract from A. princeps var. orientalis was different depending on the tested strain and growth season of the plant. MIC for each strain was the highest in the sample from April, followed by October. The antioxidative activities of methanol extracts from A. princeps var. orientalis collected monthly were measured by their scavenging activity on free radical of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the extracts from the plants collected in May, June and July were higher than any other. The XO inhibitory activities of the extracts of A. princeps var. orientalis collected in April and May showed the greatest activity, it is different with antimicrobial activity. This is the first report that antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of the extracts of A. princeps var. orientalis is different with growth season.     

单双液相下不同多酚氧化酶源对酶性合成茶黄素的影响

比较了单双液相条件下不同来源的多酚氧化酶对酶性合成茶黄素效率的影响。结果表明,在本试验体系下单双液相试验中,以不同的酶源合成茶黄素的试验效果不同,就茶鲜叶酶源而言,双液相明显比单液相的效果要显著,在单液相系统中总乙酸乙酯层茶黄素总含量达33.74%,合成率为14.245%,而在双液相系统中,其总含量达39.74%,合成率为31.792%;而就梨酶源处理而言,单液相的效果要比双液相稍好,在单液相系统中总乙酸乙酯层茶黄素总含量达45.73%,合成率为18.799%;而在双液相系统中,其总含量达40.20%,合成率为22.11%;就苹果酶源而言,单液相比双液相的效果要好些,在单液相系统中总乙酸乙酯层茶黄素总含量达18.22%,合成率为13.34%;而在双液相系统中,其总含量达11.56%,合成率为6.935%。     

千层金叶片醇提物抗氧化活性的研究

为了探究千层金叶片醇提物的抗氧化活性,本文研究了千层金叶片醇提物及其不同极性部位的抗氧化活性和总多酚含量。研究结果表明：千层金叶片醇提物正丁醇相的总多酚含量最高,为(453.75±0.75) mg/g;75%甲醇粗提物及其正丁醇相对ABTS ⁺自由基的清除能力较抗坏血酸（VC）强;各组分还原力强弱顺序为VC>正丁醇相>75%甲醇粗提物>水相>乙酸乙酯相>BHT>石油醚相;正丁醇相和乙酸乙酯相对DPPH自由基的清除能力较醇提物和水相强,石油醚相最弱;千层金叶片醇提物及其不同极性部位清除ABTS ⁺自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力及还原力均与其总多酚含量呈正相关。除石油醚相外,千层金叶片醇提物及其不同极性部位均有较强的抗氧化活性,可作为一种良好天然抗氧化剂的物质来源。     

基于灰色关联度的叠鞘石斛叶抗氧化部位的筛选

以不同浓度乙醇对叠鞘石斛[Dendrobium aurantiacum Rchb. f. var. denneanum (Kerr.) Z. H. Tsi. ]叶进行提取,再用不同极性溶剂对抗氧化活性较高的60%乙醇粗提取物进行萃取,分别得到石油醚层、二氯甲烷层、乙酸乙酯层、正丁醇层和水层,采用超高效液相色谱法（ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC）和紫外-分光光度法对各部位进行成分分析,以DPPH自由基清除活性为指标,利用灰色关联度进行相关性分析,筛选主要的抗氧化活性部位。其中,总黄酮在正丁醇层最高（24.89%）;多糖在水层最高（0.23%）;各萃取层均有抗氧化活性,DPPH自由基清除能力强弱顺序为水层>正丁醇层>乙酸乙酯层>二氯甲烷层>石油醚层。筛选出正丁醇层、水层为抗氧化主要活性部位,其抗氧化活性是黄酮类、多糖等成分协同作用的结果,为进一步提取抗氧化活性化合物,开发天然抗氧化剂提供一定的指导。