安格斯犊牛腹泻的病理观察、病原分离鉴定和药敏试验及防治措施

[方法]宁夏某牛场的安格斯犊牛发生了较为严重的腹泻症状,死亡率高达28％.经过对死亡病牛剖检,6头进行病理观察,采样病变心脏、肺、肝组织及肠系膜淋巴结,送至西北农林科技大学动物医学院疫病检测实验室进行分离、鉴定及药敏试验.[结果]结果表明,此次安格斯犊牛腹泻病症特殊,除腹泻症状外,在用药治疗后腹泻症状减轻,但随后出现神...     

山东省规模化奶牛场常见传染病血清流行病学调查

2016年5月到2016年12月,从山东省菏泽、泰安、青岛、潍坊4个地区的11个规模化牛场采集了190份血清样品,应用ELISA方法分别对这些血清进行了牛病毒性腹泻抗体和牛传染性鼻气管炎gB抗体的检测,这11个牛场均未免疫这两种疾病的疫苗。检测结果显示,牛病毒性腹泻平均个体阳性率为66.3%,其中犊牛阳性率为77.8%、青年牛阳性率58.8%、成母牛阳性率为65.8%,场阳性率90.9%;传染性鼻气管炎平均个体阳性率为46.3%,其中犊牛阳性率为83.3%、青年牛阳性率为76.5%、成母牛阳性率为37.4%,场阳性率为81.8%。通过本次流行病学调查,发现我省牛群中这两种疾病具有较高的感染率,其中以犊牛感染率最高,说明犊牛易感性较高;与前几年调查的结果相比,这两种疾病的感染率有所增加,应引起牛场的足够重视。     

乌梅散治疗运输应激引起的犊牛腹泻

犊牛腹泻是犊牛受到感染后引起的以排出多量稀薄粪便为特征的疾病。引起腹泻的原因较多,有病毒性、细菌性、寄生虫、消化不良等。随着牛羊育肥业的发展,从外地牛场引进犊牛的也较多,由于犊牛长期运输和环境应激因素刺激,     

一例犊牛病毒性腹泻的诊治

<正>犊牛病毒性腹泻(即黏膜病)是犊牛常见的一种多发病,其病原是病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV),出生后10日龄以内的犊牛是易感动物。本病呈地方性分布,尤以养牛业集中的地区易发病。冬春季发病率较高。该病主要临床特征为腹泻、脱水、电解质失衡等。发病率为5%~90%,死亡率高达90%以上。本病病原BVDV可感染猪、羊(绵羊、山羊)等动物,犊牛病毒性腹泻主要传染源是发病和隐性带毒动物。2015年3月海南州某规模牛场     

使用酵母培养物AYC-X6防治犊牛腹泻效果

[目的]犊牛腹泻是犊牛最常见的消化道疾病,是由饲养管理和多种感染性病原微生物共同作用引起。为研究在犊牛日粮中添加酵母培养物防治犊牛腹泻效果。[方法]在宁夏固原现代农业园区肉牛繁育基地随机选取120头2.5月以下犊牛作为试验牛群,对照组和试验组各60头,试验组犊牛每头每天添加30 g酵母培养物AYC-X6,对照组不添加。[结果]结果表明,试验组犊牛腹泻发病率减少35%,死亡率减少8%;平均每头治疗成本节省8.4元/头。[结论]犊牛日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6,有利于建立健康稳定的瘤胃微生物菌群,对犊牛腹泻有很好的防治效果。     

犊牛腹泻粪便中类冠状病毒

犊牛腹泻病是我省一些牛场普遍存在的一种疾病,它严重影响我省养牛业的发展。引起犊牛腹泻的病原体有细菌和病毒。一般认为引起犊牛腹泻的病毒有轮状病毒、细小病毒和冠状病毒。最近在我们研究病毒性犊牛腹泻病病原体的过程中,发现在犊牛腹泻粪便中有类冠状病毒,并发现此病毒可引起犊牛腹泻和死亡。现将研究结果报告如下。     

规模化牛场犊牛腹泻的防治措施

犊牛腹泻是目前规模化牛场最严重的犊牛疾病之一,也是导致犊牛死亡率高的重要原因,犊牛腹泻的发生直接影响牛场的养殖效益。犊牛腹泻病发生控制的好坏是衡量一个规模化牛场犊牛生产是否科学管理的重要指标之一,为此如何防治犊牛腹泻已成为规模化牛场科学饲养上的重要环节,本文通过分析犊牛腹泻病发生的病因、症状及如何预防和治疗,以此为规模化牛场在犊牛科学饲养管理上提供技术指导。     

牦牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病的防制

牦牛病毒性腹泻—黏膜病是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)引起牛的一种病情较为复杂的疾病,引起的急性疾病称为牛病毒性腹泻,引起的慢性持续性感染称为黏膜病。本病于1946年在纽约首次发现,目前在世界各国普遍存在,20世纪80年代以来,我国牦牛群中陆续发现牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病,血清阳性率在30.0%~42.4%,病死率30%左右[1]。本病主要感染牛,尤其是犊牛,严重危害养牛业的发展,中华人民共和国农业部将牛病毒性腹泻定为三类疫病。     

一起规模奶牛场犊牛腹泻病的病原学诊断

为了确诊新疆某规模化奶牛场犊牛腹泻疾病病原,剖检4头腹泻犊牛采集其脏器以及血清样品,再采集另外6头腹泻犊牛血清样品,对脏器样品进行细菌的分离鉴定,采用ELISA的方法对血清样品进行病毒性腹泻-黏膜病抗原检测,对轮状病毒、冠状病毒和细小病毒进行抗体检测,对抗体阳性样品采用PCR方法进一步进行确诊。结果发现,4头份脏器样品均检测出沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌,10份血清样品中均未检测出病毒性腹泻-黏膜病病毒抗原、轮状病毒和冠状病毒抗体,8份血清样品中检测出细小病毒抗体,7份血清样品中检测出细小病毒DNA。结果表明,该牛场犊牛腹泻主要由沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和细小病毒混合感染引起。本试验结果可为该场犊牛腹泻诊治提供参考。     

河南省犊牛腹泻主要病原调查研究

[目的]为了解河南省犊牛腹泻主要病原流行情况和腹泻病因,有效防控犊牛腹泻,加快养牛业健康发展。[方法]用ELISA方法对从河南省12个地区采集1～6月龄有腹泻临床症状和无腹泻临床症状犊牛粪便样品187份,血液样品305份进行检测。[结果]在305份血液样品中,共检测到病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)阳性血样17份;副结核分支杆菌阳性血样13份。187份粪便样品中,检测到微小隐孢子虫阳性样品47份;轮状病毒阳性样品3份;大肠杆菌K99⁺阳性样品8份;冠状病毒阳性样品5份。[结论]发现犊牛腹泻主要是由病原感染引起的,其中微小隐孢子虫的感染率为较高,同时以单一病原感染为主。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …