小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平的影响

[目的]研究在小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平的影响。[方法]以1日龄健康肉用雏鹅为材料,采用单因子随机化设计,分6组分别饲喂玉米型、小麦型饲粮及添加不同浓度木聚糖酶的小麦饲粮,测定血液中血糖和血清总蛋白的含量。[结果]小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶能够提高肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平,添加量为0.2%时效果最佳,高于玉米对照组水平;对血清蛋白浓度,0.2%添加组与小麦组和玉米组的差异均达到显著水平。[结论]在饲料中添加木聚糖可提高肉鹅的生产水平。     

小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅消化器官指数和消化道酶活性的影响

试验选用1日龄健康肉用雏鹅108只，随机分为6组，分别饲喂玉米型饲粮、小麦型饲粮以及在小麦饲粮中添加不同浓度木聚糖酶的饲粮。结果表明：（1）小麦饲粮中添加0.2％和0.3％木聚糖酶能降低胃及十二指肠指数（P〉O．05）,添加量为0．2％时低于玉米组水平，添加0.3％木聚糖酶能降低空回肠及盲肠指数（P〉O．05）；添加0．1％和0．2％木聚糖酶时能降低肝脏指数（P〉O．05）,添加0.3％木聚糖酶时能降低胰腺指数（P〉O．05）。（2）在小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶能够改善肉鹅蛋白酶活性,添加量为0．2％时比小麦对照组高出34．38％（P〈O．01），效果最佳；木聚糖酶的添加同样能够改善肉鹅淀粉酶的活性，添加量为0．1％时比小麦对照组高出20.57％（P〈O．05），为最适添加量。     

饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道内容物pH、消化蛋白酶活性及菌群的影响

【目的】研究蛋鸡饲粮中添加不同水平的碳酸氢钠对肠道内容物pH、消化蛋白酶活性和肠道菌群的影响,以探讨饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡消化机能的影响。【方法】选取21周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡450只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每重复15只鸡;对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加0.1%,0.5%,2.5%,5%NaHCO3的试验饲粮,试验期133d。试验期末采集各组肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠食糜及粪便,测定各段食糜和粪便的pH、肌胃食糜的胃蛋白酶活性、十二指肠食糜的胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性以及回肠和盲肠食糜中菌群的变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)指纹图谱,并计算回肠、盲肠食糜的多样性指数和相似性指数。【结果】1)饲粮中添加0.1%和0.5%的碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道各段pH无显著影响,而饲粮中添加2.5%和5%的碳酸氢钠可显著提高蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠和空肠内容物以及粪便的pH(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加2.5%和5%的碳酸氢钠可显著降低肌胃中胃蛋白酶、十二指肠中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性(P0.05)。3)饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠可改变蛋鸡回肠和盲肠的微生物多样性指数。【结论】饲粮中添加高剂量的碳酸氢钠(2.5%和5%)显著影响蛋鸡消化道内环境,降低蛋鸡的蛋白消化机能。     

不同日粮对鹅消化酶活性的影响

选用同一日龄的3周龄扬州鹅36只,随机分成6组,每组6只,公母各半,饲喂不同组成但营养水平基本一致的日粮,研究不同日粮对鹅部分消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,苜蓿、黑麦草和小麦麸含量为18%日粮组鹅(3组)的肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠食糜pH值最小,肠道中淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶的活性最大;苜蓿、黑麦草和小麦麸含量为24%日粮组鹅(6组)盲肠中的纤维素酶活性最大,但各组差异不显著。     

小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡的影响实验

本试验主要研究饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能的影响。将90只1日龄肉用雏鸡随机分成3个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。记录并称量各组试鸡平均体重。以玉米-豆粕型饲料为基础日粮。试验结果表明:全小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶后,0~3周龄肉仔鸡体重增加了2.91%(P0.05),料重比下降了11.79%(P0.05),接近玉米组水平(P0.05);4~7周龄肉仔鸡体重增加11.14%(P0.05),料重比下降了5.45%(P0.05)。从整个试验阶段来看,小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶能够促进肉仔鸡生长,提高肉仔鸡的饲料利用率。     

米糠日粮添加酶制剂对雏鹅小肠食糜粘度和pH的影响

为探明外源酶制剂对采食米糠日粮小鹅小肠食糜理化性质的影响机理,将16只7日龄雏鹅,随机分成对照组和试验组,饲以米糠(占30%)基础日粮,试验组添加0.2%的酶制剂.至21日龄捕杀,测定小肠食糜中的粘度和pH值.结果表明,对照组雏鹅小肠各段食糜粘度依十二指肠、空肠和回肠次序逐渐显著增加,十二指肠和空肠食糜间pH值差异不显著,回肠食糜的粘度较十二指肠和空肠中分别高131.82%(p<0.01)和55.90%(p<0.01),而pH值则较十二指肠和空肠分别高7.68%(p<0.05)和8.83%(p<0.05).试验组各段小肠食糜上清的粘度变化趋势与对照一致,回肠的粘度较对照组下降了19.61%(p<0.05);而十二指肠和空肠的粘度差异不显著;十二指肠、空肠和回肠食糜的pH值依次升高,与对照组比较,空肠高1.65%,回肠低1.93%,但差异不显著(p>0.05).以上结果提示:酶制剂通过解除饲料中阿拉伯木聚糖等抗营养因子对消化的负面作用,改变了小肠食糜中理化特性,从而影响其化学性消化和吸收,提高了机体对饲料的转化效率,有利于雏鹅的生长.     

小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏多糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

为研究饲粮中添加不同水平小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏多糖对肉仔鸡肠道pH和肠 道菌 群的影响。试验选用1日龄健康且生产性能相近的艾维茵肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组3个 重复,每个重复20只。选用无任何抗生素的玉米—豆粕型饲粮作为基础饲粮,各试验组分别在 基础饲粮中添加0,0.1％,0.3％,0.5％小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏多糖,试验期42 d。分别于1 4,21,28,42日龄无菌取回肠、盲肠食糜以检测肠道pH和菌群数量。结果表 明 :0.1％,0.3％,0.5％组显著提高了肉仔鸡的回肠、盲肠乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量(P <0 .05),降低了肠道内大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和肠球菌的数量,尤以0.5％添加组的效果最好。0 1％,0.3％,0.5％组降低了肉仔鸡回肠、盲肠的pH,且效果明显。     

复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉仔鸭小肠黏膜的形态及DNA、RNA含量的影响

试验选用180只体重为(59.46±0.09)g的1日龄樱桃谷肉仔鸭,随机分为4组,每组3个重复(栏),每栏15只鸭,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型、稻谷-玉米-豆粕型和稻谷-玉米-豆粕型日粮 500 mg/kg或1000 mg/kg复合酶制剂日粮.在试验的第7和14天,每重复选取体重相近的5只肉仔鸭进行屠宰,在十二指肠远端、空肠中端和回肠中端分别截取5 cm和10 cm的两段相邻肠段,观测了小肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛宽度,并测定了黏膜DNA和RNA含量.结果表明,在1～14 d肉仔鸭稻谷型日粮中添加复合酶制剂可使十二指肠的绒毛高度显著增加,而对小肠黏膜DNA和RNA的含量无显著性影响;在8～14 d,添加1000 mg/kg复合酶制剂可显著增加空肠和回肠的绒毛高度.     

液体发酵制备木聚糖酶及其对育肥猪生长性能与血液生化指标的影响

采用黑曲霉菌3.3162液体发酵制备木聚糖酶,研究发酵条件对酶活力的影响,按优化条件扩大发酵制备木聚糖酶干粉,研究其添加到小麦日粮中对育肥猪生产性能和血液生化指标的影响。选择杜长大三元猪60头,随机分成3个处理组,分别饲喂玉米型日粮和两种小麦加酶日粮(将日粮中玉米的60%直接用小麦代替,酶制剂添加量均为0.18g·kg-1,一组为试验中自制木聚糖酶,另一组为市售复合酶木聚糖酶54000U·g-1,葡聚糖酶42000U·g-1)进行饲养试验。结果表明,利用黑曲霉菌进行液体发酵是理想的木聚糖酶生产工艺,最适发酵条件为pH6、麦麸比例2%、吐温80添加量0.1%与摇瓶装液量50mL。动物试验证明,小麦代替玉米并添加酶制剂饲喂猪可以获得理想的生产性能,但会引起一些血液生化指标的变化。     

植酸酶和木聚糖酶对仔猪钙、磷代谢及骨骼发育的影响

试验采用完全随机设计,将90头35日龄断奶仔猪分为5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复6头,研究在饲粮中添加植酸酶和木聚糖酶对断奶仔猪钙、磷代谢及骨骼发育的影响。5组分别饲喂：①玉米-豆粕基础饲粮（正对照组,PC）;②基础饲粮降低75％磷酸氢钙（负对照组,NC）;③负对照组饲粮＋植酸酶（植酸酶组,phy）;④负对照组饲粮＋木聚糖酶（木聚糖酶组,xy）;⑤负对照组饲粮＋植酸酶＋木聚糖酶（植酸酶-木聚糖酶组,pay—xy）,植酸酶的添加量为750U·kg^-1,木聚糖酶的添加量为4000U·kg^-1。结果表明：单独添加植酸酶和木聚糖酶或两者同时添加均使磷消化率极显著提高（P〈0.01）、排出量显著降低（P〈0．05）,血液磷浓度达到正常磷水平;添加酶的各组钙的消化率显著高于负对照组（植酸酶组、植酸酶一木聚糖酶组P〈0．01;木聚糖酶组P〈0．05）;添加酶的各组猪掌骨灰分均显著高于负对照组（P〈0．05）,但与正对照组无显著差异;添加植酸酶或木聚糖酶仔猪的酿骨强度均显著高于负对照组（P〈0．05）,但木聚糖酶组猪的跟骨强度仍显著低于采食正常磷饲粮的正对照组（P〈0．05）。因此,在断奶仔猪低磷饲粮中添加植酸酶或木聚糖酶都不同程度地促进了钙、磷的消化利用和骨骼生长,但两种酶同时添加没有显著的协同效应。     

小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平的影响(英文)

[Objective] The effects of wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase on blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese were studied. [Method] By using the randomized design of single factor,the 1-day-old healthy goslings were divided into 6 groups and fed with corn based diet,wheat based diet and wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase at different concentrations respectively,the contents of blood sugar and total protein in serum were determined. [Result] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could increase the blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese and wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase generated the best effect,which was higher than those of corn based diet group. As for the concentration of protein in serum,wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase was significantly different from corn based diet and wheat based diet. [Conclusion] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could enhance geese production.     

Effect of Wheat Based Diet Supplemented with Xylanase on Blood Sugar and Total Protein in Serum of Geese

[Objective] The effects of wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase on blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese were studied. [Method] By using the randomized design of single factor,the 1-day-old healthy goslings were divided into 6 groups and fed with corn based diet,wheat based diet and wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase at different concentrations respectively,the contents of blood sugar and total protein in serum were determined. [Result] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could increase the blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese and wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase generated the best effect,which was higher than those of corn based diet group. As for the concentration of protein in serum,wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase was significantly different from corn based diet and wheat based diet. [Conclusion] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could enhance geese production.     

Effect of Wheat Based Diet Supplemented with Xylanase on Blood Sugar and Total Protein in Serum of Geese

[Objective] The effects of wheat based diet supplemented with xylarmse on blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese were studied. [Method] By using the randomized design of single factor, the 1-day-old healthy goslings were divided into 6 groups and fed with corn based diet, wheat based diet and wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase at different concentrations respectively, the contents of blood sugar and total protein in serum were determined. [Result] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could increase the blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese and wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase generated the best effect, which was higher than those of corn based diet group. As for the concentration of protein in senun, wheat based diet supplemented with O. 2% xylarmse was significantly different from corn based diet and wheat based diet. [Conclusion] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could enhance geese production.     

小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平的影响

研究在小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖水平及血清总蛋白水平的影响,探讨其最适添加量和作用机制,以期为小麦饲料和木聚糖酶制剂更好的应用于鹅的生产提供参考。     

米糠日粮添加酶制剂对雏鹅消化器官发育的影响

16只7日龄雏鹅,随机分成对照组和试验两组,饲以米糠（占30％）基础日粮,试验组添加0．2％的酶制剂。实验期为7－21日龄,21日龄时捕杀,称取消化腺和消化道重量并测定小肠食糜上清液的粘度。结果显示：与对照组相比较,试验组雏鹅胰腺的相对重量较对照组分别轻27．14％（P＜0．01）和11．78％（P＜0．05）,胃（肌胃＋腺胃）较对照组低16．06％（P＜0．05）,十二指肠、空肠和回肠分较对照组低11．90％（P＜0．05）、11．48％（P＜0．05）和11．52％（P＜0．05）,盲肠相对重量变化差异不显著（P＞0．05）;回肠食糜上清液粘度显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）。以上结果表明：酶制剂通过降解大麦日粮中的木聚糖等抗营养因子,降低食糜的粘度,从而影响雏鹅消化器官的发育。     

中草药提取物在海兰蛋鸡生产中的应用

选用55周龄的健康海兰蛋鸡720只,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复30只,研究中草药提取物对商品蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础日粮中添加土霉素0．015％,试验2组在基础日粮中添加中草药提取物0．1％,试验3组在基础日粮中添加中草药提取物0．2％。结果表明：试验2组、3组料蛋比与对照组相比分别降低2．84％（P〈0．05）和2．56％（P〈0．05）;胆固醇含量比对照组分别降低14．12％（P〈0．01）和17．23％（P〈0．01）;蛋白质含量分别比对照组提高11．03％（P〈0．05）和14．07％（P〈0．05）;综合各项指标以添加中草药提取物0．1％组效果为最佳。;     

饲料中添加木聚糖酶对刺参幼参生长、消化和体腔液酶活力的影响

为探讨木聚糖酶添加量对刺参Apostichopus japonicus生长、体成分、消化酶和体腔液酶活力的影响,在饲料中添加不同水平(0、0.03%、0.06%、0.09%、0.12%和0.24%)的木聚糖酶制成6种等氮等能试验饲料,试验设6组,每组设3个平行,每个平行放体质量为(7.73±0.09)g的幼参50头,分别用6种饲料进行投喂,共进行56 d养殖试验。结果表明:饲料中添加木聚糖酶显著提高了幼参增重率和特定生长率(P0.05),且0.09%木聚糖酶添加组显著高于其他各组(P0.05),各添加组增重率与对照组相比均显著提高(P0.05);木聚糖酶添加组幼参体壁粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),0.06%~0.24%木聚糖酶添加组幼参粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);0.06%~0.12%木聚糖酶添加组肠道蛋白酶活力显著高于对照组(P0.05),0.24%添加组淀粉酶活力显著高于其他各组(P0.05);幼参体腔液中溶菌酶、过氧化氢酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力均随木聚糖酶添加量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,0.06%~0.12%添加组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加木聚糖酶可显著提高刺参生长、体成分、消化酶和体腔液酶活力,以增重率为评价指标,折线回归分析得出,对平均体质量为(7.73±0.09)g的刺参,其饲料中木聚糖酶最适添加量为900 mg/kg。     

“百草霜”对大刺鳅生长及其酶活性的影响

研究旨在考察饲料中添加不同水平的“百草霜”对大刺鳅生长、消化酶及非特异免疫活性的影响。将野生大刺鳅子一代(Mastacembelus aculeatus)幼鱼随机分成4 组,每组3 个平行,其中1 组为饲喂鳗鲡配合饲料的对照组,另外3 组分别为饲喂添加0.1%、0.5%、1.0%“百草霜”鳗鲡配合饲料的试验组,水温26~28℃,溶解氧5.0~6.0 mg/L,pH 6.5~7.5,饲养周期为56 天。结果表明：与对照组相比,添加0.5%“百草霜”对大刺鳅增重率和特定生长率分别提高了24.76%和16.18%(P<0.05),而0.1%组饲料系数降低了30.23%(P<0.05)。添加“百草霜”未影响大刺鳅成活率(P>0.05)。胃蛋白酶在0.5%组最高(P<0.05);肠道及肝脏淀粉酶活力随着“百草霜”浓度的增大均呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中0.1%组效果最好,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。非特异性免疫指标的测定结果显示：添加0.1%和0.5%的大刺鳅肠道超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而肝脏过氧化氢酶活性在0.1%组达到最大(P<0.05),各组肝脏SOD、AKP、ACP与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。上述研究表明,饲料中添加剂量为0.1%~0.5%的“百草霜”能显著提高大刺鳅酶活性,满足生长需求。