Cst B基因在90日龄大白猪不同组织中的表达研究

采用RT-PCR技术,对90日龄大白猪心肌、肝脏、胃、肾脏、肺、大肠、小肠、背肌和腿肌组织中表达情况进行研究,得到Cst B基因在肾脏、肺、大肠和小肠中有较高的表达,而在心肌、背肌和腿肌等肌肉组织中表达量相对较低。     

不同生长阶段尼罗罗非鱼IGF1基因表达分析

为阐明IGF1基因在罗非鱼生长过程中的表达规律,为罗非鱼的分子选育等工作奠定了理论基础,本实验利用实时荧光定量PCR技术跟踪尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)在不同生长阶段（0、20、40、60、80、125、145、165、185、205天）肝脏和肌肉胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)基因表达的发育性变化。结果表明：实验鱼的体重增长过程可以分为快速生长期和平稳期。在快速生长期时,肝脏IGF1基因表达水平较高,平稳期时较低,肝脏中IGF1基因表达情况与体重增长趋势基本吻合。肌肉中IGF1基因mRNA含量要低得多,而且表达模式与肝脏IGF1基因不相同。研究结果提示：IGF1 mRNA的表达具有明显的时空变化和组织特异性。肝脏中IGF1基因的表达量变化与罗非鱼体重增长趋势一致。肌肉中IGF1表达模式与肝脏中不同,提示肌肉中IGF1的分泌和作用有其自身的特异性。     

敖汉细毛羊Hoxa5、BMPR1B基因互作研究

旨在构建敖汉细毛羊Hoxa5、BMPR1B基因的质粒及共转染成纤维细胞后,通过基因表达量变化研究两基因的互作。以敖汉细毛羊为研究对象,采集40日龄的胎羊。首先,通过RNA的提取反转录成cDNA,参照GenBank中Hoxa5、BMPR1B基因序列信息分别设计1对引物,通过PCR反应扩增获得Hoxa5、BMPR1B基因片段,将得到的Hoxa5、BMPR1B基因分别连接到pEASYTM-T1载体,构建pEASYTM-T1-Hoxa5、pEASYTM-T1-BMPR1B重组质粒并转化大肠杆菌(E.coli)DH5α感受态细胞,提取质粒进行酶切鉴定。鉴定正确后构建pcDNA3.1-Hoxa5、pcDNA3.1-BMPR1B重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌(E.coli)DH5α感受态细胞。其次,对敖汉细毛羊的成纤维细胞进行分离培养,并将构建的质粒pcDNA3.1-Hoxa5、pcDNA3.1-BMPR1B共转染成纤维细胞,利用荧光定量PCR技术和Western Blot技术检测Hoxa5、BMPR1B基因单转染和共转染在成纤维细胞中表达量的变化。结果显示,经酶切、测序鉴定质粒pcDNA3.1-Hoxa5、pcDNA3.1-BMPR1B构建成功,并且共转染成纤维细胞BMPR1B基因的表达量明显下降,Hoxa5基因的表达量明显升高且共转染组的表达量极显著地高于单转染组(P0.01)。成功构建了敖汉细毛羊Hoxa5、BMPR1B基因的质粒,并且成功共转染成纤维细胞,Hoxa5基因的表达量明显升高,BMPR1B基因的表达量明显下降,因而Hoxa5基因抑制了BMPR1B基因的表达,BMPR1B基因促进了Hoxa5基因的表达,结果可为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。     

玉米ERD基因的表达模式及ZmERD6基因的抗旱性分析

为了进一步了解玉米ZmERD基因,基于旱胁迫转录组数据,筛选出5个ZmERD基因。将这些基因编码的蛋白质与拟南芥16个ERD蛋白进行进化分析发现,GRMZM2G181206和GRMZM2G128641基因编码的蛋白质分别与AT4G02900和AT1G32090基因编码的蛋白质同源性较高。时空表达分析发现,GRMZM2G109201、GRMZM2G181206和GRMZM2G12864基因属于组成型表达,GRMZM2G134192基因属于特异型表达,只在花药中高表达。属于ERD6亚家族的GRMZM2G109201基因在旱敏感型(B73)和抗旱型(郑58)自交系中均表达,且郑58中表达量显著高于B73;随着旱胁迫时间的延长,GRMZM2G109201基因在B73中表达量差异不显著,但在郑58中表达量升高幅度达到显著水平。亚细胞定位显示,GRMZM2G109201基因编码的ZmERD6蛋白定位于质膜。推测GRMZM2G109201基因参与旱胁迫,且被正向诱导。     

类乌齐牦牛C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因克隆与组织表达分析

补体C1q(Complement 1q)蛋白由A、B、C 3条多肽链构成,在维护机体内环境稳定、氧化应激、糖脂代谢等过程发挥重要作用。为研究牦牛C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因的分子特性及在不同组织中的表达水平,探讨该基因对牦牛高原适应性的影响,通过克隆获得牦牛C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因的CDS区序列,分析其核苷酸序列相似性并构建系统进化树;利用在线软件进行功能预测分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测3个基因在牦牛心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏组织中的相对表达量。结果显示:C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因CDS区全长分别为735,744,732 bp,分别编码244,247,243个氨基酸;3个基因编码的蛋白质均为稳定的亲水性蛋白,主要由甘氨酸(Gly)和脯氨酸(Pro)组成,含有C1Q结构域和信号肽,不存在跨膜结构域,属胞外蛋白;蛋白氨基酸序列中分别存在18,21,15个潜在的磷酸化位点,三者二级结构主要由无规则卷曲构成,比例分别为61.85%,63.97%,66.67%。荧光定量结果显示,C1QA、C1QB基因在肺脏、脾脏中表达量较高,极显著高于心脏、肝脏、肾脏组织(P0.01),C1QC基因在肺脏的表达量极显著高于心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织(P0.01)。试验结果为深入研究C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因在牦牛高原适应中的生理功能和调控机制提供了基础数据。     

陆地棉中赤霉素合成途径关键酶基因的时空表达变化

为揭示赤霉素合成途径关键酶基因在棉花生长发育过程中的调控作用,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法中的相对定量方法,对中棉所49材料植株体内的赤霉素合成途径相关基因表达量进行了检测分析。结果显示,幼苗期茎组织内除GA2ox1基因外,其余各基因表达量相对较高。开花期根中GA2ox1、GA3ox1、GID1B,茎中CPS1、GA20ox1、GA3ox1、GID1B和叶中GA3ox1基因表达量上调;吐絮期根中GA2ox1和GA3ox1基因表达量上调,其余基因下调,茎中KS、GID1B基因表达量下调,其余基因上调,其中以GA2ox1上调幅度最大,叶中GA2ox1基因表达量下调,其余基因上调。结果表明,开花期,茎中GA20ox1基因的高表达为植株茎的伸长及果枝发育提供必要的活性赤霉素水平,GA3ox1基因可能与开花成铃有关;吐絮期,随着根茎组织的木质化,根茎中GA2ox1基因表达量逐渐升高以降低活性GAs合成,而叶组织中GA3ox1和GA20ox1基因表达量上调,则为棉桃生长发育与脱水成熟提供必要的激素水平。棉花通过改变植株体内赤霉素合成代谢途径关键酶基因的表达量来调控植株的生长发育,且随着生长发育的进行,各目的基因的表达量变化趋势存在一定差异。为深入研究赤霉素对陆地棉的调控机理提供了理论基础,有助于加快利用赤霉素进行品种改良与种质创新。     

大蒲莲猪不同发育阶段组织RT-qPCR分析中适宜内参基因筛选

利用适宜数量且表达稳定的内参基因对目的基因的表达量进行标准化是获得准确、可靠RT-qPCR数据的重要条件。以不同日龄大蒲莲猪8种组织(心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、肠组织、肌肉、血液)为试验材料,使用ge Norm、Norm Find软件对8个常用候选内参基因(ACTB、B2M、GAPDH、RPL4、SDHA、TBP、YWHAZ、PPIA)的表达稳定性进行分析,筛选适宜内参基因及其组合。ge Norm、Norm Find软件联合分析结果表明,不同日龄大蒲莲猪心脏中表达最稳定的内参基因为TBP、PPIA和YWHAZ,肝脏、肾脏、肠组织和肌肉中最稳定的内参基因均为TBP和PPIA,脾脏中表达最稳定内参基因为TBP和RPL4,肺脏中表达最稳定内参基因为TBP、RPL4、PPIA和ACTB,血液中表达最稳定内参基因为ACTB、YWHAZ和GAPDH。由于大蒲莲猪8种体组织中最适宜内参基因组合和数量不同,因此内参基因筛选是进行RT-qPCR数据分析的必要条件。结果可为研究大蒲莲猪目的基因表达时适宜内参基因的选择提供帮助。     

FT／TFL 类基因在山葡萄雌雄花中的表达分析

为了研究FT／TFL类基因山葡萄雌花和雄花中的表达模式，以山葡萄3个雄花品系和3个雌花品系为材料，根据GenBank上已经发表的3个葡萄FT／TFL类基因设计引物，利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究VvFT、VvTFL1A和VvTFL1B这3个基因在山葡萄雌花和雄花中的表达。3个基因在山葡萄雌花和雄花中都有表达。 VvFT基因在雌花中的表达量显著高于雄花。而VvTFL1A和VvTFL1B这2个基因在雄花中的表达量略高于雌花。 VvFT基因的表达高峰出现在花序刚开始展露期（5月14日）；而VvTFL1A和VvTFL1B表达高峰出现在芽体膨大期（4月30日）。结果表明，这两类基因在山葡萄花发育过程中作用时间不同。 FT类基因可能参与花的前期调控，而TFL类基因在花器官发育中起作用。     

金华猪DGAT1、DGAT2基因发育性表达特点及其与肌内脂肪的关联分析

二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶是催化甘油三酯合成最后一步反应的关键酶,包括DGAT1和DGAT2两种;阐明其在发育过程中的表达规律,对于找到控制猪脂肪沉积能力的基因十分必要.运用实时荧光定量RT-PCR的方法,对60,90,120日龄金华猪肝脏、皮脂和眼肉中DGAT的mRNA表达量进行了分析,同时分析了DGAT基因mRNA表达量...     

牦牛肌钙蛋白Ⅰ基因家族的克隆及组织表达分析

为了克隆TNNI基因家族,预测其蛋白结构和功能,并分析其在牦牛不同组织中的表达差异,以0.5岁健康的类乌齐牦牛为试验材料,采用RT-PCR技术克隆牦牛肌钙蛋白Ⅰ基因家族的CDS区序列并进行生物信息学分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测TNNI基因家族各成员的mRNA表达水平。结果表明,TNNI1、TNNI2和TNNI3基因CDS区大小分别为564,549,639 bp,分别编码187,182,212个氨基酸残基。预测分析结果显示:TNNI基因家族编码的蛋白质均为偏碱性蛋白,蛋白结构不稳定,均无跨膜结构域,无信号肽,属非分泌型蛋白;二、三级结构均以α-螺旋为主,均含有肌蛋白超家族保守结构域。系统进化树分析表明:类乌齐牦牛TNNI1基因与水牛的亲缘关系最近,其次是绵羊、黄牛,与小鼠亲缘关系最远;TNNI2和TNNI3均与黄牛、水牛的亲缘关系较近,与其他亲缘关系较远。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,TNNI1和TNNI2基因在臀肌中的相对表达量最高,且TNNI1基因在心脏、肝脏和肺脏中的表达量显著高于TNNI2基因(P0.05),TNNI3基因在心脏中表达量较高,而在肺脏、臀肌和肝脏中表达量低。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.