黄芪多糖对细小病毒感染犬血常规与脂质过氧化的影响及疗效研究

将临床收集确诊的40只细小病毒病犬分为黄芪多糖组和常规治疗组,对黄芪多糖是否具有治疗犬细小病毒病的作用进行试验研究,并以犬血常规变化来检验其疗效。结果表明：细小病毒病以2～5月龄犬发病较多,并以肠炎型为主。犬感染细小病毒后白细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积均低于正常值范围。黄芪多糖能够升高病犬白细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量,除红细胞数外,在治疗第6天均恢复到正常水平。黄芪多糖能够升高病犬血清中SOD的活性,治疗第6天与基础值比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）;同时能够降低病犬血清中MDA的含量,在治疗第6天与基础值比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）,与健康对照组相近。黄芪多糖组治愈率为90％,常规治疗组治愈率为70％。     

黄芪糖对细小病毒感染犬血常规与脂质过氧化的影响明证疗效研究

将临床收集确诊的40只细小病毒病犬分为黄芪多糖组和常规治疗组,对黄芪多糖是否具有治疗犬细小病毒病的作用进行试验研究,并以犬血常规变化来检验其疗效.结果表明:细小病毒病以2～5月龄犬发病较多,并以肠炎型为主.犬感染细小病毒后白细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积均低于正常值范围.黄芪多糖能够升高病犬白细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量,除红细胞数外,在治疗第6天均恢复到正常水平.黄芪多糖能够升高病犬血清中SOD的活性,治疗第6天与基础值比较差异极显著(P＜0.01);同时能够降低病犬血清中MDA的含量,在治疗第6天与基础值比较差异极显著(P＜0.01),与健康对照组相近.黄芪多糖组治愈率为90%,常规治疗组治愈率为70%.     

黄苠多糖对细小病毒感染犬血常规与脂质过氧化的影响及疗效

将临床收集确诊的40只细小病毒病犬分为黄芪多糖组和常规治疗组，对黄芪多糖是否具有治疗犬细小病毒病的作用进行试验研究。并以犬血常规变化来检验其疗效。结果表明：细小病毒病以2～5月龄犬发病较多，并以肠炎型为主。犬感染细小病毒后白细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积均低于正常值范围。黄芪多糖能够升高病犬白细胞数、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量，除红细胞数外，在治疗第6天均恢复到正常水平。黄芪多糖能够升高病犬血清中SOD的活性，治疗第6天与基础值比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）；同时能够降低病犬血清中MDA的含量，在治疗第6天与基础值比较差异极显著（〈O．01），与健康对照组相近。黄芪多糖组治愈率为90％．常规治疗组治愈率为70％。     

用葡庚糖酐铁与葡聚糖铁治疗仔猪缺铁性贫血

以24头平均体重为9千克的仔猪作葡庚糖酐铁与葡聚糖铁的治疗缺铁性贫血的比较试验.试验组(n=18)给予缺铁性饲料,对照组(n=6)以200ppm 延胡索酸铁添加在缺铁饲料里。试验组分为3个小组,试验开始后第21天,两个小组分别肌肉注射200毫克葡庚糖酐铁和葡聚糖铁.另外1组作对照。在试验开始后的35天内,每隔7天进行临床观察、采血和体重测定。试验组的红细胞数、红细胞压积,血红蛋白、血清铁及血清铁蛋白均有下降,总铁结合能增加,红细胞呈小细胞性低色素变化等,试验开始后21天表现典型的缺铁性贫血症状。注射葡庚糖酐铁后,红细胞数、血红蛋     

兽医临床上几类常见动物贫血症的特点和鉴别

1小细胞低色素性贫血动物缺铁或缺铜时，可引起小细胞低色素性贫血，其特征是红细胞小，染色淡，中央透亮区大。因每个红细胞较小，故红细胞压积低，血红蛋白浓度下降，每个红细胞内血红蛋白浓度低，可视黏膜由淡粉红色变为淡白色或苍白色。病畜安静时呼吸平和，但运动后喘息，皮肤更显苍白至发绀。血清铁浓度下降，血清铁蛋白明显降低，铁饱和度明显减低，骨髓贮铁及肝、脾内黄铁蛋白浓度明显减少，血清铜蓝蛋白浓度正常或偏低。当缺铜导致低色素性小细胞性贫血时，主要是因为铁在贮存场所不能及时运送到骨髓参与造血，因而血清铁浓度正常，铁饱和度正常，骨髓贮铁减少，肝、脾内黄铁蛋白浓度增多，肝、脾切片中布满染成棕黄色的枯否氏细胞，血清铜蓝蛋白浓度下降，血铜浓度偏低或正常。长期使用某些药物，如抗结核药中毒、铅中毒、血液肿瘤、癌症、溶血、卟啉病等，可导致铁利用障碍时，也可产生小细胞低色素性贫血。这时，血清铁浓度升高，铁饱和度增高，血清铁蛋白增高，骨髓贮铁明显增多等。此外，慢性感染、消耗性疾病导致铁吸收利用障碍，也可导致小细胞低色素性贫血。     

洋姜治疗仔猪贫血的试验研究

本研究以洋姜治疗仔猪贫血,通过检测血清铁、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、转铁蛋白、网织红细胞数等指标的变化,验证该药对仔猪贫血的治疗效果。结果表明,饲喂洋姜7d后,试验组中血清铁和红细胞压积显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验组血红蛋白、转铁蛋白浓度与对照组相比,差异极显著(P0.01)。饲喂15d后,试验组仔猪血清铁、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、转铁蛋白浓度与对照组相比,差异极显著(P0.01)。而试验期内2组间网织红细胞数差异均不显著(P0.05)。说明洋姜能显著提高血液中铁离子、血红蛋白水平,有效增加转铁蛋白饱和度,对治疗仔猪贫血具有较好的效果。     

黄芪多糖对血虚模型鸡外周血的影响

为探讨黄芪多糖对血虚模型鸡外周血的影响,本试验采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide,CTX）复制鸡的血虚模型(以80 mg/kg剂量连续腹腔注射6 d）,分别用高、中、低3个浓度的黄芪多糖给血虚模型鸡连续饮水7 d,然后分别测定各组鸡外周血中红细胞数、血红蛋白含量和血小板数的变化并进行比较。结果发现, 与健康不用药对照组相比,在饮水中添加100 μg/mL黄芪多糖能极显著提高血虚模型鸡外周血中红细胞数、血红蛋白含量和血小板数（P＜0.01）, 并使其恢复至正常水平（P＞0.05）。     

黄芪多糖脂质体对肉鸡免疫指标的影响

[目的]评价饲料中添加黄芪多糖脂质体对肉鸡免疫力的影响。[方法]将240只1日龄三黄鸡肉鸡随机分为5组,即空白对照组(饲喂基础日粮),黄芪多糖溶液对照组(基础日粮中添加100 m L/kg黄芪多糖溶液),黄芪多糖脂质体低、中、高剂量组(基础日粮中分别添加50、100、200 m L/kg黄芪多糖脂质体),正式试验期持续42 d。于试验的第14天、第28天和第42天从每组随机选取6只鸡采血,制备血清,测定并比较各组肉鸡血清中的一氧化氮(NO)、溶菌酶(LZM)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量。[结果]在试验第14天,黄芪多糖脂质体低、高剂量组肉鸡血清中的NO、LZM含量均显著高于空白对照组和黄芪多糖溶液对照组(P0.05),中剂量组的LZM含量显著高于空白对照组和黄芪多糖溶液对照组(P0.05)。在试验第28天,黄芪多糖脂质体低剂量组肉鸡血清中的LZM、IFN-γ含量显著高于空白对照组(P0.05),血清NO含量显著高于空白对照组和黄芪多糖溶液对照组(P0.05);中、高剂量组的血清LZM含量显著高于空白对照组和黄芪多糖溶液对照组(P0.05);高剂量组的血清IFN-γ含量显著高于空白对照组(P0.05)。在试验第42天,黄芪多糖脂质体低剂量组肉鸡血清中的NO、IL-2含量显著高于空白对照组(P0.05);中、高剂量组的血清IL-2含量显著高于空白对照组(P0.05)。综合4项免疫指标来看,黄芪多糖脂质体在肉鸡饲料中的适宜添加量为50 mL/kg,适宜添加时间为28 d。     

黄芪多糖铁对仔猪生长性能和贫血症影响的研究

为了探究黄芪多糖铁对仔猪生长性能的影响及对贫血症的治疗效果,本试验对3日龄仔猪灌服适宜剂量的黄芪多糖铁溶液,并测定其日增重、存活率、仔猪痢疾发病率及血红蛋白含量。结果表明：试验期间各组仔猪发育生长正常,未见其精神和行为异常;黄芪多糖铁可显著提高仔猪日增重及存活率（P〈0.05）,降低仔猪痢疾的发病率,其血红蛋白含量始终维持在临界水平以上。     

猪铁缺乏在饲料中的补充

铁缺乏症又称仔猪营养性贫血或仔猪缺铁性贫血,是由于机体铁缺乏而引起猪贫血和生长受阻的营养代谢病。临床上以血红蛋白含量降低、红细胞数减少以及皮肤、粘膜苍白为主要特征。多发于2～4周龄的哺乳仔猪,集约化猪场比较     

铁对1~4周龄五龙鹅生产性能、造血功能和铁代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮铁添加水平对1~4周龄五龙鹅生产性能、造血功能和铁代谢的影响,以确定鹅饲粮铁的适宜添加水平。试验选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复10只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ~Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加40、80、120、160、200 mg/kg铁的试验饲粮。试验期4周。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮中添加80~120 mg/kg铁能显著或极显著增加五龙鹅的体重和平均日增重(P0.05或P0.01),显著降低料重比(P0.05);2)饲粮中添加80~120 mg/kg铁显著提高了鹅的屠宰率、半净膛率和腿肌率(P0.05);3)饲粮中添加80 mg/kg铁显著提高了鹅血液的平均红细胞体积和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加80~200 mg/kg铁显著提高了鹅血液的红细胞数和血红蛋白浓度(P0.05),饲粮中添加120~200 mg/kg铁显著或极显著提高了鹅血液的红细胞压积(P0.05或P0.01);4)饲粮中添加160~200 mg/kg铁显著降低了鹅血清中总铁结合力(P0.05),显著提高鹅血清中转铁蛋白饱和度(P0.05);饲粮中添加120 mg/kg铁显著降低了鹅血清中尿素氮和肌酐含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加80 mg/kg铁显著降低了鹅血清中尿酸含量(P0.05)。由此可见,以最佳生长性能为目标,1~4周龄五龙鹅饲粮中铁的适宜添加水平为99.56~116.91 mg/kg。     

甘氨酸亚铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、铁表观消化率及血清铁相关指标的影响

本试验旨在研究甘氨酸亚铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、铁表观消化率及血清铁相关指标的影响。试验选取12头(28±1)日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,根据体重、健康状况等均衡分布原则分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头仔猪,单个饲养于消化代谢笼。试验分为2个阶段,第1阶段:2组均饲喂缺铁基础饲粮10 d,使仔猪处于临近贫血状态;第2阶段:对照组在缺铁基础饲粮中额外添加100 mg/kg的硫酸亚铁(以铁计),试验组额外添加100 mg/kg的甘氨酸亚铁(以铁计),试验期10 d。结果表明:与添加硫酸亚铁相比,饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁有降低仔猪料重比的趋势(P0.10),降低了4.57%,但对仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.10);饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能显著降低粪中的铁排出量和铁排出总量(P0.05),分别降低了23.11%和22.09%;饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能极显著提高铁表观消化率和表观代谢率(P0.01),分别提高了13.34%和22.42%;同时,饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能显著提高血清中的铁饱和度和血液中的铁含量(P0.05)。综上,甘氨酸亚铁可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,提高血液铁含量,改善仔猪铁代谢状况,降低粪便铁排出量,是一种绿色高效的新型补铁剂。     

Iron deficiency and pseudo-iron deficiency in hospitalized horses

Values for serum ferritin, serum iron, and serum total-iron binding capacity were determined in 100 hospitalized horses. Six foals had iron deficiency, as indicated by low serum ferritin and iron concentrations. Twenty-eight horses had low serum iron content and normal or high serum ferritin content and were considered to have pseudo-iron deficiency, possibly in response to infection. Ten horses had serum ferritin concentrations that were quite high, probably indicating iron overload.     

The effect of "Ferrodex", vitamin A and "Rovimix beta-carotene" on the iron and copper levels in blood plasma of calves

The effect of Ferrodex, vitamin A and synthetic beta-carotene on the content of iron and copper in the blood serum has been investigated in three groups of calves: I control group without vitamin supplements, II group received only once with the first colostrum dose 1.5 million IU of vitamin A, III group received Rovimix beta carotene containing 10 per cent of the synthetic beta carotene with Mlekomix from the 21st day to the 13th week of life. Moreover half of the calves from each group received Ferrodex intramusculary. Content of iron, total iron binding capacity by serum proteins, level of indirect and direct copper as well as the content of ceruloplasmin were determined in the blood serum of calves. Moreover hematocrit and hemoglobin content in the blood were determined. The results obtained show that a triple intramuscular injection of Ferrodex caused an increase of the level of iron, copper and ceruloplasmin in the blood serum of calves. However, a single administration of vitamin A to the calves or a continuous administration of Rovimix beta-carotene decreased significantly the level of iron and ceruloplasmin copper in blood serum as well as caused a more dynamic ceruloplasmin synthesis with a simultaneous increase in its utilization.     

不同形式补铁补硒对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响

[目的] 比较母猪和仔猪不同形式的补铁补硒对仔猪生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响。[方法] 将32头母猪随机分为8组,每组4头,1~4组基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠,5~8组基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸。2组和6组母猪所产仔猪于3日龄肌注铁硒合剂;3组和7组仔猪基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠;4组和8组仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸;1组和5组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,不接受任何形式的补铁补硒。母猪预产期前30 d开始饲喂试验日粮,仔猪7日龄时开始饲喂试验日粮,试验至仔猪21日龄断奶结束。测定并比较不同组别仔猪生长性能指标、血液生化指标以及免疫性能指标,以及不同组别母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量。[结果] 在仔猪补铁补硒形式相同的条件下,母猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸（5~8组）与基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠（1~4组）相比,能够显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）提高仔猪的初生重、断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,2日龄和21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量,以及母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量;在2种形式的母猪补铁补硒条件下,与不补铁补硒相比,仔猪不同补铁补硒形式（2~4组和6~8组）对其断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,以及21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量均有极显著（P<0.01）的提高作用,并且仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸的效果优于肌注铁硒合剂和基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠。[结论] 母猪和仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸,能有效提升仔猪的生长性能、血液生化指标和免疫性能。     

Iron deficiency in outdoor pig production

It has been claimed that outdoor-reared suckling piglets do not need iron supplementation. According to practical experience, outdoor-reared and non-iron-supplemented piglets show a lower performance in comparison with their iron-supplemented counterparts. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of iron supplementation on outdoor-reared suckling piglets. In a large Hungarian outdoor pig production unit, 4691 piglets were assigned to one of two treatment groups. Piglets in group 1 (n = 2344): received no iron supplementation, whereas piglets in group 2 (n = 2347) were intramuscularly injected in the neck on day 3 post-partum with 1.5 ml of Ferriphor 10% solution (TAD Pharmaceutical GmbH, Bremerhaven, Germany). Animal weights, morbidity, haemoglobin concentration and mortality were recorded and analysed. At weaning the iron-injected piglets were significantly (P < 0.05) heavier. The iron-supplemented piglets also revealed significantly (P < 0.01) less pre-weaning morbidity and mortality and higher (P < 0.01) blood haemoglobin concentration compared with the non-injected ones. This study suggests that in order to prevent pre-weaning losses and support piglet health and weight performance, iron supplementation should be administered to piglets in outdoor pig production units.     

Antimicrobial alternatives for calf diarrhea: sera trace element responses to Escherichia coli-, deferoxamine-, or gallium-induced diarrhea

Aseptic and septic inflammatory diseases often are associated with marked changes in tissue and sera trace element kinetics. Iron and zinc sequestration by the host may serve as a protective effect against microbial proliferation, but may deprive host tissues of these necessary elements as well. Conversely, systemic iron administration has been shown to increase susceptibility to, and severity of, infectious diseases, although deficient iron stores may be repleted. Escherichia coli enteritis in calves provides a model wherein the effects of enteric iron antagonism and parenteral iron supplementation may be studied simultaneously. Male calves (n = 12) were given (IM injection) 300 mg of iron-dextran after base-line blood samples were obtained, then the calves were allotted to 4 groups (each of 3 calves): group 1 (control)--orally given nonpathogenic E coli; group 2--orally given enterotoxigenic B44 E coli; group 3--orally given deferoxamine (50 mg/kg, twice a day); group 4--orally given gallium (4 mg/kg; twice a day). Calves were studied for 8 days; blood samples were obtained each day (day 1 through day 8) for hematologic and serum biochemical analyses. There were significant increases in serum iron concentration and % saturation in all calves within 24 hours of iron-dextran administration, which returned to base-line values in all but group 4 (given gallium) within 3 days. In the exceptional group (4), total iron-binding capacity decreased with time, as in the other groups, but serum iron concentration remained significantly increased, implying gallium interference with systemic iron assimilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

铁过量或缺乏对新生仔猪血清生化指标及肝脏hepcidin mRNA表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究铁过量或缺乏对新生仔猪血清生化指标及肝脏hepcidin mRNA表达量的影响.挑选新出生的“杜长大”三元杂交仔猪15头[平均体重为(1.22±0.13)kg],随机分为3组,即缺铁组、正常组和铁过量组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头猪.3和7日龄时,缺铁组分别注射1 mL生理盐水,正常组分别注射1 mL右旋糖酐铁(含铁150 mg),铁过量组分别注射3 mL右旋糖酐铁(含铁450 mg).7日龄时,将所有仔猪全部处死,采集血清,并分离肝脏和脾脏,以测定血清生化指标、机体铁含量和肝脏hepcidin mRNA表达量.结果表明:肝脏、脾脏和血清中铁的含量均随着注射铁量的增加而显著或极显著增加(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).与正常组相比,铁过量组血清中血红蛋白、球蛋白、总蛋白、丙二醛含量以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化物酶活性显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05);而缺铁组血清中血红蛋白、球蛋白、总蛋白、丙二醛含量以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性则显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05).与正常组相比,铁过量组仔猪肝脏中hepcidin mRNA表达量极显著升高(P＜0.01),而缺铁组则极显著降低(P＜0.01).由此得出,铁过量或缺乏均会影响新生仔猪机体的免疫功能和抗氧化功能;铁过量可提高新生仔猪机体铁含量和肝脏中hepcidin mRNA表达量,铁缺乏则会降低新生仔猪机体铁含量和肝脏中hepcidin mRNA表达量.     

Iron storage disease in captive Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus): relationship of blood iron parameters to hepatic iron concentrations and hepatic histopathology.

This study evaluated the relationship between blood iron parameters and hepatic iron concentrations, and correlation of histologic findings with hepatic iron concentrations in a captive population of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) and island flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus). Blood samples were collected for complete blood counts, plasma biochemical profiles, serum iron concentrations, total iron-binding capacity, whole-blood lead concentrations, and plasma ferritin assays. Liver samples obtained by laparotomy were divided, with one half processed for histologic examination and the other half frozen and submitted for tissue mineral analysis. The histologic sections were scored by two blinded observers for iron deposition, necrosis, and fibrosis. The Egyptian fruit bats had significantly higher liver iron (mean = 3,669 +/- 1,823 ppm) and lead (mean = 8.9 +/- 5.8 ppm) concentrations than the island flying foxes (mean [Fe] = 174 +/- 173 ppm, mean [Pb] = 1.9 +/- 0.5 ppm). Hepatic iron concentrations significantly correlated with tissue lead concentrations, histologic grading for iron and necrosis, serum iron, transferrin saturation, and plasma ferritin (P < 0.001). Blood lead concentrations negatively correlated with tissue lead concentrations (P < 0.001). When the product of transferrin saturation and serum iron was greater than 51, an individual animal had a high probability of having iron overload. When the product of these two variables was greater than 90, there was a high probability that the animal had hemochromatosis. On the basis of this study, it appears that evaluation of serum iron, transferrin saturation, and plasma ferritin are useful and noninvasive methods for diagnosis of hemochromatosis in Egyptian fruit bats.     

Anemia of inflammation in dogs infected with Ehrlichia platys

Ten adult male dogs were inoculated with Ehrlichia platys, and blood samples were collected throughout the infection to evaluate the hematologic changes with respect to serum biochemical analytes. All dogs developed a mild, normocytic, normochromic anemia by postinoculation day 7, with significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased serum iron concentration and total iron-binding capacity. Stainable bone marrow iron appeared normal or increased throughout the infection. By postinoculation day 31, the PCV was not significantly different from the pretreatment value. All dogs became hypergammaglobulinemic, leukopenic, hypoalbuminemic, and hypocalcemic during the infection. These findings were compatible with the syndrome of anemia of inflammation.