毛白杨无性系木材性状与生长性状的相关分析

对24个20年生毛白杨无性系（含对照）的生长性状、木材基本密度和纤维形态进行了测定分析,并分析了木材性状与生长性状的相关性。结果表明：毛白杨无性系各生长性状差异均达显著和极显著水平,为选择优良无性系提供了丰富的变异来源。毛白杨无性系木材材质指标满足造纸要求,适合作纤维原料,通过对毛白杨无性系生长性状与木材性状之间的相关分析,发现毛白杨木材基本密度与胸径、材积存在一定的相关,与树高存在微弱的相关,总的来看木材基本密度与生长性状相关均不显著;而纤维长度与胸径、材积存在弱负相关,与树高存在微弱的相关。研究中也发现生长快的无性系也可以有较大的木材基本密度。     

31个泡桐无性系性状相关性研究

在３１个泡桐无性系１０ａ生试验林中挑选出２３个性状，并７个性状组进行分析研究。结果证明：多数性状无性系间差异显著，并且有极强的相关性。因此通过对一个性状的选择可使其它相关性状得到改良；少部分性状相关性不强，所以在泡桐无性系的选择中，应采用不同的选择方向。     

三倍体毛白杨无性系生长性状研究

以三倍体毛白杨无性系B301、B302、B303、B304、B305、B306、B317、B318、B331、B385、B513、B517、BM13、BM19、BM27、BM86为试验材料,以易县毛白杨作为对照,进行田间试验,对各无性系的树高、胸径、材积进行逐年分析,发现B301、B303、B331、B513、B517这五个无性系树高、胸径、材积明显大于易县毛白杨.     

31个泡桐无性系性状相关性研究

在３１个泡桐无性系１０ａ生试验林中挑选出２３个性状，并分成７个性状组进行分析研究。结果证明：多数性状无性系间差异显著，并且有极强的相关性。因此通过对一个性状的选择可使其它相关性状得到改良；少部分性状相关性不强，所以在泡桐无性系的选择中，应采用不同的选择方向     

毛白杨无性系多性状综合分析

采用毛白杨优树无性系为试验材料,对12个性状进行了主成分分析和聚类分析,结果表明,所调查的12个性状中,前2个主成分的特征根的累积贡献率迭95．59％,分别为表示分枝角度的综合因子,表示胸径和树干5m处直径的综合因子。在遗传距离0．08处,24个无性系被划分为4类,为毛白杨多性状选择优良无性系提供依据。     

毛白杨优良无性系生长性状数量分析

对温县国有苗圃场栽培的7个10 a生毛白杨无性系及对照河南毛白杨的树高和胸径生长进行了分析。结果表明,7个毛白杨无性系间树高和胸径生长没有显著差异,各无性系的树高和胸径均大于对照河南毛白杨,可以作为优良无性系建立采穗圃繁育良种壮苗。7个毛白杨无性系的树高重复力为0.426,胸径重复力为0.327。研究的结果为杨树人工林建设和城乡绿化提供参考。     

毛白杨无性系数量性状的遗传距离分析

采用毛白杨优树及其轮交、回交无性系为试验材料，运用多元统计方法对１３个性状进行了综合分析和遗传距离估算及聚类分析，结果表明：所调查的１３个性状在３４个无性系间差异达极显著水平，且具有中等以上的遗传力；前４个主成分的特征根的累积贡献率达８８．４８％，被分别称为生长因子、冠形因子、干形因子、干形与分枝的综合因子；在遗传距离为５的并类水平上把３４个无性系分为４大类，类间遗传距离显著大于类内遗传距离，第Ⅰ类的２７个毛白杨优树无性系又可分为５个亚类。文中还对毛白杨选择育种的策略和方法进行了讨论。     

毛白杨叶性状的主分量分析

本文对毛白杨叶干重等几个叶部性状进行主分量分析,以探讨叶部性状差异的主要指标和能代表所调查的叶部性状的全部信息量的少数几个综合指标,为早期选育毛白杨优良无性系提供参考依据。一、数据来源数据来源于全国毛白杨优树无性系苗期测定林。该测定林位于山东冠县苗圃,1984年布置试验,1985年平茬。试验设计为5株小区,3次重复的完全随机区组。株行距为2.0×0.4m。1987年9月下旬进行数据调     

毛白杨无性系叶性状差异及遗传分析

对30个毛白杨无性系的9个叶片性状的进行了比较分析,结果表明:30个毛白杨无性系的9个叶片性状存在较大差异,具有较宽的遗传基础;毛白杨无性系的叶片性状受强的遗传控制,有较大的选择潜力;综合考虑30个无性系的叶片性状,可将30个无性系分为5类。     

Lignin Characterization of Triploid Clones of Populus tomentosa Carr.

In order to understand the structural characteristics of lignin in triploid clones ofPopulus tomentosa and its changes in the processes of pulping and bleaching, milled wood lignin （MWL）, lignin carbohydrate complex （LCC） and the residual lignin from kraft pulp （KP） and sulfite pulp （SP） were isolated and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum and ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）. The most diagnostic peaks were assigned and the differences were discussed. The spectral patterns reveal that triploid P tomentosa shows the specific features of hardwood from temperate areas, but in the spectrum of FTIR, the strength ratio orAl270 cm^-1 to A1226 cm^-1 is 0.88, higher than the average of hardwood from temperate areas, which will make the lignin delignification more difficult during pulping and bleaching. The LCC from triploid P tomentosa is mainly composed of xyloglucan and glucuronic acid, and other glucides have much lower ratio. In LCC FTIR, there are three peaks at 1 427, 1 329 and 1 046 cm^-1, indicating that both semi-cellulose and cellulose could exist in LCC, and that there might be relationships between cellulose and lignin. Compared with the residual lignin from KP and SP, the condensed structure in KP is more than that in SP.     

Variation of Leaf Characteristics in Populus tomentosa Carr.

An investigation was conducted to determine the extent of variations among nine provenances of Populus tomentosa Carr. in terms of leaf characteristics. A total of 263 accessions were studied under field conditions in the National Gene Bank of P. tomentosa in 2003. All of the accessions were characterized by 17 indices from 1 to 2-dimension constructions. Variance analysis of all characteristics showed that there were significant differences among the nine provenances and among individuals within each provenance. This study reveals that the evaluated germplasm appears to have a wide genetic base and high potential for further genetic improvements and it also indicates that abundant gene resources of P. tomentosa have been collected and preserved in the National Gene Bank.     

毛白杨无性系木材基本密度遗传变异研究(英文)

对河北、河南、山东、甘肃的４块毛白杨无性系测定林中约１００个无性系进行了木材基本密度的测定，对木材基本密度在地点和无性系间的遗传变异进行了研究．结果表明：毛白杨无性系的木材基本密度平均值为０．４３６３ｇ／ｃｍ３，木材基本密度在地点和无性系间均存在极显著差异．木材基本密度的无性系重复力为０．８２～０．９１，属于受遗传控制较强的材性性状．对生长和材性的相关研究表明，木材基本密度与生长性状（包括胸径、树高和材积）一般存在显著的负相关，但不同地点上表现为不同的正或负的相关关系     

中幼龄毛白杨优良无性系生物量增长与分配规律研究

采用相对生长法研究了中幼龄毛白杨优良无性系生物量增长及其各器官相对生物量的积累和分配规律．结果表明：毛白杨生物量以干才占主导;6a生以前,各器官生物量分配不稳定,6～8a生以后,其分配趋势为干材＞根＞枝＞干皮＞叶;3个优良无性系每年单位面积的生物量和固定的太阳能均为对照的2～4倍;净光合效率比对照高24．41％～27．81％．并建立了各器官生物量增长的数学模型．     

Duplication of Locus Coding of Malate Dehydrogenase in Populus tomentosa Carr.

Horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis was used to study crude enzyme extraction from young leaves of 234 clones of Populus tomentosa Cart. selected from nine provenances in North China. Ten enzyme systems were resolved. One hundred and fifty-six clones showing unusual allozyme band patterns at locus Mdh-Ⅰ were found. Three allozyme bands at locus Mdh-Ⅰ were 9：6：1 in concentration. Further studies on the electrophoretic patterns of ground mixed pollen extraction of 30 male clones selected at random from the 156 clones were conducted and it was found that allozyme bands at locus Mdh-Ⅰ were composed of two dark-stained bands and a weak band. Only one group of the malate dehydrogenase （MDH） zymogram composed of two bands was obtained from the electrophoretic segregation of pollen leachate of the same clones. A comparison of the electrophoretic patterns one another suggested that the locus Mdh-Ⅰ coding malate dehydrogenase in diploid species of P. tomentosa was duplicated. The duplicate gene locus possessed three same alleles and was located in mitochondria. The locus duplication of alleles coding malate dehydrogenase in P.tomentosa was discovered and reported for the first time.     

毛白杨苗期VA菌根菌与外生菌根菌接种的研究

1998～1999年在田间条件下布置了毛白杨VA菌根(包括根内球囊霉菌和单孢球囊霉菌)与外生菌根硬皮马勃混合接种试验.结果表明接种菌根菌对毛白杨苗高生长量有促进作用,且以根内球囊霉菌作用最明显,单孢球囊霉菌处理次之,硬皮马勃处理最差.水涝大大降低人工接种菌根菌的效果,严重影响VA菌根和外生菌根菌单独接种及混合接种的效应,根内球囊霉菌甚至会抑制毛白杨苗木的高生长,VA菌根和外生菌根间的负交互作用也不对苗高生长产生影响.菌根真菌的感染率随时间变化出现较大的波动和变化.     

Effects of Planting Density on Growth of New Clones in Populus tomentosa

Effects of seven planting densities on the growth and tree form of nine 5-year-old new clones in Populus tomentosa were studied. The plantations, arranged with completely random block design, were located in Wuzhi County, Henan Province.Results indicated that effects of planting density on the diameter at breast height (DBH), individual volume and growing stock increment of all new clones in P. tomentosa were significant at the 1% level of probability, effects of planting density on the tree height increment of new clones B2 and B31 and on the live branches height (LBH) increment of new clones B5 and B30 were significant at the 5% level of probability, while the interaction between planting density and clone was not significant at the 5% level of probability. It was concluded that the degree of differences among new clones within the same planting density was different with different planting densities and traits. For short rotation industrial timber, clones B 1, B3, B4, B5, B7, B9, B31 were suitable with the density of 1 000-2 500 trees per hectare, while for bigger diameter timber, clones B1, B3, B4, B7, B9, B31 could be used with the planting density of 660-833 trees per hectare. Clonal repeatability was also different in different planting densities.     

Model of leaf energy distribution and its experimental validation of Populus tomentosa Carr

Leaf temperature of a plant is the result of heat transfer between the plant and its environment. There are many factors that can affect leaf temperature, such as the solar radiation energy, environmental temperature, wind velocity, evaporation on the leaf surface, photosynthesis, respiration and so on, which have different effects on the temperature of leaves. In first instance, we analyzed the heat transfer on leaves of Populus tomentosa Cart. theoretically and constructed a model of energy distribution. We then validated the model by analyzing seven different kinds of one-year-old P. tomentosa leaves experimentally. The result shows that solar radiation is the main energy input and the dominant ways of thermal diffusion are heat transfer between the upper and lower leaf surfaces and evaporation from the leaf surface.     

Interrelationships between leaf heat conductivity and tissue structures of different varieties of Populus tomentosa Carr.

Plant heat conductivity largely depends on tissue structure. Different structures lead to different heat conductivity. As well, water transfer also plays a very important role in heat transfer in plants. We have studied leaf heat conductivity and tissue structure of 3- and 30-year-old Populus tomentosa Carr. trees using mildred thermal imaging, steady state heat conductivity surveys and paraffin section and investigated the relationship between leaf heat conductivity, tissue structure and water content of leaves. The results show that the temperature on leaf surfaces among the various varieties of trees was almost the same. Leaf heat conductivity, temperature and water content of leaves are positively correlated. The thicker the leaf tissue structures, the larger the heat resistance. That is, the tighter the cells and the smaller the interspaces, the smaller the heat conductivity, which is not conducive for heat transfer.     

Establishment of cell suspension line of Populus tomentosa Carr

Leaves of fine Populus tomentosa genotype TC152 were used as explants to establish cell suspension lines. The effects of plant growth regulators on callus induction and establishment of cell suspension lines were studied. The callus induction rate was the highest on a MS solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D. A cell suspension line could be obtained by inoculating calli which were not subcultured into a MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L-1 2,4-D. The best subculture medium was MS + 0.8 mg...