微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定核桃楸皮中金属元素含量

核桃楸皮样品经硝酸-双氧水微波消解后,采用原子吸收光谱法测定其中Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Mn、Na、K、Sr、Cr、Pb等金属元素含量,并对方法的灵敏度、准确度、精密度进行分析。结果表明:测得核桃楸皮中的Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Co、Mn、Na、K、Sr、Cr、Pb含量分别为15.212、1.055、0.067、0.411、0.032、0.012、0.119、1.170、10.895、0.121、0.006、0.014 mg·g~(-1)。该方法灵敏度高(检出限分别为0.011 6、0.011 6、0.000 6、0.010 8、0.002 4、0.012 1、0.002 2、0.002 6、0.002 2、0.002 4、0.011 4、0.010 6μg·mL~(-1)),准确度高(回收率为97.4%～104.3%),精密度好(相对标准偏差5%,n=10)。     

龙船花各器官中金属元素的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

通过火焰原子吸收光谱法对龙船花各部位的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni的含量进行测定分析,为龙船花的生产实践及综合开发利用提供基础数据。结果表明,10种金属元素在各部位中的含量（平均值）高低顺序为：K＞Ca＞Na＞Mg/Fe＞Zn＞Mn＞Cu＞Cr＞Ni。同种元素在龙船花各部位的含量存在不同程度的差异。所测龙船花各部位中的Na、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni的含量多数在一般植物体的正常含量范围内,K、Mg和Mn元素含量略低于一般植物含量,Cr元素含量略高于一般植物含量。     

山杜英枝叶花中金属元素的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

旨在指导山杜英的生产栽培,为其园林绿化及其综合开发利用提供基础数据。通过火焰原子吸收光谱法分析山杜英15 个部位的K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni 金属元素的含量,结果表明,所测10 种金属元素在山杜英的各部位均有一定的分布,其含量（平均值）高低顺序表现为：K＞Ca＞Mg＞Na＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞Cu。同一元素在山杜英15 个部位中的含量存在不同程度的差异。所测山杜英15个部位中的Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn的含量多数落在一般植物体的正常含量范围内,与一般植物相比,山杜英中Fe、Cr、Ni元素含量相对偏高,K、Na、Cu元素含量相对偏低。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蛋粉中微量元素含量

利用湿法微波消解全蛋粉、蛋清粉及蛋黄粉,采用原子吸收光谱法测定各样品中钾(K)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)、锰(Mn)、镁(Mg)7种金属元素含量。结果表明,全蛋粉中K,Fe含量高于蛋清粉及蛋黄粉,蛋清粉中Mg含量高于全蛋粉及蛋黄粉,蛋黄粉中Cu,Zn,Ca,Mn含量高于全蛋粉及蛋清粉。全蛋粉中7种元素含量依次为KCaFeZnMgCuMn,蛋清粉中7种元素含量依次为CaKMgFeZnCuMn,蛋黄粉中7种元素含量依次为CaKZnFeMgCuMn。     

陕西凤县栽培党参中宏量和微量元素含量测定

本实验选用硝酸和高氯酸(4∶1)的混合消化液作为消解剂进行微波消解,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定陕西栽培党参中Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Ca、K、Na、Mg等8种宏量和微量元素的含量,所用方法简便,快捷,重复性好。结果表明,陕西栽培党参中含有丰富的宏量和微量元素,4种宏量元素中,K的含量最高,为8166.7 ug/g,含量高低依次为: K (8166.7 ug/g) >Na (2562 ug/g)>Ca (2455.7 ug/g)> Mg (1762.7 ug/g);在所测的4种微量元素中,其含量依次为:Fe (543.7 ug/g) >Zn (66.3 ug/g) >Mn (16.2 ug/g) >Cu(8.3 ug/g)。此结果为探讨微量元素与党参的药效关系提供了一定的科学数据。     

炮仗花各器官中金属元素的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

旨在为炮仗花的种植栽培、生理生化研究及综合开发利用提供参考数据,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对炮仗花营养器官和繁殖器官的K、Ca、Mg、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni的含量进行测定分析。结果表明,10种金属元素在各部位中的含量（平均值）高低顺序为K>Na>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr。同一元素在炮仗花14个测定部位之间含量存在一定的差异。与一般植物相比,所测炮仗花营养器官和繁殖器官各部位中的K、Na、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr的含量多数落在一般植物体的正常含量范围内,仅个别测定部位的个别元素含量略高或略低于一般植物体的正常含量范围。     

16个燕麦品种中5种金属元素含量的比较

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了16个燕麦品种中5种金属元素的含量。结果表明:定燕1号的K、Ca、Mg含量显著高于定燕2号的;晋燕系列品种的Fe、Zn含量差异不显著;冀张莜系列品种的Ca含量差异显著;坝莜系列品种的K、Mg含量差异不显著,坝莜8号的Ca含量显著低于其它燕麦品种的。研究结果可为燕麦营养价值的研究及饮食安全提供依据。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定桑椹微量元素

以成熟呈紫黑色的桑果为试验原料,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定桑果中钾(K)、钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)八种微量元素含量,结果表明,桑椹中微量元素含量丰富,并表现出高钾低钠的突出特点。为桑椹的开发利用提供理论依据。     

扶桑枝叶花中矿质元素的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

通过火焰原子吸收光谱法对扶桑枝叶花器官的K、Ca、Mg、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni的含量进行测定分析,为指导扶桑的种植栽培及综合开发利用提供科学数据。结果表明,10种矿质元素在各部位中的含量(平均值)高低顺序为CaKNaMg,FeMnZnCuCrNi。同一元素在扶桑各部位之间含量存在一定的差异。所测扶桑品种各部位中的Ca、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的含量多数落在一般植物体的正常含量范围内,与一般植物相比,扶桑Mg、K含量偏低,Cr含量偏高,部分部位未能检出Ni元素。     

ICP-AES法测定富硒茶中十二种矿物质元素含量

天然富硒茶中除含硒元素外,还含有多种人体必需的矿物质元素。本研究采用ICP-AES法测定湖北恩施和安徽石台两个不同产地的富硒茶中铝(Al)、钙(Ca)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)和硒(Se)等十二种元素含量。结果表明,不同产地天然富硒茶中各种矿物质元素含量存在一定的差异,其中的Ca、Se等元素含量差异较大。研究结果为富硒茶中的矿物质含量检测提供了参考。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.