毛乌素沙地气候因子对樟子松、油松生长的影响

调查了毛乌素沙地沙漠研究中心樟子松、油松人工林的生长状况,选取可能影响其生长的气候因子并运用双重筛选逐步回归的方法,对樟子松和油松高生长与气候因子间的关系进行了逐步判别分析.结果表明：影响樟子松树高生长量的主导气候因子依次是前一年的降雨量、≥10℃积温、年蒸发量;影响油松生长的气候因子主要是前一年降雨量与当年降雨量;该区樟子松的生长表现明显好于油松,并且在干旱年份表现出更强的抗旱特性,所以该地区的气候条件更适合樟子松的生长.     

The maturation of Pinus sylvestris seeds in relation to temperature climate in Northern Finland

The probability of achieving an anatomically mature seed crop of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Northern Finland has been studied on the basis of earlier data and meteorological observations. The meteorological data over the period of 1951–1980 was used to calculate the probability of having a mature seed crop in various parts of Northern Finland. The climatic variables used were: (a) June‐August mean temperature (b) June—September mean temperature, and (c) annual temperature sum (+5°C base temperature). A non‐linear relationship between the percentage of mature seeds in a seed crop and the annual temperature sum was detected, indicating that 50% mature seed crop was achieved at appr. 890 degree days. The results suggest that the probability of having 50% mature seed crop is approximately 0.02–0.03 near the polar timber line. The probability of the occurrence of such years is, however, considerably higher in lowlands and lake districts even near the timber line.     

马尾松针叶DNA抽提

经多次实验改良的CTAB法抽提马尾松针叶DNA,其浓度和纯度符合RAPD实验的要求,个别有明显杂质的样品提纯后经凝胶电泳检测,DNA纯化效果良好。     

One-hundred-year foliage comparison of Pinus ponderosa and Pinus sylvestris under dry growing conditions in Brandenburg,Germany

Abstract

The dynamics of six different needle parameters of Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws. were examined retrospectively for a 112-year-old mixed stand in Brandenburg, Germany, using the needle trace method. Similarities were found in needle production, needle loss and needle density. However, needle age, needle retention and total number of needles revealed significant differences between the tree species, with higher values for P. ponderosa. Pinus ponderosa yielded approximately twice as much mean whole-crown needle dry mass as P. sylvestris. Furthermore, different branching systems could be detected between the species, with both pines following “Corner's rule”. The results suggest that under identical growing conditions, P. ponderosa exhibits more efficient water use and can therefore maintain a bigger crown (as the basis for increased growth) than P. sylvestris.     

樟子松冬季叶栖真菌群落研究

从冬季樟子松针叶分离、鉴定出2 4种真菌,其中接合菌1种、子囊菌2种、半知菌2 1种。中冠层的真菌种类最多,其它部位次之。冬季真菌群落与生长季节的种类和分离率有较大差别,优势真菌群落不同,生长季以樟子松枯梢病菌Sphaeropsissapinea为主,而冬季以Truncatella、Coniothrium等为主。     

樟子松嫩枝嫁接技术研究

对樟子松嫩枝嫁接时间、方法、人员及生产应用进行试验研究,结果表明,黑龙江省西部半干旱地区樟子松嫩枝嫁接的最佳的时间为7月末8月初,晚于8月上旬不宜嫁接;嫁接方法以髓心形成层贴接和劈接为宜;对樟子松嫩枝针叶束嫁接法进行了探讨。     

樟子松苗木针叶留量对造林成活及生长的影响

８月中旬,在苗圃捋除樟子松苗木针叶的１／２、２／３、３／４、９／１０,全部,并设对照,翌年进行春季造林试验。结果表明,在干旱多风地区,生长后期捋除苗木针叶,翌年造林,可大幅度提高造林成活率。造林中临时捋除针叶不利于苗木成活。     

Temporal variation in nutrient concentrations of Pinus sylvestris needles

Temporal variation in nutrient concentrations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles was studied during a three‐year period in three stands of differing stages of development. Concentrations of N, P and K varied significantly between years; this variation was related to differences in needle dry weight. Concentrations of all measured nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, B) and Al varied between seasons; this variation was related to nutrient mobility and the annual physiological cycle. Concentrations of the mobile nutrients N, P and K decreased in spring and early summer during shoot and needle elongation and increased in late summer and autumn during needle senescence and litterfall. Concentrations of Mg, Cu, Zn and B followed somewhat similar patterns. The poorly mobile nutrients Ca, Mn and Fe accumulated gradually in needles during each growing season. Needle nutrient concentrations were stable during the nonactive period.     

Effect of edge stands on the development of young Pinus sylvestris stands in southern Finland

Abstract

The quantitative effect of pine-dominated edge stands in southern Finland on the density and growth of pine saplings was addressed in the study. The cumulative effect of a mature edge stand on the development of a pine sapling stand with variable cutblock sizes was also estimated. The data were acquired from 10 study sites with a Scots pine sapling stand with a current dominant height of 1–6 m and an adjoining middle-aged to mature edge stand dominated by Scots pine. Tree level models were constructed to describe and simulate the structure and development of the sapling stands. The results indicated that dividing an average regeneration area (2 ha) into smaller cutblock units (1.0–0.5 ha) appreciably increased the edge stand effect. Total stand volume growth was 6% lower on 1 ha cutblocks, and 31% lower on 0.5 ha blocks, than on 2 ha blocks.     

Spatial distribution of needle bright disease of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica

MateriaIsandmethodsProbabilitydiStributionpatternInvesUgatiOnmethodSThespacedistributionOfneedIebrightwasinvesti-g8tedinHonghuarerjiForestFarmandHuiheForestFarmfromJunetoJulyin1996.Theelevationofthestudyareasis7oo-11oom.Theageofthetreesare24~35a.Canopydensitiesrangedfromo.4too-7.TherewerenoshrubsonforestfIoor.TotaIly12plotsweresatupand3otreesforeachpIOtwereinvesti-gated.Theinform8tionwasreportedaccoFdingtoThbIe1.POiSsondistTfoutfon:Where:mistotalaveragevaIue,whichcanbecalcu-Iated…     

黑龙江东部地区樟子松人工林单木生物量研究

文章研究以黑龙江东部地区不同年龄、不同密度及不同立地条件的樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica )人工林作为研究对象,基于 26块标准地中139株标准木的树干解析和生物量数据,以树木各测树因子为自变量建立樟子松人工林单木的树干、树枝、树叶及全树重的生物量预测模型;并研究了不同年龄樟子松林分的生物量结构.研究结果表明:樟子松人工林单木各分量生物量的最优模型形式均为CAR模型,各最优模型的变量主要为胸径(D)和树高(H)因子,D2H能够很好地反映树干的干重,胸径和树高能够很好地反映树枝、树叶及全树重的变化;樟子松单株生物量随着年龄的增大而增加,树干的生物量占全树重的比例随年龄的增大而增大,枝和叶的生物量变化趋势与树干相反,都随着年龄的增大而减小.文中研究的不同年龄阶段樟子松人工林的生物量结构变化规律及相应的预测模型,可为进一步了解樟子松人工林生物量的积累提供依据.     

Stand density and fertilization effects on aboveground allocation patterns and stem form of Pinus sylvestris in young stands

The increasing demand for forest biomass for energy generation could be partially met by growing denser stands and use of fertilizer. Before this is done at large scale, more knowledge of the effects of stand density and fertilization on aboveground allocation patterns and stem form is needed. Therefore, effects of pre-commercial thinning (PCT) to 3000 stems ha^?1, an unthinned dense control (C), and PCT combined with two levels of fertilization (100 kg ha^?1 of nitrogen applied either during the establishment of the field experiment (F1) or annually (F2)) were examined in 23- to 26-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands six years after the establishment of the field experiment. In total, 114 sample trees were harvested using destructive biomass sampling. The growth allocation and stem form of trees with diameter at breast height (DBH; 1.3 m height) >5.0 cm were not affected by either the PCT or fertilization. Small trees (DBH < 5 cm) in denser, unthinned control plots had more slender stems (lower DBH/height ratios) and allocated less growth to branches and foliage than trees in PCT plots. Fertilization had little effect on the stem form and growth allocation of the smallest trees. Therefore, effects of stem density and fertilization on stem form and growth allocation to foliage were only found for small suppressed trees, and the treatments had very little influence on dominant and codominant trees.     

科尔沁沙地引种樟子松木材变色原因浅析

樟子松是我国三北地区主要造林树种,具有速生、树干通直、蓄积量大等特点。但其采伐后,木材经过一段时间的储存,芯部会出现"蓝变"。这种变化是评价木材质量的一个重要指标,影响木材加工后产品的质量。文章研究确定了樟子松木材变色属于微生物变色类型,分析了樟子松在自然条件的变色规律,为找到控制这种变色的办法提供了理论依据。     

樟子松沙地育苗技术研究

沙地樟子松育苗目前已大面积展开,而有一些育苗技术要点很少有人关注。就摧芽方法、基肥选择、适时播种,通过现地试验、调查,总结出催芽以雪藏最好;基肥选择猪粪最好;最适宜的播种地温为8 ℃。     

Supplemental mass pollination in a seed orchard of Pinus Sylvestris L. investigated by isozyme analyses

Isozyme‐analysis techniques have been applied to test the efficiency of supplemental mass pollination in a seed orchard of Pinus Sylvestris. Mass pollination was done on one single occasion before the general pollen dispersal. The results of isozyme analyses of seed after mass pollination demonstrate that it is possible to introduce desirable genes into the seed orchard crop. Mass pollination without isolation of female strobili gave an average contribution of 4% to the total fertilizations and after isolation of female strobili 26.5%. The main conclusion is that supplemental mass pollination offers very interesting possibilities for breeding, particularly if some kind of isolation of the female flowers is made. It can increase the seed quality as well as improve the breeding value of the seed orchard. More attention should be paid to increasing the efficiency of the controlled pollination. It is suggested that in the future, more effort is invested in improving the technique of mass pollination.     

呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松基地建设

呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松分布面积较广,有大面积的疏林地,具有天然落种更新能力,发展潜力巨大。在樟子松基地建设中以封育为主,营造樟子松防风固沙林,强化工程建设后期管护,巩固樟子松基地建设成果,确保樟子松资源总量可持续健康发展。     

除草醚在樟子松沙地育苗中的应用

除草醚用于樟子松沙地育苗的芽前除草是完全有效的,最佳施药量为1.1g/m2,为人工除草费用的14.6%.喷施法药剂着药均匀,为最佳施用方法,剂量为1.1～2.3g/m2时,除草率可达99.23%.     

The relationship between the needle age and the growth rate in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris): a retrospective analysis by needle trace method (NTM)

Variation in annual radial and height increments (RI and HI, respectively) as well as the number of needles belonging to different needle sets of successive annual shoots, determined by the needle trace method (NTM), was studied retrospectively in Scots pine stands, one in southern Finland and two in Estonia. The connection between different needle sets and tree growth was studied by correlation and covariance analyses. The numbers of needles of the three youngest needle sets were positively correlated with growth, whereas the number of needles older than 3 years had no significant correlation. The covariance analysis emphasized the negative relationship of older needle sets with tree growth. It is generally concluded that the two or three youngest needle sets are important and all older needles minimally contribute to growth, possibly because of their small quantity. Older needles may remain on the tree if assimilation is impeded for some reason, e.g. due to premature loss in the two youngest needle sets. The trees having attached old needles grew less than those that had already totally lost these needle sets.     

木兰围场陡坡地段油松与樟子松造林生长状况比较研究

通过对木兰围场陡坡地段油松与樟子松造林存活率与生长状况进行的比较研究,结果表明:(1)2种林分中油松存活率较高,达93.01%,樟子松存活率为86.34%,二者的存活率均处于较高的水平;(2)樟子松人工林的平均地径较大,达5.51cm,而油松人工林地径较小,为4.82cm;(3)樟子松人工林的平均树高较大,达182cm,而油松人工林平均树高较小,为161cm。木兰围场陡坡地段环境更有利于樟子松的树高生长。     

沙地樟子松人工林合理经营密度的研究

通过调查不同密度的沙地樟子松人工林胸径、树高、蓄积、干形等生长指标和松枯梢病的发病情况等健康指标,分析了密度对樟子松人工林生长与健康的影响。综合分析得出:亚湿润干旱区樟子松人工林的造林密度可以控制在1 250~2 500株·hm-2;当樟子松人工林林龄达到21 a时保留密度1 000株·hm-2左右;当林龄31 a时,密度控制为500株·hm-2左右。