Development strategies for privately owned forestry in the mountainous region of Sweden

Forestry in Sweden as well as in other European countries is characterised by intense and increasing international competition resulting in decreasing roundwood prices in real terms. This is especially the situation in the mountainous region of Sweden with long transportation distances between the felling site and the processing industries located at the coast. The question arises whether forestry must be run more extensively than at present to achieve the optimal rate of silvicultural activities compared with the amount of timber cut. With this in mind, optimising economic analyses have been performed at the stand level as well as at the level of forest estates. Results of the analyses reveal that more intensive thinning (more frequent operations) and shorter rotation periods would increase profit and offset continuously decreasing roundwood prices. Intensive pre-commercial thinning (cleaning) is especially important for profitability of the subsequent thinnings and the final cut. The large number of cuts during the rotation will increase logging costs. However, this will be more than offset by the increasing production of economically matured dimensions of timber, an effect that will be still more pronounced when using new harvesting technology. Moreover, frequent high thinning operations (thinning ‘from above’ or removal of dominant trees) will result in more dense wood close to the pith, more evenly distributed year rings, and fewer and smaller knots in the lower part of the stem — in other words more valuable roundwood which will justify high transportation costs. Several biological and technical aspects of these treatment programs are discussed in the paper.     

面对林权改革新形势如何发展我国营林、集材拖拉机

介绍了营林、集材拖拉机的特点及我国营林、集材拖拉机的基本现状及其发展历史;分析了营林、集材拖拉机目前的需求状况及市场前景;提出了在林权改革新形势下保留和发展营林、集材拖拉机的必要性和重大意义.     

充分发挥林业学术组织在推动林业振兴发展中的重要作用

本文从学术社团所具有的特有属性出发,阐述了新时期林业学术组织在加快转变林业经济发展方式、推进林业管理决策科学化、全面提升林业行业科学素质、承接社会化服务职能转移、促进林业科技人才成长提高中所应发挥的五大重要作用。     

新形势下汪清县林业可持续发展的思考

面对全国全面停止天然林商业性采伐的林业生产新形势,在分析汪清县林业行业主要问题的基础上,提出坚持绿色发展理念,在全面高质量完成营林生产任务的基础上转变林业发展方式,优化资源配置、产业与产品结构,增强基层林业生产单位经济活力,推进可持续发展的系列对策。     

基于减少对环境影响的采伐方式的森林采伐作业规程进展

介绍了国际上基于减少对环境影响的采伐理念的区域级或国家级的森林采伐作业规程, 包括: 斐济的??森林采伐作业规程 、联合国粮农组织的??标准森林采运方法规范 、亚太林业委员会的??亚太区域森林采伐作业规程 和中国的??森林采伐作业规程 。这些规程以生态优先、以人为本、注重效率为基本原则, 目的是通过技术的改进, 严格控制森林的过度消耗, 减少采伐活动对森林及其环境的负面影响, 提高劳动效率和木材的利用率, 处理好经济、生态和社会的平衡, 促进森林可持续发展。文章最后针对我国森林采伐规程实施中存在的问题, 提出了分类制定不同区域的森林采伐作业规程, 加强科学研究工作, 提供技术支撑和理论依据及建立有效的监测和监督体系的建议。     

对林业投资与林业经济增长关系的认识

文章通过对林业投资和林业发展的概念、林业投资机制与林业分类经营、林业投资体制与林业经营思想以及林业经济增长方式的转变等方面论述,进而对林业投资与林业经济增长关系的认识。     

浅析人工速生林对湖南林业产业发展的影响

在我国林业发生战略性转变的新的发展环境下，针对湖南地区大面积人工速生工业原料林高效利用的热点问题，本文就木材工业生产节能、环境保护及市场开拓等问题进行调研，其目的是加快人工速生林利用，推进林业产业的快速发展。     

湖南天然林保护与林业可持续发展的探讨

本文根据湖南省天然林资源的现状,结合保护实施方案,对湖南天然林保护与林业可持续发展进行了探讨,并提出了初步实施措施.     

参与式林业与湖南林业可持续发展

介绍了参与式林业的概念、原则和内涵 ,阐明了引入参与式林业对促进湖南林业可持续性发展的重要意义 ,对参与式林业在实践应用中存在的问题进行了分析 ,并提出了建议。     

液压驱动链锯在采伐技术装备上的应用

介绍了液压驱动链锯的结构特点及其在采伐技术装备上的应用。     

From logging frontier towards sustainable forest management: experiences from boreal regions of North-West Russia and North Sweden

This article describes the transformation of old-growth forest to managed forests, in North (N) Sweden and boreal regions of North-West (BNW) Russia, from economic, social and ecological perspectives. Whereas in BNW Russia, the logging frontier could be kept moving into unharvested regions, N Sweden earlier had to develop solutions where large-scale logging had already taken place. In 1950–1990, Swedish strategies included rationing of old forest, effective regeneration and also precommercial and commercial thinning. Supporting means were legislation, government-funded subsidies and collaboration among enterprises, researchers and political leaders. BNW Russia is currently facing similar challenges and N Swedish experiences should be analysed and used where applicable. In N Sweden, a too low proportion of representative productive old forests remains, but in the last decades, N Swedish forests exempted from economic use have been significantly increased. Ongoing discussions of also defining areas with more intensive forest management would lead to a zoning, bearing some resemblance to the Russian system, in use since 1943. Russian experience should, therefore, be of interest to Swedish forest policy-makers. Both countries have problems with rural social issues. Both can benefit from collaboration on these aspects of sustainable forest management.     

Some possibilities in the economic development of Liberia through the forestry sector

Some possible contributions that could be made to the development of the Liberian economy through the forestry sector are investigated. Emphasis is placed on the establishment of integrated wood-processing facilities comprising sawmilling, veneer and plywood manufacturing and particleboard production. Data for 1974 are used to formulate a simple illustrative linear programming model for determining the minimum investment needs for achieving specified levels of value-added.     

五台山国有林区林业产业发展的对策与措施

在调研的基础上,提出了五台山国有林区林业产业发展的对策与措施:按照区域化布局、专业化生产、一体化经营、社会化服务和企业化管理的产业化发展要求,以发展生态产业为前提,以产业基地建设为基础,以培育龙头企业为关键,以特色林产品市场拓展为保障,全力推进五台山国有林区林业产业的健康发展。     

The consequences for the forest sector of nuclear power discontinuation in Sweden

Electricity prices in Sweden will most probably double, or more, during the next 10 to 15 years as a result of the decision to discontinue nuclear power production. This will substantially change the comparative advantage of all forest‐based product industries, some to the worse, some to the better. Roundwood prices and fellings will be affected and possibly the competitive position of wood‐based energy production. This paper estimates various types of effects with a long run pulpwood market model. The effects on electricity intensive production (CTMP, newsprint, etc.) may be drastic. However, the fall in total industrial consumption and price of pulpwood will be limited. The reduction in price is not sufficient to make pulpwood economically attractive as fuel. Own‐price elasticities of electricity demand are greater than reported elsewhere.     

Organizational dynamics of an information system： case study from the forestry sector

The Forest Department in the State of Uttar Pradesh, India developed Forest Management Information System （FMIS） for achieving organizational goals of improved financial and human resource management, improvement in the management of forests and wildlife, and for achieving responsive administration. This paper, based on field research, presents an assessment of the dynamics of FMIS in organizational context for a better understanding of such systems in forestry organizations. The paper also investigates the success of FMIS in assisting decision makers in achieving organizational goals. Based on the knowledge developed during the course of the study, key learning elements have been highlighted for the benefit of the stakeholders in information systems in forest sector.     

云南省森林采伐作业设计中存在的问题及处理建议

阐述云南省当前森林采伐作业设计中存在着的调查设计人员专业能力参差不齐,调查设计单位质量保障意识淡薄,林分调查设计内容与相关林业规划间存在冲突,森林资源现状调查中存在采伐地点遗漏,采伐小班四至情况遗漏,采伐林种设计脱离市场需求等问题。藉此提出建立、健全采伐作业设计质量管理及考核制度,加强对相关专业人员全面培训,制定作业设计所用卫星影像图的分辨率、时效、几何校正等的技术标准,及时按市场木材需求材种编制出材量表等对策、建议。     

中国森林资源采伐管理改革与发展

森林资源采伐管理制度,对促进森林可持续经营,保障森林经营者利益,以及有效保护森林资源具有重要作用。目前我国森林资源采伐管理制度主要由森林采伐限额管理制度,凭证采伐林木制度,年度木材生产计划几部分组成。我国的森林资源采伐管理在经历了统一管理严格控制阶段和经营管理调整阶段之后,当前正处于经营主体改变前提下的试点改革阶段。从2007年试点工作启动至今,改革取得了可喜的成绩,但目前森林资源采伐管理改革中存在一些问题。如：改革宣传力度不够,采伐限额编制不合理,采伐审批过程有待进一步简化,缺乏支持经营主体的信贷体系等。针对存在的问题,认为下一步的改革应该加大改革政策的宣传力度,确保采伐限额制定的准确性,简化采伐申请的审批程序,为林业的发展提供充足的财政支持等。     

我省森工企业发展与俄罗斯远东地区林业经济合作问题浅析

黑龙江省森工企业与俄罗斯远东地区林业经济有着得天独厚的地理优势,随着国有林区天然林资源保护工程的不断推进,森工企业将面临着降产、减员、设备闲置等一系列问题,解决这些问题,就必须寻求林业经济新的增长点,发展外向型林业产业,积极稳妥地推进与俄罗斯远东地区林业经济合作的步伐势在必行。同时必须把握机遇,利用双方合作的有利条件,制定近期发展战略,促进双边林业经济合作全面发展。     

尼加拉瓜西南部热带雨林生态系统木材生产速率及其对可持续森林经营的启示

积累木材采运数据对森林可持续经营是非常必要的,但这些数据在一些发展中国家却非常缺乏。本文收集和分析了尼加拉瓜Ondo州森林保护区和非保护区内木材生产速率的数据。数据来源于州林业主管部门的官方数据、年度报告和相关文件,包括2003年至2005年间以月采伐量为单位的不同经济术材的物种、材积量和立木数。对收集的数据进T检验和一维方差分析。结果表明:3年间,非保护区内采伐木材的物种数、科数和立木量均高于森林保护区内采伐的。但是,保护区内被砍伐的树木材积总量要显著高于非保护区的(p<0.05)。非保护区内,有25个植物科的60种阔叶树种被砍伐:森林保护区内有23个科的57种阔叶树种被砍伐。3年间,Ondo州森林系统内被砍伐树林共111,377株,材积量约295 089.67m3。年平均伐木数和材积量分别是37,125株和98 363.22 m3。月平均伐木数和材积量分别是3 094和8 196m3。T检验结果表明,森林保护区和非保护区内被砍伐的树木株数和材积量显著不同(p<0.05)。一维方差分析结果表明,03年和04年伐木活动显著增加,但05年有所下降。说明森林系统中经济木材树种正在减少,伐木活动对森林生态系统产生了...     

城市林业在张家港市的发展及展望

城市森林具备调节气候,维持大气中O2和CO2平衡,净化大气、降低噪音等生态功能。以张家港市为例,提出了城市林业发展的总体规划、树种选择、建设模式及前景展望等。