The double quasar 0957+561: a radio study at 6-centimeters wavelength

The optical double quasar 0957+561 has been interpreted as the gravitational double image of a single object. A radio map made with the Very Large Array of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory shows unresolved sources coincident With the optical images as well as a complex of related extended emission. Although the results cannot rule out the gravitational lens hypothesis, the complex radio structure is more easily interpreted as two separate quasars. The optical and radio properties of the two quasars are so similar that the two must have been formed at the same time with similar initial conditions.     

Efficient registration of optical and IR images for automatic plant water stress assessment

Automatic registration of optical and IR images is a crucial step towards constructing an automated irrigation control system where plant water information is sensed via thermal imaging. The scene of the IR image is assumed to be completely included in the optical image and the alignment between the common scene in the two images may involve translation and rotation by a small angle, though a small scale difference may also be present. This automatic registration of data from two quite different, non-rigid imaging regimes presents several challenges, which cannot be overcome using common image processing techniques. In this paper, a fully automatic image registration algorithm for the alignment of optical and IR image pairs is described, where Pearson's cross-correlation between a pair of images serves as the similarity measure. A computationally efficient algorithm is designed and packaged as a software application. This work provides an intervention free process for extracting plant water stress information which can be fed into an automated irrigation scheduling program. The proposed algorithm is justified by the comparison of its registration performance with that of other potential algorithm techniques using several experimental data collections. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and efficiency of its application to the registration of IR and optical images.     

Efficient registration of optical and IR images for automatic plant water stress assessment

Automatic registration of optical and IR images is a crucial step towards constructing an automated irrigation control system where plant water information is sensed via thermal imaging. The scene of the IR image is assumed to be completely included in the optical image and the alignment between the common scene in the two images may involve translation and rotation by a small angle, though a small scale difference may also be present. This automatic registration of data from two quite different, non-rigid imaging regimes presents several challenges, which cannot be overcome using common image processing techniques. In this paper, a fully automatic image registration algorithm for the alignment of optical and IR image pairs is described, where Pearson's cross-correlation between a pair of images serves as the similarity measure. A computationally efficient algorithm is designed and packaged as a software application. This work provides an intervention free process for extracting plant water stress information which can be fed into an automated irrigation scheduling program. The proposed algorithm is justified by the comparison of its registration performance with that of other potential algorithm techniques using several experimental data collections. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and efficiency of its application to the registration of IR and optical images.     

农村“三产”融合紧密型利益联结:主要模式与机制构建

农村"三产"融合是实现产业兴旺的关键路径,完善利益联结机制是农村"三产"融合发展的关键。当前农村"三产"融合典型利益联结模式主要有以合同为纽带的契约型、以合作社为中介的合作式、以要素融合为特征的股权制三种模式。现有模式不能有效兼顾农村"三产"融合各主体的利益,尤其是小农户的利益得不到保障。河头镇股份经济合作社联合社的案例表明,股份合作社联合社在平衡农村"三产"融合各主体利益方面具有一定的合理性、科学性和先进性,是农村"三产"融合紧密型利益联接机制的有效载体。     

Edge surfaces in lithographically textured molybdenum disulfide

Lithographic techniques were used to expose edge surfaces in layered molybdenum disulfide single crystals. This microstructuring produced ideal samples for the study of the surface morphology and electronic structure of this catalytically important material. The optical absorption that was measured at mid-gap increased by two orders of magnitude after texturing. This increase resulted from reduced molybdenum at surface defects that are located on edge planes, as shown by photoemission spectroscopy. This information cannot easily be obtained on conventional crystals with predominantly basal plane surfaces.     

A "Double-Diamond Superlattice" Built Up of Cd17S4(SCH2CH2OH)26 Clusters

A simple preparation of Cd(17)S(4)(SCH(2)CH(2)OH)(26) clusters in aqueous solution leads to the formation of colorless blocky crystals. X-ray structure determinations revealed a superlattice framework built up of covalently linked clusters. This superlattice is best described as two enlarged and interlaced diamond or zinc blende lattices. Because both the superlattice and the clusters display the same structural features, the crystal structure resembles the self-similarities known from fractal geometry. The optical spectrum of the cluster solution displays a sharp transition around 290 nanometers with a large absorption coefficient ( approximately 84,000 per molar per centimeter).     

Hexagonal pattern in cell walls of Escherichia coli B

Cell walls, isolated from Escherichia coli B, as examined by electron microscopy and optical diffraction contain a hexagonal lattice structure, the (1,0) planes of which are separated by 140 +/- 8 angstroms. Unless the walls are briefly heated (10 minutes, 90 degrees C) early in the isolation, the hexagonal array cannot always be observed. Enzymatic digestion with pancreatin and amylase improves visualization of the lattice; subsequent treatment with pepsin and sodium dodecylsulfate removes the hexagonal pattern. Protein or lipoprotein globular units within the wall may thus be arranged in a hexagonal array uponthe mucopeptide layer.     

Females' choice of "good genotypes" as mates is promoted by an insect mating system

Can animal mating systems result in the choice of mates carrying genotypes that are otherwise favored by natural selection? This question is addressed by studying, in natural populations of Colias butterflies, how the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) enzyme genotype of males mating Colias females varies with degree of female mate discrimination. Certain PGI genotypes (as predicted from their biochemical properties) have been found previously to have an advantage in diverse fitness-related properties: flight capacity, survivorship, and overall mating success. It is shown here that males of these same genotypes have even greater advantage in remating older, more discriminating females than they do in mating previously unmated, less discriminating females. Assortative mating is not found and thus cannot explain this effect. The mating system of these insects does, at least in this case, result in active female choice of generally favorable male genotypes as mates.     

Comment on "Zircon thermometer reveals minimum melting conditions on earliest Earth" II

Watson and Harrison (Reports, 6 May 2005, p. 841) interpreted low temperatures (approximately 700 degrees C) for Hadean zircons as evidence of the existence of wet, minimum-melting conditions within 200 million years of solar system formation. However, high-temperature melts (approximately 900 degrees C) are zircon-undersaturated and crystallize zircon only after substantial temperature drop during fractional crystallization. Zircon thermometry cannot distinguish between low- and high-temperature Hadean igneous sources.     

多媒体MP4与光学成像

多媒体视频MP4与光学视频的光学成像分不开的。光学的几何光学成像是光学的一个分支学科。几何光学的基本原理是光学成像的关键。纠正像差是检验光学设备好坏的关键。     

"Second Emerson Effect" in the Hill Reaction of Chlorella Cells with Quinone as Oxidant

The second Emerson effect can be observed not only in photosynthesis but also in the photoreduction of quinone by Chlorella cells. This shows that this effect is not due to respiration and is not associated with the carbon dioxide-reducing phase of photosynthesis. Peaks at 650 and 670 mmicro in the action spectra of this effect, in the case of quinone reductions as well as in that of photosynthesis in Chlorella, show that light absorbed by chlorophyll b as well as that absorbed by chlorophyll a 670 can effectively supplement far-red light (> 680 mmicro) in both reactions; light absorbed by chlorophyll a 680 cannot do so.     

Examining nanoenvironments in solids on the scale of a single, isolated impurity molecule

Optical spectroscopy of single impurity molecules in solids can be used as an exquisitely sensitive probe of the structure and dynamics of the specific local environment around the single molecule (the "nanoenvironment"). Recently observed effects such as spectral diffusion, perturbations by external fields, changes in molecular photophysics, shifts in vibrational modes, optical modification of the absorption spectrum, dynamics due to amorphous system physics, and magnetic resonance of a single molecular spin attest to the vitality of and growing interest in this new field, which may lead to optical storage on the single-molecule level.     

Anatomy of a conformational change: hinged "lid" motion of the triosephosphate isomerase loop

Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is used as a model system for the study of how a localized conformational change in a protein structure is produced and related to enzyme reactivity. An 11-residue loop region moves more than 7 angstroms and closes over the active site when substrate binds. The loop acts like a "lid" in that it moves rigidly and is attached by two hinges to the remainder of the protein. The nature of the motion appears to be built into the loop by conserved residues; the hinge regions, in contrast, are not conserved. Results of molecular dynamics calculations confirm the structural analysis and suggest a possible ligand-induced mechanism for loop closure.     

具有一般比率依赖功能性反应的阶段结构捕食系统性态分析

考虑比率依赖的食饵带阶段结构捕食系统.在假设食饵种群中未成年个体和成年个体由一个确定的年龄来划分开,并且捕食者仅捕食未成年食饵的基础上,讨论了平衡点的存在性.由于系统在原点处不能线性化,局部渐近稳定性分析运用了线性化和系统变换的方法.此外,还证明了当正平衡点存在时系统是一致持续生存的,并利用极限系统理论和杜拉克判据研究了边界平衡点全局渐近稳定性,这表明了此时捕食者种群将绝灭.     

设立"袭警罪"之我见

针对袭警行为而要求设立"袭警罪"并不能从根本上对这一现象进行有效遏制,相反容易引发现有法律体系的混乱,同时也有悖于宪法的精神和现代法的基本价值取向.要从根本上遏制减少暴力抗法现象,一方面必须持续有效地推进中国的法制化进程.更为现实的是要严格正当执法程序,加强警察自身建设,营造和谐的执法环境.     

“河北省农业经济数据管理与服务系统”研发

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Photoacoustic spectroscopy of biological materials

A new technique for performing optical spectroscopy on solids has been developed. Photoacoustic spectra of cytochrome c and hemoglobin show how this technique can be used to obtain information about optical absorptions and subsequent de-excitations in solid biological materials, particularly those which cannot readily be studied by conventional means.     

X-ray Photographs of a Solar Active Region with a Multilayer Telescope at Normal Incidence

An astronomical photograph was obtained with a multilayer x-ray telescope. A 4-centimeter tungsten-carbon multilayer mirror was flown as part of an experimental solar rocket payload, and successful images were taken of the sun at normal incidence at a wavelength of 44 angstroms. Coronal Si-XII emission from an active region was recorded on film; as expected, the structure is very similar to that observed at O-VIII wavelengths by the Solar Maximum Mission flat crystal spectrometer at the same time. The small, simple optical system used in this experiment appears to have achieved a resolution of 5 to 10 arc seconds.     

解决“三农”问题路径的探讨

"三农"问题由来已久,是长期"二元经济社会结构"、城乡分治、过度汲取农业剩余牺牲发展工业的结果;近年来日趋严重与我国国际贸易环境的恶化密不可分,全面解决的难度是非常大的,笔者认为现阶段必须有清晰的解决问题的路径,采取多种富有针对性的措施,才有可能在较短的时间内解决好"三农"问题,实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标.     

Comment on "Probing the ultimate limit of fiber-optic strain sensing"

Gagliardi et al. (Reports, 19 November 2010, p. 1081) described an ultrahigh-resolution fiber-optic strain sensor. This comment addresses an error in the calculation of the fundamental thermodynamic noise in optical fiber resonators and shows that the actual thermodynamic noise level is lower by a factor of at least 11 than that calculated.