益生菌的作用机制及其在畜禽临床治疗中的应用

益生菌可作为畜禽饲料添加剂使用,应用于畜禽饲料添加剂中有助于改善胃肠菌群环境,维持肠道菌群的平衡。鉴于益生菌的作用机制,可将益生菌应用于畜禽疾病的预防治疗中。本文主要讲了益生菌的作用及其作用机制,探讨了益生菌在畜禽疾病预防治疗上的应用,分析了益生菌在畜禽临床治疗中的发展趋势。     

益生菌的作用机制及其在畜禽生产中的应用

益生菌是对机体有益的一类细菌,本文从益生菌抗病原微生物、调节机体免疫功能、促进营养物质消化吸收3个方面阐述益生菌的作用机制,并从益生菌提高畜禽生长性能、降低畜禽疾病发病率方面综述益生菌在畜禽生产中的应用。     

中草药防治鸡大肠杆菌病研究进展

鸡大肠杆菌病是家禽养殖业中发病率最高、经济损失占比最大的疾病。随着现代畜牧业的不断发展,抗生素在畜禽养殖过程中的不规范使用,导致细菌的耐药性增强,窄化了可用于治疗畜禽疾病的有效药物范围,使得用药剂量增加,形成了恶性循环。药物的过多使用,在畜禽体内形成残留、蓄积,对生产环境造成危害,对生态环境也有不可忽视的影响,且从公共卫生层面而言,对人类健康也具有威胁。中草药防治大肠杆菌病有一定的应用前景。使用中草药或根据配伍组成复方制剂防治大肠杆菌病,在抑菌、增强免疫力等方面具有一定优势。文章阐述了中草药防治鸡大肠杆菌病的机制,探讨了单药、复方制剂及中西结合治疗等在鸡大肠杆菌病防治中的应用,旨在为防治大肠杆菌的药物研发提供一定的参考。     

益生菌制剂调控畜禽肠道健康与消化道微生物互作的免疫机制

益生菌制剂作为饲料添加剂,在维护畜禽机体肠道健康、菌群平衡以及营养生理方面发挥着极其重要的作用。一方面,益生菌制剂能够替代部分抗生素,为实现畜禽养殖过程中的"减抗"目标,开辟了一条优质、安全、绿色的道路;另一方面,益生菌制剂能够调控肠道生理结构和改善肠道屏障完整性,进而缓解畜禽养殖中的"亚健康"状况。本文围绕益生菌制剂的种类与作用,益生菌制剂对畜禽肠道免疫、应激、疾病的调控机制,益生菌制剂的发展前景进行阐述,为开发更多益生菌制剂的产品提供理论支撑。     

益生菌-中草药制剂对鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑菌与攻毒保护试验

为研究益生菌-中草药制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的防控作用,试验从散养草鸡的脾脏和肝脏组织中分离出2株革兰氏阳性杆菌[短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)和巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)],将已活化的2株芽孢杆菌与麦芽、猪苓、茯苓三种中草药制成益生菌-中草药制剂,观察其对鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑制和攻毒保护效果。结果表明:益生菌-中草药制剂对鸡大肠杆菌的抑菌率为94. 7%,对人工感染大肠杆菌的保护率达到87. 5%以上。说明益生菌-中草药制剂对预防鸡大肠杆菌病有良好的效果。     

动物性大肠杆菌病的中药研究进展

大肠杆菌病是动物群体中常见的一类传染性疾病,危害范围广泛。本文通过分析大肠杆菌病在畜禽养殖行业中产生的危害,对现代中药及其复方制剂对动物性大肠杆菌病的防治应用进行综述,以期为今后该病的治疗提供借鉴意义。     

益生菌的作用机制及其在畜禽临床治疗中的应用

益生菌是指当摄入一定量时对宿主健康有益的活的微生物。目前已经被广泛应用于畜牧生产中,提高了动物的生产性能和抵抗力,在维持畜禽健康上发挥着重要的作用。本文主要阐述益生菌的作用机制及益生菌在兽医临床疾病治疗上的应用,同时对益生菌在治疗畜禽疾病类型方面进行了展望。     

影响益生菌制剂效果的因素研究

益生菌制剂具有调节畜禽体内菌群失衡,增强免疫力,促进机体对营养物质的消化吸收,改善畜禽生产性能的作用。其还能起到"已病辅治、未病防病、无病保健"的重要作用。益生菌制剂效果的发挥取决于益生菌菌种的特性、制造工艺、添加量和动物种类及其生理状态等多种因素的影响。同时,使用方法的不同对益生菌制剂效果的体现也不同。     

雏鸡亚利桑那菌病的诊疗报告

禽亚利桑那菌病(Arizonosis)又称阿利桑那症、结肠旁疾病和副大肠杆菌病等,是本世纪四十年代末期发现的一种人畜禽共患细菌性传染病,呈世界性分布。我国的报     

蛋鸡大肠杆菌病的诊疗和预防技术

本文从鸡大肠杆菌病的传播形式和致病因素入手,介绍了大肠杆菌病的诊断方法,重点阐述了抗生素治疗模式、益生菌制剂治疗模式和中草药治疗模式的作用,并从鸡舍的温度和湿度控制、鸡舍的通风换气和环境消毒等方面深入探讨了鸡大肠杆菌病的防治方法.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.