河南省规模化猪场肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为查明河南省规模化猪场寄生虫感染情况,应用直接涂片法、饱和食盐溶液漂浮法、水洗沉淀法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法等5种方法,对河南省10个地市13个规模化猪场不同年龄猪群的1119份粪便样品进行检查。结果显示:猪肠道寄生虫感染主要为球虫、类圆线虫、鞭虫、蛔虫、结肠小袋纤毛虫和隐孢子虫;寄生虫总感染率为56.21%,其中球虫感染率为41.73%;隐孢子虫感染率为11.35%;结肠小袋纤毛虫感染率为9.47%;类圆线虫感染率为5.45%;蛔虫感染率11.53%;鞭虫感染率为6.43%。本研究为今后有效防治河南地区猪寄生虫病提供科学依据。     

泰州地区猪肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解泰州地区猪肠道寄生虫感染情况,共采集泰州3个地区(泰兴、姜堰、兴化)1206份猪新鲜粪便样品,通过饱和食盐水漂浮法、饱和蔗糖液漂浮法进行检测。结果:阳性粪便数为327份,占总调查粪便样品数的27.1%;小型猪场感染率为50.1%(236/471),规模化猪场感染率为12.4%(91/735)。泰州地区共检测到7种肠道寄生虫,分别是蛔虫、毛尾线虫、球虫、小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫、食道口线虫、类圆线虫,其中,泰兴地区7种寄生虫感染率分别是6.2%、2.7%、6.2%、7.2%、8.7%、2.5%、1.0%;姜堰地区7种寄生虫感染率分别是8.3%、0.7%、5.6%、7.8%、5.4%、1.5%、0.5%;兴化地区7种寄生虫感染率分别是2.8%、0.5%、8.8%、9.1%、3.3%、1.0%、0%。结果表明:小型猪场感染率比规模化猪场高;小型猪场蛔虫、球虫、小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫感染率较高;规模化猪场球虫、小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫等原虫感染率较高。     

安徽省规模化猪场猪肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解安徽省规模化猪场肠道寄生虫感染情况,从安徽省亳州市利辛县、安庆市宿松县和潜山县、滁州市琅琊区、合肥市长丰县、阜阳市颍上县和六安市裕安区7个规模化猪场采集粪便样品500份,采用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、水洗沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色-镜检法进行检查。结果显示:猪肠道寄生虫总感染率为31.00%,共检出结肠小袋纤毛虫、球虫、毛滴虫、类圆线虫和食道口线虫等虫种,其中以结肠小袋纤毛虫、球虫和毛滴虫为主要感染虫种。调查结果表明安徽省规模化猪场蠕虫的防控较好,建议加强对肠道原虫病的防控。     

河南省猪的肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

应用饱和食盐溶液漂浮法、水洗沉淀法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法、改良抗酸染色法等多种方法对河南地区所属的10个地市12个规模化养猪场、12个养猪小专业户及12个散养户的不同年龄猪群的1 210份粪便样品进行寄生虫检查。结果显示:猪肠道寄生虫中,球虫、蛔虫、类圆线虫、毛首线虫、结肠小袋纤毛虫、隐孢子虫等总感染率为40.08%,其中规模化猪场共采粪样1 010份,寄生虫感染率为36.44%;对养猪小专业户、散养户采取的200份粪样检查,寄生虫感染率为58.50%。结果表明:本省规模化猪场、养猪小专业户、散养户猪部分肠道寄生虫流行仍较严重,其防治工作任重道远。     

永州地区规模化猪场猪肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

对永州地区10个规模化猪场猪肠道寄生虫感染情况进行了调查.结果发现,猪蛔虫、毛首线虫、小袋纤毛虫、球虫和结节虫的感染率分别为7.4%、3.7%、19.8%、20.8%和14.4%.并对调查结果进行了分析,提出了相应的防控措施.     

广东和浙江部分地区集约化猪场肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

笔者于2008年6—8月对广东和浙江部分地区7个集约化猪场猪群进行寄生虫感染情况调查。结果显示,7个猪场中有6个猪场存在寄生虫感染,场阳性率为85.71%;主要感染虫种有食道口线虫、猪球虫、小袋纤毛虫、鞭虫等,其中猪球虫感染率达到24.74%,食道口线虫感染率为7.22%,小袋纤毛虫感染率为2.06%,鞭虫感染率为1.03%,且不同年龄阶段猪群寄生虫感染情况不一。     

猪场肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

对永州地区10个规模化猪场猪肠道寄生虫感染情况进行调查,结果发现猪蛔虫、毛首线虫、小袋纤毛虫、球虫和结节虫感染率分别为7.4%、3.7%、19.8%、20.8%、14.4%。本文对调查结果进行了分析并提出了相应的防控措施。     

虫力黑“四加一”驱虫模式

据调查,集约化猪场的寄生虫感染仍较普遍,其中小袋纤毛虫感染率42.7%,球虫感染率24.9%,疥螨感染率10%,鞭虫感染率5.7%,蛔虫感染率5.2%,食道口线虫感染率     

户县某镇散养犬肠道寄生虫种类及感染情况的调查

为了解户县某镇散养犬肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用饱和食盐水漂浮法等对该地区散养犬120份粪便样品进行了检测。结果发现8种犬肠道寄生虫,分别是犬弓首蛔虫、等孢球虫、犬钩口线虫、粪类圆线虫、犬贾第虫、毛尾线虫、犬复孔绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫,其感染率分别为65.83%、40.83%、35.00%、26.67%、9.17%、6.67%、2.50%和1.67%。寄生虫总感染率为100%。在这些感染犬中,混合感染2种肠道寄生虫的为44例,混合感染3种以上肠道寄生虫的为31例,其混合感染率为62.5%;犬弓首蛔虫、等孢球虫和犬钩口线虫为优势种。     

玉溪市仔猪肠道寄生虫的调查

本文报道了玉溪市仔猪感染肠道寄生虫的情况及感染率，共查1055份粪样，阳性689份，阳性率65．3％，共检测到蠕虫虫卵6种、原虫病原体2种，其中61日龄以上仔猪中检出6种，蛔虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、布氏姜片吸虫、蛭形巨吻棘头虫、小袋纤毛虫；60日龄的内仔猪7种；蛔虫、食道口线虫、毛首线虫、球首线虫、布氏姜片吸虫、球虫、小袋纤毛虫、感染最普遍的蛔虫，食道口线虫、小袋纤毛虫，在61日龄以上和60日龄内仔猪的感染率分别为61．2％与14．2％、23．7％和23．4％、3．7％秘82．0％。     

Malaria in cynomolgus monkeys used in toxicity studies in Japan

Plasmodium spp. protozoa cause malaria and are known to infect humans and a variety of animal species including macaque monkeys. Here we report both our experience with malaria recrudescence in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in a toxicity study and the results of a survey on Plasmodium infection in cynomolgus monkeys imported to Japan for laboratory use. A cynomolgus monkey from the toxicity study presented with severe anemia and Plasmodium protozoa in erythrocytes on a thin blood smear and was subsequently diagnosed with symptomatic malaria. In this animal, congestion and accumulation of hemozoin (malaria pigment) in macrophages were noted in the enlarged and darkly discolored spleen. As a follow-up for the experience, spleen sections from 800 cynomolgus monkeys in toxicity studies conducted between 2003 and 2013 were retrospectively examined for hemozoin deposition as a marker of Plasmodium infection. The origin of the animals included Cambodia, China, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Hemozoin deposition was confirmed in 44% of all examined monkeys. Monkeys from Indonesia showed the highest incidence of hemozoin deposition (approx. 80%). A high prevalence of Plasmodium infection in laboratory monkeys was also confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using Plasmodium genus-specific primers. Although Japan is not a country with endemic malaria, it is important to be aware of the prevalence and potential impact of background infection with Plasmodium spp. and recrudescence of symptomatic malaria in imported laboratory monkeys on pharmaceutical toxicity studies.     

Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in captive nonhuman primates in zoos in Spain

Toxoplasma gondii is a widely distributed zoonotic protozoan parasite, which can affect most warm-blooded species. Some species of non-human primates (NHPs) are highly susceptible to T. gondii infection. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in NHPs housed in zoos in Spain. Sera from 189 NHPs belonging to 33 species were collected in eight zoos. Additionally, 10 of the 189 animals were longitudinally sampled. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 48 NHPs (25.4%; confidence interval of 95% (CI_95%): 19.2–31.6) using a modified agglutination test (MAT; cut-off = 25). Seropositive animals had titers of 25 (6.3%), 50 (8.3%), 100 (8.3%) and ≥500 (68.8%). Seropositivity was detected in 15 of the 33 species (45.5%). Of the 10 NHPs sampled more than once, two animals (one Barbary macaque [Macaca sylvanus] and one common chimpanzee [Pan toglodytes]) seroconverted along the study period, while one seropositive chimpanzee increased antibody titers over time. The Hominidae family (OR = 5.9; CI_95%: 2.7–12.8) and sex (females) (OR = 2.1; CI_95%: 1.1–4.1) were risk factors potentially associated with seropositivity to T. gondii. Our results evince a widespread circulation of T. gondii in NHPs in zoos in Spain, which may be of conservation concern. Control measures should be implemented to minimize the risk of exposure of these species to T. gondii.     

Helminths in camels in Iraq

Summary Twenty-five camels (Camelus dromedarius) were examined at Baghdad City abattoir. Of the 13 helminth species recorded,Trichostrongylus spp. were the most common, whileCamelostrongylus mentulatus and the hydatid larval cysts ofEchinococcus granulosus were also frequently found.Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia memasteri were recorded for the first time in Iraq.     

Breed Differences in Natriuretic Peptides in Healthy Dogs

Background

Measurement of plasma concentration of natriuretic peptides (NPs) is suggested to be of value in diagnosis of cardiac disease in dogs, but many factors other than cardiac status may influence their concentrations. Dog breed potentially is 1 such factor.

Objective

To investigate breed variation in plasma concentrations of pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide 31‐67 (proANP 31‐67) and N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in healthy dogs.

Animals

535 healthy, privately owned dogs of 9 breeds were examined at 5 centers as part of the European Union (EU) LUPA project.

Methods

Absence of cardiovascular disease or other clinically relevant organ‐related or systemic disease was ensured by thorough clinical investigation. Plasma concentrations of proANP 31‐67 and NT‐proBNP were measured by commercially available ELISA assays.

Results

Overall significant breed differences were found in proANP 31‐67 (P < .0001) and NT‐proBNP (P < .0001) concentrations. Pair‐wise comparisons between breeds differed in approximately 50% of comparisons for proANP 31‐67 as well as NT‐proBNP concentrations, both when including all centers and within each center. Interquartile range was large for many breeds, especially for NT‐proBNP. Among included breeds, Labrador Retrievers and Newfoundlands had highest median NT‐proBNP concentrations with concentrations 3 times as high as those of Dachshunds. German Shepherds and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels had the highest median proANP 31‐67 concentrations, twice the median concentration in Doberman Pinschers.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Considerable interbreed variation in plasma NP concentrations was found in healthy dogs. Intrabreed variation was large in several breeds, especially for NT‐proBNP. Additional studies are needed to establish breed‐specific reference ranges.     

Bartonellae in animals and vectors in New Caledonia

Bartonellae are gram-negative facultative intracellular alpha-proteobacteria from the family Bartonellaceae. The natural history of bartonellae consists of a reservoir/host, which is a vertebrate with chronic intravascular infection with sustained bacteremia, and a vector (usually an arthropod) that transfers the bacteria from the reservoir to a susceptible yet uninfected host. In order to reveal the sources and reservoirs of Bartonella infection in animals and vectors in New Caledonia, we collected the blood samples of 64 dogs, 8 cats, 30 bovines, 25 horses and 29 wild deer Cervus timorensis russa and 308 associated blood-sucking parasites (14 keds Hippobosca equina, 258 ticks (22 Rhipicephalus microplus, 235 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and 1 Haemaphysalis longicornis), 12 fleas Ctenocephalides felis and 24 dog lice Trichodectes canis). We isolated ten strains of Bartonella: four Bartonella henselae from cats and six Bartonella chomelii from cattle. The strains were characterized by sequencing of five genes (16S, ITS, rpoB, gltA and ftsZ). The six strains isolated from cattle were close to the reference strain of B. chomelii and were, probably, imported from France with cattle of Limousin race. PCR showed that 35% of keds collected from deer and 31% of deer were infected by B. aff. schoenbuchensis; all other samples were negative. Our data confirmed that in New Caledonia, as in other regions of the world, cats are the major reservoirs of B. henselae. We also confirmed that Hippoboscidae flies may serve as the vectors of ruminant-associated bartonellae.     

Bluetongue in exotic sheep in Cameroon

Summary Bluetongue virus (BTV) was diagnosed in the Animal Research Institute, Mankon, Bamenda from tissue samples collected from five sheep of exotic breeds which had died of suspected bluetongue in a series of outbreaks between June and October 1982. Five serotypes BTV 1, 4, 5, 12 and 14 were isolated during the period mentioned. Similar disease occurred during June of the following year and BTV type 16 was isolated from a spleen sample from a dead sheep.

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Resumen Se diagnosticó lengua azul, mediante aislamiento del virus, en el Instituto de Investigaciones Animales, Mankon, Bamenda, de muestras de tejido colectades de cinco ovejas de razas exóticas, las cuales murieron con sospecha de lengua azul, en una seríe de brotes entre junio y octubre de 1982. Se aislaron cinco serotipos BTV 1, 4, 5, 12 y 14 durante el período mencionado. La misma enfermedad occurió en junio del a?o siguiente, aislándose BTV tipo 16 del bazo de una oveja enferma.

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Résumé A l'Institut de Recherches zootechniques de Mankon Bamenda, le virus de la fièvre catarrhale a été isolé à partir de prélèvements de tissus pris sur cinq moutons de races exotiques qui sont morts d'une maladie soup?onnée être la fièvre catarrhale lors d'une série d'épidémies de juin à octobre 1982. Cinq sérotypes (BTVI) 4, 5, 12 et 14) ont été isolés pendant la période mentionnée. Une maladie similaire est apparue pendant le mois de juin de l'année suivante et le sérotype BTV 16 a été isolé à partir d'un prélèvement de rate pris sur un mouton mort.

     

Dermatophilus congolensis Infection in Goats in Tanzania

When goats in Eastern Tanzania were screened for skin diseases, Dermatophilus congolensis was isolated from the skin lesions in 8 of 484 animals examined. In one severely affected case, the disease was also characterized by histological studies (Gram stain, Giemsa stain and routine HE studies) and electron microscopy. The histological picture was characterized by hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, folliculitis and an inflammatory cellular reaction involving the epidermis. Gram stain and Giemsa stain revealed longitudinal and transverse branching filaments in the deeper layers of the epidermis. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated D. congolensis in various morphological forms, ranging from filamentous to tuber-shaped structures, mixed with numerous coccoid bodies of variable size. In some instances, the organisms were geometrically arranged in parallel rows of beading and were present in and among the degenerated epithelial cells. Several host cells showed degenerative changes. Ticks present on the goats were Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhipicephalus pravus and Boophilus sp. The clinical signs, pathological lesions, diagnosis, epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease are discussed.     

Abomasal Nematodes in Cattle in Ontario

During 1970, 93 abomasa from cattle in Ontario were examined, and from 63 of these abomasa nematode species of the genera Ostertagia, Haemonchus and/or Trichostrongylus axei were recovered. The abomasa were from cattle six months to two years of age and were collected either from the postmortem room at the Ontario Veterinary College or from two abattoirs near Guelph. The numbers of worms per abomasum were estimated and their genera were identified from a one-twentieth volume of the washings and contents. The prevalence of Ostertagia species was estimated by examining random samples of adult male worms. Morphological variations in the species of the genera Ostertagia and Haemonchus were estimated by examining random samples of adult females. The predominant nematode was Ostertagia ostertagi. Other Ostertagia species recovered were O. trifurcata, O. lyrata and O. circumcincta. The numbers of nematodes recovered were generally low. Adult Ostertagia females had well-developed vulvar flaps. However, in abomasa where adult male O. trifurcata and O. lyrata were found, some adult female Ostertagia worms had reduced or no vulvar flaps. In two abomasa, adult Haemonchus females had large pendulous or “linguiform” vulvar flaps, and adult males had mean spicule lengths of 517 and 512 μ and were, therefore, unlike any of the recognized Haemonchus species.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.