犬肾脏与输尿管结石的发病、诊断与治疗

尿石病指尿结石或尿石（肾、输尿管、膀胱、尿道）等情况。本文介绍犬肾结石和输尿管结石的发病机理、症状、诊断、药物疗法和手术疗法。     

犬尿路结石的综合治疗

尿路结石又称尿石病,是指在肾脏、输尿管、膀胱以及尿道中盐类结晶凝结成大小不一、数量不等的凝结物,刺激尿路黏膜而引起的出血性炎症和尿路阻塞性疾病,以排尿障碍和血尿为特征。尿路结石是犬泌尿系统的一种常发疾病,根据结石部位的不同,分为肾结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石和尿     

藏獒犬尿结石的诊治

<正>尿结石是由于尿路感染或代谢异常等引起尿中盐类沉积在肾盂、膀胱等形成结石,引起输尿管或尿道发生阻塞性疾病。根据结石阻塞部位可分为肾结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石、尿道结石。犬尿结石症是指尿路中的无机盐或有机盐类     

一例雄性巴哥犬尿道结石的诊治

尿结石是肾脏、输尿管、膀胱或尿道里出现＂石子＂,引起疼痛、血尿和尿路感染。如结石长期阻塞泌尿道,可造成肾积水甚至损害肾功能。临床上根据发生的部位可分为肾、输尿管、膀胱及尿道的结石。     

一例母猪血尿症的治疗与浅析

血尿是由于肾脏、输尿管、膀胱或尿道损伤引起尿中混有血液，或其它疾病致使尿中含有血红蛋白的一种疾病。据资料记载，这种疾病以牛、羊发病较多，猪的发病记载很少，尤其是产后母猪出现低温、血尿症的更不多见。现将该病诊治过程记录如下，以供同仁参考。     

猪尿道结石的手术及中药疗法

尿石症又名尿结石或尿道结石,是尿路中盐类结晶的凝结物,导致黏膜刺激、出血、炎症、尿道阻塞、排尿困难和腹痛的疾病。尿石形成起源于肾或膀胱,而阻塞可发生在输尿管及尿道。本病主要与饲料及饮水的数量和质量,机体矿物质代谢状态,以及泌尿器官,特别是肾脏的机能活动密切关系。猪尿道结     

喜马拉雅旱獭泌尿器官组织学观察

对青藏高原喜马拉雅旱獭的肾、输尿管、膀胱和尿道进行了组织学观察。结果表明:皮质肾单位较髓质肾单位多,在大小上无明显差异;输尿管管壁由黏膜、肌层和外膜组成;膀胱壁包括黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜;尿道壁由变移上皮、海绵体、肌层和外膜构成。     

看猪尿识猪病

正常的猪尿为清水样,无色或者带浅黄色、无异物的液体。频尿猪排尿次数增多,每次尿量少,多见于膀胱炎或者膀胱结石。多尿猪排尿次数多,量也多,多见于肾脏病及代谢障碍病。少尿排尿次数少,量也少,多见于急性肾炎、机体严重脱水(腹泻、呕吐)及患有热性病。无尿常做排尿姿势而无尿排出,多见于膀胱破裂,肾功能衰竭、输尿管、膀胱或者尿道阻塞。尿闭肾脏泌尿正常,膀胱充满尿液不能排出,多见于尿道闭塞、膀胱麻痹、膀胱括约肌痉挛或者脊髓损伤等。尿失禁不自主的排尿,多见于脊髓或者中枢系统疾病、膀胱括约肌受损或者麻痹。排尿困难排尿时弓腰努责…     

X线诊断11例犬尿结石

<正>犬尿结石是尿路中盐类结晶的凝结物对尿路黏膜刺激,引起炎症、出血和阻塞的一种泌尿系统疾病。犬尿结石包括肾脏结石、输尿管结石、膀胱结石和尿道结石。其中膀胱和尿道结石最常见,肾脏和输尿管结石少见。犬尿结石主要见于中老年犬,公犬常膀胱与尿道同时发生结石,母犬主要是膀胱结石。结石对膀胱和尿道机械性刺激,引起犬的膀胱炎和尿道炎,随著结石增大引起尿路阻塞,经常出现尿频、血尿、尿淋漓甚至尿闭等明显的临床症     

水貂尿结石的诊治

水貂尿结石是由于饲料成分、机体状态、病原微生物感染等多种因素,使矿物质沉积于膀胱、肾脏、输尿管或尿道而引起的以排尿障碍为特征的疾病。     

Sudden Death by Ovarian Hemorrhage and Hemoperitoneum in a Pregnant Miniature Mare

This report describes a case of sudden death of a pregnant miniature mare due to an acute ovarian hemorrhage leading to fatal hemoperitoneum. The miniature horse was a 12-year-old female, 60 days pregnant, with a body condition score of 7 (1–9), with a history of obesity and laminitis. Necropsy revealed hemoperitoneum due to an ovarian capsule rupture and hemorrhage after a physiological supplementary ovulation and luteinization. Ovarian rupture after ovulation is uncommon in mares.     

Postpartum Massive Hematoma within the Broad Ligament of the Uterus in a Broodmare Possibly Caused by Rupture of the Uterine Artery

A broodmare showed mild signs of abdominal discomfort and anemia after normal delivery. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a massive hematoma within the broad ligament adjacent to the uterine horn. Internal bleeding into the peritoneal cavity (hemoabdomen) was not seen. Following treatment, the clinical signs improved. Hemorrhage caused by rupture of the arteries within the broad ligament of the uterus may be a cause of hematoma. Prepartum and postpartum rupture of the arteries supplying the reproductive organs in the mare, which is not uncommon, can be fatal if severe hemoabdomen occurs. In the present case, the hematoma was considered to be tightly encapsulated between two serosal membrane layers of the broad ligament, and the membranes had remained intact. Thus, the serosal membranes did not split open, and massive bleeding into the peritoneal cavity did not occur. For this reason, the present broodmare avoided potentially fatal hemorrhagic shock.     

DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY BLADDER RUPTURE USING ULTRASOUND CONTRAST CYSTOGRAPHY: IN VITRO MODEL AND TWO CASE-HISTORY REPORTS

Because urinary bladder rupture can be life threatening, a simple, safe technique for evaluating patients is desirable. Current diagnostic protocols involve radiographic imaging, but ultrasound-based contrast techniques have not been methodically evaluated in veterinary patients with urologic trauma. Ultrasound contrast cystography (contrast cystosonography) involves infusion of microbubbled saline solution through a urinary catheter. It was performed in an in vitro model and in 2 dogs with naturally occurring urinary bladder rupture. A positive result consisted of visualizing microbubbles sonographically in fluid surrounding the bladder immediately after infusion of contrast into the urinary catheter. A positive result was obtained both in the in vitro model and in the 2 dogs, with radiographic and surgical confirmation of naturally occurring intraperitoneal urinary bladder rupture in the dogs. Based on the results of this study, ultrasound contrast cystography appears to be more sensitive than two-dimensional (2D) abdominal sonography for detecting naturally occurring urinary bladder rupture in dogs.     

Ruptured capsule of the elbow joint of a draught horse

A cyst filled with fluid was found to be the cause of an enlarged antebrachium in a horse. Communication between the cyst and the elbow joint was demonstrated by: 1) finding, during radiographic examination of the elbow, radiopaque contrast solution instilled into elbow joint within the cyst; 2) finding cytological values in fluid aspirated from the cyst that were similar to those in fluid aspirated from the elbow joint; and 3) finding hyperechoic foci, assumed to be air bubbles, during ultrasonographic examination of the cyst after administration of air into the elbow joint. Communication of the cyst with the elbow joint was confirmed during post mortem examination of the affected limb.     

Accuracy of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging using detection of fiber loss and a visual analog scale for diagnosing partial and complete cranial cruciate ligament ruptures in dogs

Canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture is often bilateral and asymmetrical, ranging from partial to complete rupture. The purpose of our diagnostic accuracy study was to assess the accuracy of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of fiber loss and use of a visual analog scale in the diagnosis of complete versus partial cranial cruciate ligament rupture in 28 clinical dogs with unilateral complete rupture and contralateral partial rupture. Three Tesla MRI was performed on 56 stifles using sagittal sequences (T2‐weighted fast spin echo with fat saturation, proton density fast spin echo, and T2‐weighted 3D fast spin echo CUBE). Two MRI observers assessed the cranial cruciate ligament for fiber loss and completed a visual analog scale. The MRI data were compared to arthroscopy and clinical status. Accuracy classifying partial or complete rupture was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Compared to arthroscopy, for complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI detection of fiber loss were 0.78, 0.50–0.60, and 0.68–0.71, respectively, and, for partial tears, specificity was 1.00. An MRI visual analog scale score ≥79 was indicative of complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture (sensitivity 0.72–0.94 and specificity 0.71–0.84). Using a visual analog scale cut‐point ≥79, observers achieved good accuracy discriminating clinical status of partial or complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture (area under the curve 0.87–0.93). MRI evaluation for fiber loss and use of a visual analog scale are specific in stifles with clinically stable partial cranial cruciate ligament rupture. In stifles with clinically unstable complete cranial cruciate ligament rupture, both MRI tests are sensitive though not specific compared to arthroscopy. As a diagnostic imaging method, MRI may help guide treatment in patients with cranial cruciate ligament damage, particularly for stable partial rupture.     

Rupture of a penile artery and erectile body. An uncommon cause of dysuria in a horse

In this case report, we describe the clinical features and treatment of a Thoroughbred gelding presented for dysuria caused by rupture of a penile artery, with subsequent tear to the bulbospongiosus muscle and corpus spongiosum due to suspected blunt force trauma.     

Right ventricular rupture after lateral thoracotomy for removal of rib-associated telangiectatic osteosarcoma in a dog

Objective – To describe a case of a focal right ventricular rupture following removal of a rib-associated telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) in a dog.
Case Summary – A 2-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog, weighing 20 kg, was presented in compensated hypovolemic shock due to active bleeding into the thoracic cavity. The dog was stabilized with appropriate fluid administration. Subsequent computed tomographic examination revealed a large mineralized mass originating from the body of a rib and displacing the heart. Two days after surgical removal of this mass, focal right ventricular rupture occurred and the dog died. The mass was later identified as a TOS.
New or Unique Information Provided – Although hemothorax secondary to TOS has been described previously, this report describes for the first time, spontaneous focal right ventricular rupture as a rare complication of thoracotomy and rib resection for the removal of a rib-associated, intrathoracic TOS.     

Comparison of techniques for transdiaphragmatic thoracic drainage after diaphragmatic defect closure in dogs: a cadaveric study

Four thoracic evacuation techniques for pneumothorax elimination after diaphragmatic defect closure were compared in 40 canine cadavers. After creating a defect in the left side of the diaphragm, thoracic drainage was performed by thoracostomy tube insertion through the defect and a small (DD-SP) or large (DD-LP) puncture created in the caudal mediastinum, or through both the diaphragmatic defect and intact contralateral diaphragm with a small (DI-SP) or large (DI-LP) puncture in made in the caudal mediastinum. Differences in intrapleural pressure (IPP) between the right and left hemithoraxes after air evacuation along with differences in IPP before making a defect and after air evacuation in each hemithorax were calculated. A difference (p ≤ 0.0011) in IPP between the left and right hemithoraxes after air evacuation as well as before making a defect and after air evacuation in the right hemithorax was detected for the DD-SP group. No significant differences (p ≥ 0.0835) were observed for the DI-LP, DD-LP, or DI-SP groups. Creation of a large mediastinal puncture or thoracic evacuation through both a diaphragmatic defect and intact contralateral diaphragm can facilitate proper pneumothorax elimination bilaterally after diaphragmatic defect closure in dogs with a small puncture in the caudal mediastinum.