三黄鸡临床血管瘤病例中分离出A亚群与J亚群禽白血病病毒

为了解禽白血病病毒在广西鸡群中流行情况,采用DF-1细胞接种、细胞培养上清p27抗原检测、PCR扩增,对临床血管瘤型禽白血病的三黄鸡病料进行了病毒分离,并对分离病毒gp85基因进行测序和序列比较。结果表明,从1只病鸡同时分离到了一株A亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-A)与一株J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J),分别命名为HG01-A株和HG01-J株。ALV-A gp85与7株A亚群氨基酸同源性为85.8%~87.5%,与A亚群美国株MQNCSU同源性最高为87.5%,与A亚群原型株RSA同源性为86.9%。而ALV-J gp85与7株毒株核酸序列同源性为84.0%~93.8%,与广东株XX2-08以及四川株SCSM01同源性最高为93.8%,与英国原型株HPRS103同源性为90.2%。进化分析进一步表明,HG01-A与各参考株亲缘关系较远,HG01-J与SCSM01亲缘关系最近。本研究首次从同一只广西三黄鸡中同时分离到ALV-A及ALV-J,进一步完善了我国地方品种鸡群中禽白血病的流行病学信息。     

817肉杂鸡肉瘤组织分离出A、J亚型禽白血病病毒

山东某地饲养的36日龄817肉杂鸡生长迟缓并发生颈部肉瘤。取肉瘤组织上清液接种CEF,培养12d,用IFA试验进行病毒鉴定。检测结果表明,从该肉瘤组织分离到A亚型与J亚型禽白血病病毒(ALV-A、ALV-J),命名为SD1005株。取肉瘤组织上清液人工感染817肉杂鸡与SPF鸡进行动物回归试验,结果复制出同样肉瘤。用复制出的新鲜肉瘤分别制备肉瘤细胞与肉瘤组织触片,IFA试验再次验证出ALV-A与ALV-J均为阳性,而且发现ALV-A与ALV-J分别共感染同一个组织细胞。同时,通过PCR方法用针对ALV-A、ALV-J的2对引物扩增并鉴定出肉瘤组织中含有ALV-A、ALV-J。对扩增的ALV-J囊膜糖蛋白(env)基因1 710bp片段进行的遗传变异分析结果显示,SD1005株与14株国内外参考株之间的同源性为88.5%～94.0%,其中与来自白羽肉鸡的美国参考株0661(AF247566)、ADOL-Hc1(AF097731)的同源性最高,分别为94.0%、93.8%。本研究显示,来自817肉杂鸡的肉瘤组织上清液接种鸡可诱发急性肉瘤,其中既检出ALV-A,又检出ALV-J,但急性肉瘤由单个病毒诱发还是与共感染...     

J亚群禽白血病毒gp85基因克隆表达与初步应用

在本实验室分离鉴定J亚群禽白血病病毒的基础上,用PCR方法扩增gp85基因,长度为921 bp的DNA片段,与J亚群禽白血病标准毒株序列比对同源率为96.4%。将该片段连接到pET28a表达载体上,构建了重组表达质粒pET28a-S1-Jgp85,对质粒测序后分析后,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE分析,表达出约为40 kD的融合蛋白。Western blot结果表明,表达产物可以与ALV-J阳性血清发生特异性反应。以纯化的His-Jgp85重组蛋白为包被抗原,建立间接ELISA方法,用于J亚群禽白血病的临床诊断。本研究对抗原包被浓度,待检血清稀释浓度,酶标抗体浓度,特异性试验及临界值等条件进行优化,对优化后的ELISA检测方法进行了临床应用试验。本研究建立了能特异性检测J亚群禽白血病血清抗体的ELISA方法。     

Ontogeny of mRNA abundance of nuclear receptors and nuclear receptor target genes in young cattle

After birth the development of appropriate detoxification mechanisms is important. Nuclear receptors (NR), such as constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), retinoid receptors (RAR, RXR), and NR target genes are involved in the detoxification of exogenous and endogenous substances. We quantified abundances of hepatic mRNA of NR and several NR target genes (cytochromes, CYP; cytochrome P450 reductase, CPR; UDP-glucuronosyl transferase, UDP) in calves at different ages. Gene expression was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Abundance of mRNA of CAR and PXR increased from low levels at birth in pre-term calves (P0) and full-term calves (F0) to higher levels in 5-day-old calves (F5) and in 159-day-old veal calves (F159), whereas mRNA levels of PPARalpha did not exhibit significant ontogenetic changes. RARbeta mRNA levels were higher in F5 and F159 than in F0, whereas no age differences were observed for RARalpha levels. Levels of RXRalpha and RXRbeta mRNA were lower in F5 than in P0 and F0. Abundance of CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 increased from low levels in P0 and F0 to higher levels in F5 and to highest levels in F159. Abundance of CPR was transiently decreased in F0 and F5 calves. Levels of UGT1A1 mRNA increased from low levels in P0 and F0 to maximal level in F5 and F159. In conclusion, mRNA levels of NR and NR target genes exhibited ontogenetic changes that are likely of importance for handling of xeno- and endobiotics with increasing age.     

Antigenic cross-reactivity among avian pneumoviruses of subgroups A,B, and C at the matrix but not nucleocapsid proteins

Earlier findings from our laboratory based on analysis of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence identities of 15 avian pneumoviruses (APVs) isolated from the United States (subgroup C) demonstrated that the viruses were phylogenetically separated from the European subgroup A and subgroup B viruses. Here, we investigated whether viruses from the three subgroups were cross-reactive by testing field sera positive for each of the APV subgroups in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test with recombinant matrix (M) and nucleoprotein (N) proteins generated from a Minnesota APV isolate (APV/MN2A). Sera from turkeys infected with APV subgroup A, B, or C reacted with recombinant M protein derived from APV/MN2A. In contrast, recombinant N protein from APV/MN2A virus was reactive with sera from subtypes A and C viruses but not from subtype B virus. The results illustrate that viruses from the three APV subtypes share antigenic homology, and the M protein-based ELISA is adequate for monitoring APV outbreaks but not for distinguishing between different subtypes.     

Sequencing of canine 5-hydroxytriptamine receptor (5-HTR) 1B, 2A, 2C genes and identification of polymorphisms in the 5-HTR1B gene

Polymorphisms of human genes encoding 5-hydroxytriptamine (serotonin) receptors (5-HTRs) are thought to be associated with psychiatric disorders and behavioral traits. In the present study, we searched for corresponding polymorphisms in the dog and compared allelic frequencies for the canine 5-HTR1B, 5-HTR2A, and 5-HTR2C genes among five canine breeds. The canine genes consisted of the following: 5-HTR1B, 1170 bp; 5-HTR2A, 1413 bp; and 5-HTR2C, 1377 bp. All of these genes were highly homologous with the human genes. We found six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5-HTR1B gene (G57A, A157C, G246A, C660G, T955C, and G1146C). Genotyping of the respective SNPs revealed that there were inter-breed variations in the genotypes and allelic frequencies for four out of the six identified SNPs, suggesting that further analyses of the polymorphisms of the 5-HTR1B gene would be useful in order to gain an understanding of the genetic background underlying the diversified behavioral traits among canine species.     

Comparing mRNA levels of genes encoding leptin,leptin receptor,and lipoprotein lipase between dairy and beef cattle

Body weight and fat mass vary distinctly between German Holstein (dairy cattle) and Charolais (beef cattle). The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of the obese (Ob) gene and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene in fat tissues and expression of the long isoform leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) gene in the hypothalamus were different between these two cattle breeds. Body weight and the area of longissimus muscle cross-section of German Holstein were lower (P<0.001), while body fat content, as well as the omental and perirenal fat mass were higher (P<0.001), compared to Charolais. Plasma insulin and leptin levels between two cattle breeds were determined by radioimmunoassay. Compared to Charolais, plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.01), and plasma leptin levels were tended to be higher (P<0.1) in German Holstein. Ob mRNA levels in subcutaneous and perirenal fat depots, but not in the omental fat depot, were significantly higher (P<0.05) in German Holstein than in Charolais. LPL mRNA expression in the perirenal fat depot of German Holstein was greater in abundance than that of Charolais. No significantly different LPL mRNA levels were found in subcutaneous and omental fat depots, and Ob-Rb mRNA levels in the hypothalamus between these two cattle breeds (P<0.05). Both Ob and LPL expression was greater in perirenal and omental fat depots than in the subcutaneous fat depot (P<0.05). Data indicated that in bovine the Ob and LPL gene expression levels in perirenal fats are an important index that is associated with body fat content, while Ob-Rb in hypothalamus is not.     

Occurrence of the structural enterocin A, P, B, L50B genes in enterococci of different origin

Enterococci are well-known producers of antimicrobial peptides--bacteriocins (enterocins) and the number of characterized enterocins has been significantly increased. Recently, enterocins are of great interest for their potential as biopreservatives in food or feed while research on enterocins as alternative antimicrobials in humans and animals is only at the beginning. The present study provides a survey about the occurrence of enterocin structural genes A, P, B, L50B in a target of 427 strains of Enterococcus faecium (368) and Enterococcus faecalis (59) species from different sources (animal isolates, food and feed) performed by PCR method. Based on our results, 234 strains possessed one or more enterocin structural gene(s). The genes of enterocin P and enterocin A were the most frequently detected structural genes among the PCR positive strains (170 and 155 strains, respectively). Different frequency of the enterocin genes occurrence was detected in strains according to their origin; the strains from horses and silage showed the highest frequency of enterocin genes presence. All possible combinations of the tested genes occurred at least twice except the combination of the gene of enterocin B and L50B which possessed neither strain. The gene of enterocin A was exclusively detected among E. faecium strains, while the gene of enterocin P, B, L50B were detected in strains of both species E. faecium and E. faecalis. In conclusion, a high-frequency and variability of enterocin structural genes exists among enterococci of different origin what offers a big possibility to find effective bacteriocin-producing strains for their application in veterinary medicine.     

Cloning, expression and chromosome localization of porcine adiponectin and adiponectin receptors genes

Adiponectin is a cytokine secreted specifically by adipocytes that has been proposed to enhance insulin sensitivity and prevent atherosclerosis. Adiponectin receptors (adipoR1 and adipoR2) are recently found in mice which act as receptors for globular and full-length adiponectin to mediate the fatty-acid oxidation and glucose uptake in muscle and liver. The primary goal of this study was to examine chromosome localization of porcine adiponectin and adiponectin receptors and the gene expression pattern in various tissues of pigs of the three genes. Radiation hybrid mapping demonstrated that porcine adiponectin, adipoR1 and adipoR2 were located to chromosome13q36-41, 10p11 and 5q25, in the regions that were syntenic to the homologs of human genes, respectively. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that porcine adiponectin mRNA was specifically expressed in adipose tissue and porcine adipoR1 and adipoR2 mRNA were ubiquitously expressed in many tissues except brain. Comparison to adipoR2 mRNA which was highly expressed in liver, heart, kidney, adipose tissues and lung, adipoR1 mRNA was expressed at relatively high levels in porcine muscle, leukocytes and epididymis. Our data provide basic molecular information useful for the further investigation on the function of the three genes.     

两种策略分别克隆紫花苜蓿光敏色素A、B基因

短日照是苜蓿秋眠性的主要影响因子,故苜蓿秋眠被认为是一种光周期反应。光敏色素是光周期反应的主要受体,因而探究光敏色素与苜蓿秋眠性之间的关系可能是揭示苜蓿秋眠性机理的有效途径之一。紫花苜蓿光敏色素A、B基因尚未被克隆,本研究采用2种不同的试验策略,分别以mRNA和基因组DNA为起点,根据比较基因组学原理和生物信息学方法,利用RACE和染色体步移等手段,克隆得到了紫花苜蓿光敏色素A 全长和光敏色素B近全长基因序列,为进一步探讨两者在苜蓿生长发育,特别是苜蓿秋眠性的光周期调控机制中的作用奠定了基础, 并为克隆紫花苜蓿其他未知基因等研究提供思路和参考。     

宿主细胞粘附相关基因表达与鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒组织嗜性相关性的研究

为探究宿主细胞粘附相关基因与鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)感染组织嗜性的相关性,本研究采用ILTV特异性定量PCR方法检测了ILTV NP-3毒株感染雏鸡后ILTV在不同组织中的分布情况,并通过RT-qPCR方法在转录水平上检测了攻毒后不同组织中细胞粘附相关基因CDH11、NEGR1和VCAN的转录水平。结果显示,ILTV感染雏鸡后在喉头、气管、哈德氏腺及骨髓中病毒载量相对较高,而在法氏囊、脾脏、胸腺和肝脏中呈阴性。同时,ILTV感染显著促进了细胞粘附相关基因CDH11、NEGR1和VCAN在组织中的表达,且与ILTV在相应组织中的分布呈显著相关性(P<0.05),表明宿主细胞粘附活性对ILTV组织嗜性具有重要作用,具体机制有待进一步研究。本研究探索了ILTV感染组织嗜性与细胞粘附分子间的关系,以期为新型免疫制剂的研制奠定了基础。     

催乳素受体基因mRNA表达与山羊绒毛生长关系的研究

为探讨绒山羊皮肤组织中催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)基因mRNA表达水平与绒山羊绒毛生长的关系,通过埋植褪黑激素(me-latonin,MT)刺激绒毛提前生长,利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)技术检测绒山羊从绒毛开始萌发到绒毛快速生长期间皮肤组织中PRLR基因mRNA表达量的变化。结果显示:在内蒙古白绒山羊皮肤中总的催乳素受体(T-PRLR)基因mRNA表达量从6至11月逐渐降低,而MT埋植组的短型催乳素受体(S-PRLR)mRNA表达水平在绒毛快速生长的7、8、9月份显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,山羊绒毛生长可能与S-PRLR mRNA表达水平升高有直接的关系。     

Expression of genes for interleukins, neuropeptides, growth hormone receptor, and leptin receptor in adipose tissue from growing broiler chickens

In this study, total RNA was collected from abdominal adipose tissue samples obtained from 10 broiler chickens at 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk of age and prepared for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to examine the influence of age on the expression of the adipose tissue genes for IL-1β, -6, -10, -15, -18; brain-derived neurotropic factor; ciliary neurotropic factor; interferon γ, neuropeptide Y receptor Y1; neuropeptide Y; nucleobindin 2; growth hormone receptor; leptin receptor; and visfatin. Between 3 and 6 wk of age, leptin receptor expression decreased (P = 0.013) with age, whereas expression of IL-15 (P = 0.015) and growth hormone receptor (P = 0.002) increased. Furthermore, IL-18 (P < 0.001) and visfatin (P = 0.007) expression increased between 4 and 6 wk of age. This is a unique exhibition of age-related changes in cytokine gene expression in chicken adipose tissue. Future studies are needed to elucidate the role of adipose tissue cytokines in growth and, possibly, disease resistance.     

Mutations in the US2 and glycoprotein B genes of the equine herpesvirus 1 vaccine strain RacH have no effects on its attenuation]

The equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) modified live vaccine strain RacH is apathogenic for both laboratory animals and the natural host. The apathogenicity of RacH was caused by serial passages of the virus in heterologous cells. When compared to the virulent parental strain RacL11 several changes in the RacH genome occurred. Previous results have shown that the loss of the IR6 gene correlated with the loss of virulence. Additional important mutations were observed within the US2 gene which is directly adjacent to the IR6 gene and within the glycoprotein B (gB) gene. To answer the question whether these mutations contribute to the attenuation of RacH several recombinant EHV-1 were constructed: The mutated genes in RacH were replaced by the wild-type US2 gene or the wild-type gB gene, respectively. In addition, a RacL11 recombinant expressing the mutated (RacH) gB instead of the wild-type gene was generated. All recombinant viruses were tested for virulence using the EHV-1 mouse model. The results were as follows: i) The insertion of the RacL11 US2 gene into the RacH virus did not restore virulence and none of the infected mice showed typical signs of EHV-1-caused disease (symptoms and body weight loss). ii) Exchanging gB genes between RacL11 and RacH did not alter their virulence phenotypes remarkably either. Therefore, it is concluded that attenuation of the EHV-1 vaccine strain RacH is caused solely by the absence of the IR6 gene and protein.     

A型流感病毒聚合酶复制必需的宿主因子及其作用机制

正A型流感病毒是引起人和动物流感的主要病原,对人类的生命健康和社会生活形成巨大威胁。A型流感病毒亚类较多,感染宿主较广,且可以跨种传播进而造成流感大流行,因此A型流感病毒的跨种传播机制一直是本领域的研究热点。流感病毒的RNA聚合酶是该病毒在宿主细胞内转录与复制的物质基础,在病毒的跨物种传播中发挥重要作用。其需借助某些宿主蛋白来完成病毒的转录和复制过程,目前已经发现有多种宿主因子     

Detection of the enterotoxins A, B, and C genes in Staphylococcus aureus from goat and bovine mastitis in Brazilian dairy herds

To determine the distribution of genes that encode enterotoxins A, B and C, 36 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goat mastitis and 64 isolated from bovine mastitis were analyzed by Multiplex PCR. Of the total strains studied, 37 (37%) were detected to have some of the SEs genes. From the bovine mastitis strains, 4 (6.3%) co-amplified the sea and seb genes and 2 (3.1%) were positive for the sec gene. From the goat mastitis strains, 31 (86%) tested positive to the Multiplex, and the sec gene was detected in all of them. The production of SE was detected in all strains harboring the corresponding gene. The results demonstrated that S. aureus isolated from goat mastitis had a higher enterotoxigenic potential than those isolated from bovine mastitis. Additionally, the presence of the sec gene in the majority of goat mastitis strains suggests a possible involvement of SEC in goat mastitis pathogenesis.     

Quantitative real-time PCR for detection of neurotoxin genes of Clostridium botulinum types A,B and C in equine samples

Botulism in horses in the USA is attributed to Clostridium botulinum types A, B or C. In this study, a duplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for detection of the neurotoxin genes of C. botulinum types A and B, and a singleplex qPCR for detection of the neurotoxin gene of C. botulinum type C, were optimized and validated for equine gastrointestinal, faecal and feed samples. The performance of these assays was evaluated and compared to the standard mouse bioassay (MBA) using 148 well-characterized samples, most of which were acquired from a repository of veterinary diagnostic samples from cases of botulism: 106 samples positive for C. botulinum (25 type A, 27 type B, 28 type C, 1 type D and 25 type E) and 42 negative samples. The sensitivities of the qPCR assays were 89%, 86% and 96% for C. botulinum types A, B and C, respectively. The overall sensitivity of the mouse bioassay for types A, B and C was 81%. The specificities of the qPCR assays were 99–100% and the specificity of the mouse bioassay was 95%.