多杀性巴氏杆菌耐药机制研究进展

多杀性巴氏杆菌属于革兰氏阴性杆菌,能感染多种宿主,可引起禽霍乱、猪萎缩性鼻炎、猪肺疫、牛羊及兔的出血性败血症。随着抗生素的广泛使用,该病原菌的耐药性也在逐年增加。近几年的研究中更是经常发现部分病原菌会对β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、氯霉素类、磺胺类抗生素产生较强的耐药性。本文就多杀性巴氏杆菌对6类抗生素的药物敏感性及耐药机制进行了总结,为新药的研究以及新型疗法的建立提供理论依据。     

动物源多杀性巴氏杆菌耐药性及耐药机制研究进展

对近年来动物源多杀性巴氏杆菌对各种抗生素的耐药情况及耐药机制的研究进展做了较详细的阐述,以期为我国动物源多杀性巴氏杆菌的有效防治提供参考。     

禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌保菌方法研究

通过对禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌Ｐ１０５０株和Ｃ４８－１株及６株田间分离细菌的保存观察试验，表明用脱纤羊血和感染小鼠肝脾组织在－２０℃条件下，禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌可存活２年，用鲜血斜面封盖石蜡油保存法，禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌在４℃条件下可存活３个月，菌株保存前生生物学特性及毒力不发生变化，试验提供的方法对禽霍乱流行病学调查和血清分型研究具有实际意义。     

我国禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌血清型研究

本试验用Carter的荚膜群鉴定法和Heddlesten的热稳定抗原鉴定法对我国116株禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌进行了血清学分型研究。研究表明,A∶1型是我国最主要的血清型,占69.8%,其次为A∶1(14)型和A∶3(4)型,分别占6.8%和4.3%。并对我国目前使用和试用的8株禽霍乱弱毒菌苗株进行了定型,其中3株为A∶1型,与主要血清型相同,5株与主要血清型不一致。在A∶1型菌株中,大部分菌株的耐热抗原与1型标准血清反应,形成1条沉淀线,部分菌株(9株)形成2条沉淀线,表明在A∶1型菌株中还存在有抗原差异。     

禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌ompH基因序列分析

根据NCBI登录的序列(PMU50907)合成1对引物,用PCR方法扩增了郎德鹅多杀性巴氏杆菌ompH基因,预计扩增片段大小为1544 bp(ORF 1062 bp),但是分离菌实际测序片段大小为1537 bp(ORF 1056 bp)。结果分离株与参考株外膜蛋白的ORF存在6个碱基的缺失,蛋白质序列有变化。     

兔源多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了对疑似感染巴氏杆菌的病死兔进行病原的分离、鉴定并分析其耐药情况,本试验对送检的病死兔进行剖检,结合传统分离培养及16S rRNA和荚膜抗原A(capA)基因的PCR扩增等鉴定病原菌,PCR方法扩增其23个毒力基因,最后进行药敏试验。结果显示,分离菌在血琼脂培养基的菌落特征为光滑、湿润、半透明、灰白色、圆形、露珠状,染色镜检可观察到革兰阴性、两端染色较深的红色短杆菌。PCR扩增及测序结果显示,该分离菌株的16S rRNA和capA基因与多杀性巴氏杆菌Q菌株(GenBank登录号：CP033597)同源性分别为99.86%和100%。23个毒力基因中仅pfhA、oma87、fur、pmHAS基因检测出目的条带,其余19个毒力基因均未检出。该分离菌株对环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、头孢拉定、氨苄西林、卡那霉素、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、红霉素和多黏菌素B共9种药物敏感,对四环素、复方新诺明和克林霉素等耐药。结果表明本试验从病死兔中分离鉴定出1株荚膜血清A型的多杀性巴氏杆菌,可选用环丙沙星和红霉素等进行治疗。该结果可为临床巴氏杆菌病的治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

18株不同源多杀性巴氏杆菌耐药性分析

通过微量稀释法药敏试验及四环素类耐药基因的扩增对18株不同源多杀性巴氏杆菌进行耐药性分析。并采用PCR及其产物测序检测上述菌株中一类整合酶携带率。结果表明,18株不同源的多杀性巴氏杆菌对氯霉素的耐药率为83.33%,对四环素、强力霉素与庆大霉素的耐药率为50%~61.11%,对氧氟沙星、卡那霉素、恩诺沙星与氟苯尼考的耐药率为27.78%~38.89%。18株菌株均未检测到tet A耐药基因,22.22%的多杀性巴氏杆菌携带tet B耐药基因,5.56%的多杀性巴氏杆菌携带tet O耐药基因,tet K与tet Q两种耐药基因的携带率均为27.28%,而对于tet G的携带率为100%,Ⅰ型整合酶携带率为22.22%。本研究为进一步研究多杀性巴氏杆菌耐药机制及跨物种传播奠定了基础。     

广东鹅源多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定、耐药表型和耐药基因的检测及相关性分析

为了解广东地区鹅源多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)的流行情况、药物敏感性、耐药基因的携带情况以及耐药表型与耐药基因的相关性,本实验对2019年～2022年从广东地区采集的193份疑似感染Pm病鹅的心脏血液和肝脏组织划线接种于不同的培养基分离细菌,对分离菌纯化后采用PCR扩增分离菌的KMT1基因并测序,采用多重PCR扩增分离菌的5个荚膜基因及8个脂多糖基因,分析分离菌的荚膜分型与脂多糖(LPS)分型。结果显示分离到83株鹅源Pm,其中82株为荚膜A型,1株无法通过荚膜定型;LPS分型为L1型。采用K-B纸片扩散法检测分离菌的药物敏感性;通过PCR检测分离菌7类药物的15种耐药基因,包括β-内酰胺类(bla_CTX-M、bla_TEM、bla_OXA)、氨基糖苷类(aadA1、aph(3’)Ila)、喹诺酮类(qnrA、qnrB、qnrS)、酰胺醇类(floR)、四环素类(tetM、tetX)、大环内酯类(ermF、ereD)、磺胺类(sul1、sul3)耐药基因。采用统计学软件SPSS22中的完全随机设计两样本率的卡方检验分析分离菌的耐药...     

青藏高原禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌ompH基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中发表的多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida,P.multocida)外膜蛋白H(ompH)基因的核苷酸序列,设计合成了一对特异性引物ompH3,用PCR方法扩增了1株禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌野生菌株(P1004)的ompH基因.然后将获得的928 bp的目的基因片段连接到pMD18-T载体上,进行多杀性巴氏杆菌ompH基因的克隆及序列分析.结果表明,P1004和标准菌株C47-8的ompH基因编码区核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为62％和91.7％,与已知的9个国内外代表株进行比对分析,核苷酸序列的同源性在55.9％～65.2％之间,氨基酸序列的同源性在91.3％～91.7％之间,说明P1004的ompH基因序列与C47-8以及国内外代表株之间有明显差异,即变异明显,揭示了禽源多杀性巴氏杆菌的ompH基因与其他菌株的分子进化关系,为ompH基因应用于疫苗的可行性奠定了基础.     

鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为鉴定临床疑似鸭多杀性巴氏杆菌感染肉鸭的病原菌,本试验通过细菌分离培养、菌体形态观察、细菌生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因测序分析、细菌种特异性鉴定、荚膜分型鉴定和动物回归试验进行鉴定,并通过药敏试验和耐药基因检测进行耐药性分析。结果显示,从患病鸭肝脏组织分离到的细菌在鲜血琼脂培养基中呈现表面光滑凸起、灰白色菌落,为革兰氏阴性短小杆菌,瑞氏染色呈两极浓染;生化鉴定结果显示,分离菌能发酵葡萄糖、蔗糖和甘露醇,硫化氢、氧化酶和吲哚等试验阳性;16S rRNA基因序列系统进化树分析显示,该分离菌与多杀性巴氏杆菌聚为一支,同源性 > 99%;细菌种特异性鉴定结果与多杀性巴氏杆菌相符;荚膜分型鉴定结果仅扩增到约为1 050 bp的目的基因片段,与荚膜血清A型相符;动物回归试验显示,该分离菌有较强的致病性;药敏试验结果显示,该分离菌对羧苄西林、氨苄西林、复方新诺明和四环素等12种药物耐药;经耐药基因PCR检测显示,该分离菌携带Sul1、Sul3、tet（X）和Intl1 4种耐药基因,与药敏表型相符。本试验成功分离到1株鸭源荚膜血清A型多杀性巴氏杆菌,为鸭多杀性巴氏杆菌病的防治提供参考依据。     

A serotypic survey of Pasteurella multocida isolated from poultry

One hundred forty-eight Pasteurella multocida isolates from four southeastern states and California were serotyped by a gel diffusion precipitin test. The isolates were predominantly from turkeys and chickens. Sixty-eight percent of the isolates had antigenic characteristics of serotypes 3 and 4 (3 X 4). In turkeys, 76% of the isolates were 3 X 4, and serotype 3 was second (17%) in frequency. In chickens, 54% of the isolates were 3 X 4 and 19% were serotype 1.     

The immunogenicity and pathogenicity of Pasteurella multocida isolated from poultry in Indonesia

Of 13 field isolates of Pasteurella from chickens and ducks in Indonesia, 10 were confirmed as P. multocida subspecies multocida, one as P. multocida subspecies gallicida and one as P. multocida subspecies septica. Nine were capsular Type A four were Serotype 1, one was Serotype 4, one was Serotype 11, one was Serotypes 4,12, and the remaining six were untypable. Five isolates were pathogenic for mice and two were pathogenic for chickens. Both a trivalent vaccine which included local field isolates and an imported commercial vaccine, were efficacious in layer chickens against challenge with virulent reference and local field strains. Though not statistically significant, the protection provided by the trivalent vaccine against virulent field isolate challenge was slightly better and could provide an improvement over the currently used imported vaccine although further field trials are required. A bacterin vaccine produced from a Serotype 1 field isolate grown in the allantoic sac of embryonated chicken eggs provided chickens with good cross protection against heterologous serotype challenge.     

禽源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性监测

从临床样品中分离鉴定得到183株金黄色葡萄球菌,采用微量肉汤稀释法监测其对24种抗菌药物的耐药性。结果表明,183株金黄色葡萄球菌对24种抗菌药物均呈现不同程度的耐药性,对常用的青霉素类、磺胺类药物及甲氧苄啶严重耐药,耐药率高达81%以上;其中检测出MRSA42株,检出率为22.95%。94.00%的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株呈现多重耐药,耐药谱型主要分布在3～8耐之间,以7耐菌株所占比例最大(15.30%),共有119种耐药谱型。     

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis from Ontario swine

Susceptibility results for Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis isolated from swine clinical samples were obtained from January 1998 to October 2010 from the Animal Health Laboratory at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, and used to describe variation in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to 4 drugs of importance in the Ontario swine industry: ampicillin, tetracycline, tiamulin, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Four temporal data-analysis options were used: visualization of trends in 12-month rolling averages, logistic-regression modeling, temporal-scan statistics, and a scan with the “What’s strange about recent events?” (WSARE) algorithm. The AMR trends varied among the antimicrobial drugs for a single pathogen and between pathogens for a single antimicrobial, suggesting that pathogen-specific AMR surveillance may be preferable to indicator data. The 4 methods provided complementary and, at times, redundant results. The most appropriate combination of analysis methods for surveillance using these data included temporal-scan statistics with a visualization method (rolling-average or predicted-probability plots following logistic-regression models). The WSARE algorithm provided interesting results for quality control and has the potential to detect new resistance patterns; however, missing data created problems for displaying the results in a way that would be meaningful to all surveillance stakeholders.     

Resistance plasmids of Pasteurella multocida isolated from turkeys

From 1940 through 1978, fifty-eight strains of Pasteurella multocida (serotype 3) were isolated from turkeys throughout the United States and were examined for R-plasmids. Forty-one of the isolates contained plasmid DNA, of which 7 isolates were found to encode resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfonamides, or to streptomycin and sulfonamides. The R-plasmids were 2 to 10 megadaltons, nonconjugal, and contained a moles percent guanine plus cytosine ratio in the range of 57 to 61. The R-plasmids did not belong to any of the 19 incompatibility groups evaluated, including Inc Q. Digestion with restriction endonuclease indicated that 2 of the plasmids from P multocida isolated in 1960 and 1962 were identical, whereas 4 of the 5 plasmids obtained from P multocida isolated after 1966 were identical, with the 5th plasmid closely related to the other 4. The results indicated that R-plasmids were not widely dispersed among P multocida (serotype 3) isolated from turkeys in the United States. The nontransmissible nature of these plasmids was probably the major reason for their lack of dissemination.     

胶东地区不同家禽MSSA和MRSA的流行分布与耐药性分析

通过了解胶东地区肉鸡、蛋鸡和水禽(鸭、鹅)中甲氧西林敏感/耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA/MRSA)的流行情况及耐药现状,为临床合理用药、有效控制耐药菌株的流行传播提供依据。采用细菌常规分离培养、质谱/PCR鉴定、微量肉汤稀释法和spa分型等方法,对2021年8月至10月在青岛地区采集的2730份禽源咽拭子进行MSSA及MRSA分离鉴定、spa分型及药敏试验,利用SPSS26.0软件和BioNumericsv7.6软件进行数据处理分析。2730份禽源咽拭子中共获得金黄色葡萄球菌742株(27.18%),其中MSSA 528株(19.34%),MRSA 214株(7.84%)。三种家禽菌株分离率依次为水禽(38.33%)、蛋鸡(28.45%)、肉鸡(20.33%)。351株代表性金黄色葡萄球菌共获得16种spa型别,MSSA(70.80%)和MRSA(95.30%)均是以t899为主。部分型别仅在蛋鸡(t010、t002、t3155)或肉鸡(t571、t011)或水禽(t1793、t5268、t267)中分离到。MSSA和MRSA对青霉素类、喹诺酮类等多种药物显示出高水平耐药,分别对8种和...