Effect of dietary supplementation with protease on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,digestive enzymes and gene expression of weaned piglets

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protease supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and gene expression in weaned piglets. A total of 300 weaned piglets(21 days of age Duroc x Large White x Landrace; initial BW = 6.27 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 5 groups. The 5 diets were: 1) positive control diet(PC), 2) negative control diet(NC), and 3) protease supplementations, which were 100, 200, and 300 mg per kg NC diet. Results indicated that final BW, ADG, ADFI, crude protein digestibility, enzyme activities of stomach pepsin, pancreatic amylase and trypsin, plasma total protein, and intestinal villus height were higher for the PC diet and the supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet than for the NC diet(P 0.05). Supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(VH:CD) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared with NC diet(P 0.05). Feed to gain ratio, diarrhea index, blood urea nitrogen, and diamine oxidase were lower for the PC diet and supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet than for the NC diet(P 0.05). Piglets fed the PC diet had a higher peptide transporter 1(PepTl) mRNA abundance in duodenum than piglets fed the NC diet(P 0.05), and supplementations of 100, 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet increased the PepTl mRNA abundance in duodenum(P 0.05) comparing with the NC diet. Piglets fed the PC diet had a higher b0,+AT mRNA abundance in jejunum than piglets fed the NC diet(P 0.05), and supplementations of 200 and 300 mg protease per kg NC diet increased the b0,+AT mRNA abundance in jejunum and ileum comparing with the NC diet(P 0.05). In summary, dietary protease supplementation increases growth performance in weaned piglets, which may contribute to the improvement of intestinal development, protein digestibility, nutrient transport efficiency, and health status of piglets when fed low digestible protein sources.     

生长獭兔日粮中添加菊花对其生长性能、肉质性状和经济效益的影响

为了研究中草药菊花在生长獭兔上的应用效果,选取体重相似、身体健康的40日龄獭兔56只,随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+1%菊花、基础日粮+2%菊花和基础日粮+3%菊花。试验结束时分别对其生长性能、肉质性状和经济效益进行了分析。结果表明:生长獭兔中添加菊花各试验组平均日增重,分别比对照组提高15.8%、31.8%、24.4%,差异显著(P<0.05);平均采食量分别比对照组提高16.62%、20.3%、16.21%,差异显著(P<0.05)菊花有改善肉质颜色的作用,对肌肉pH值、嫩度亦有改善的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);饲料中添加菊花能够显著提高经济效益。结论:菊花营养价值丰富兼有药物功效,可作为生长獭兔的良好添加物,结合生长性能、肉质性状和经济效益多方面因素,本研究认为2%添加水平最为适宜。     

Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis spores on growth performance,oxidative status,and digestive enzyme activities in Japanese quail birds

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The present trial investigated the feeding effect of B. subtilis spores on growth performance, blood metabolites, antioxidative status, and digestive enzyme...     

日粮中添加牛至油对生长肉兔生产性能和抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在研究牛至油对生长肉兔生产性能和抗氧化指标的影响。将80只2月龄新西兰肉兔,随机分为4个处理,对照组和三个添加剂组(分别添加50、100、150 mg/kg的牛至油)。将每个处理公母各半的20只肉兔分为5个重复,每个重复4只。试验预试期为7 d,正试期为28 d。结果表明:①各处理组的平均采食量之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。100、150 mg/kg组平均日增重分别比对照组增加了10.9%和12.6%(P<0.05),料肉比分别比对照组下降了9.8%和9.4%(P<0.05)。②随着牛至油剂量的增加,肉兔血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性也随之增加(P<0.05),然而MDA值逐渐减少。③饲粮中添加100、150 mg/kg的牛至油可使肝脏中SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的活性增加,与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05)。肝脏中MDA的含量在各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。④试验结果表明,牛至油100 mg/kg的添加量比较适宜。     

日粮中添加乡土草对獭兔健康、屠宰性能和消化系统的影响

为研究不同比例乡土草日粮对獭兔免疫指标、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)、屠宰性能、消化器官发育指标的影响,从而探讨獭兔日粮中乡土草的适宜替代比例。试验选用健康无病、精神状态良好的110日龄试验兔30只(公母各半),按性别随机分为3组,每组10只。试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮(对照组),试验Ⅱ组饲喂15%乡土草草粉+85%基础日粮,试验Ⅲ组饲喂30%乡土草草粉+70%基础日粮。预试期7d,正试期30d。结果表明,试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅱ组脾脏指数、血清免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)含量均显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05)。试验Ⅲ组活重、胴体重分别显著高于试验Ⅰ组11.5%、13.1%(P0.05)。3个试验组獭兔AKP活性随着日粮乡土草含量的升高而降低(P0.05)。3个试验组均未出现腹泻、死亡现象。试验Ⅲ组十二指肠比重、空肠比重分别显著高于试验Ⅰ组16.2%、39.2%(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组盲肠比重低于试验Ⅰ组26.7%(P0.05);其余消化器官发育指标各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,獭兔自由采食30%乡土草草粉有利于体质健康和提高屠宰性能,乡土草可以用作獭兔的基础日粮原料使用。     

Effect of dietary supplementation of calcium butyrate on growth performance,carcass traits,intestinal health and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in Japanese quails

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of dietary calcium butyrate on growth performance, carcass traits and gut health in Japanese quails. In total, 320 one‐day‐old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to 4 equal treatments, with 8 replicates of 10 Japanese quails, for 4 weeks. The Japanese quails in control treatment were fed control diet whereas in the other treatments the Japanese quails were fed diet supplemented with calcium butyrate at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g/kg diet. Data concerning performance measurements were recorded weekly. In addition, eight Japanese quails (one/replicate) from each treatment were selected randomly for serum collection to measure pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Pooled faecal samples from each replicate of each treatment were also collected at three time points (0, 2 and 4 weeks) for count E. coli and C. perfringens. The results showed that after 7 days of the experimental period, Japanese quails fed calcium butyrate supplemented diet at 0.7 g/kg showed a greater (p < .05) body weight and a favourable (p < .05) feed conversion ratio than the other treatments. Moreover, serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased (p < .05) in Japanese quails fed calcium butyrate supplemented diet at 0.7 g/kg. Calcium butyrate supplementation at 0.7 g/kg was associated with reduction (p < .05) in TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL1‐β, while IL‐10 was increased (p < .05). In addition, after 2 weeks of calcium butyrate supplementation, a reduction (p < .05) in E. coli and C. perfringens counts was observed in excreta of Japanese quails fed 0.5 and 0.7 g calcium butyrate/kg diets. It is concluded that calcium butyrate supplementation improves body weight gain, reduces E. coli and C. perfringens counts and has anti‐inflammatory/anti‐oxidant effect in Japanese quails.     

Effect of dietary contamination with mercury on the performance of rabbits

This work was designed to study effects of HgSO4 on rabbits performance when added in the mash diet for 7 weeks with concentrations of 0, 150, and 300 ppm as Hg (6 animals/group). The Hg application caused mortality associated with diarrhoea, haemorrhage, oedema and liver and stomach necrosis. The contaminated diets caused significantly increased feed intake, drinking water consumption and live body gain. Mercury did not affect organ percentages significantly (P greater than or equal to 0.05). Serum analyses reflected a significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) rise in the glucose content (for the animals fed the 300 ppm Hg-diet) with a slight decrease in Ca level and activity of both transaminases GPT and GOT. The most affected organ by the application of Hg was the liver which reflected a slight increase in its dry matter substance, significant increase (P less than or equal to 0.01) in the ether extract percentage on the 300 ppm Hg-diet and severe reduction (P less than or equal to 0.01) in its vitamin A as well as in the iron content (P less than or equal to 0.05) on the 300 ppm Hg-diet. The highest level of Hg added caused an increase (P less than or equal to 0.01) in bone magnesium.     

Effect of dietary biotin supplementation on sow reproductive performance and soundness and pig growth and mortality

A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary biotin supplementation on the reproductive performance of 90 sows and gilts, and on the pre-weaning growth and mortality of 223 litters. Corn-soybean meal-based diets supplemented with either 0 or 440 micrograms/kg d-biotin were fed to sows throughout their reproductive cycle. Biotin supplementation had no beneficial effect (P greater than .10) on 107-d sow weight, sow weight at weaning, weaning to estrus interval, foot lesion score, hair loss score, structural soundness score, number of pigs born, number and percentage of pigs born alive or number and percentage of pigs alive at 21 d of age. Biotin supplementation had no effect (P greater than .10) on pig growth or mortality to 21 d of age. These data do not support the concept that biotin supplementation of sow diets is needed.     

Effect of dietary supplementation with alpha-galactosidase preparation and stachyose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal bacterial populations of piglets.

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with alpha-galactosidase preparation and stachyose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal bacterial populations of piglets. In Experiment I 72 crossbred piglets were allotted to three treatments, i.e. 1) control (basal) diet, 2) alpha-Gal1 and 3) alpha-Gal5, the basal diet supplemented with 0.01% and 0.05% alpha-galactosidase preparation (alpha-Gal), respectively. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not influenced by alpha-Gal supplementation. In Experiment II 72 crossbred weanling piglets were randomly assigned to four treatments with a complete factorial design, i.e. 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet with 0.01% alpha-Gal supplementation, 3) basal diet with 1% stachyose supplementation and 4) basal diet with 1% stachyose and 0.01% alpha-Gal supplementation. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were influenced by alpha-Gal and stachyose supplementation. The ileal digestibility of stachyose, raffinose, gross energy and crude protein was improved significantly by alpha-Gal supplementation. The microbial populations in the intestine were modified by both alpha-Gal and stachyose supplementation. The data suggested that stachyose supplementation had an adverse effect on the growth performance of piglets and alpha-Gal supplementation could ameliorate it, especially in younger pigs.     

复合植物多糖对兔生长性能、消化代谢及免疫机能的影响

为分析复合植物多糖对兔生长性能、消化代谢及免疫机能的影响,试验选择日龄、体重相近的新西兰仔兔100只随机分成4个组,每组25个重复,每个重复1只,1组饲喂基础日粮为空白对照组,试验2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的复合植物多糖,试验期为30 d。结果显示:(1)试验3、4组的平均日增重较1组相比分别提高33.3%、27.7%(P<0.05),料重比较1组相比分别降低14.4%、10.6%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组平均采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);(2)试验3、4组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维的养分表观消化率较1组比分别提高6.2%、8.0%、24.6%、4.4%、8.1%、24.6%(P<0.05);试验2、3、4组的总能及钙、磷的养分表观消化率均高于1组(P>0.05);(3)试验3、4组血清中的Ig G、IgA、IL-2含量较1组比分别提高10.3%、10.9%、24.1%、9.6%、9.3%、27.5%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组血清中的IgM、IL-6含量均高于1组(P>0.05)。结论表明,1.5%的复合植物多糖添加可以提高兔的生长性能、消化代谢及免疫机能。     

不同饱和度脂肪添加抗氧化剂对瘤胃发酵、抗氧化状态和微生物区系的影响

利用体外产气法研究不同饱和度脂肪和抗氧化剂添加对湖羊瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响。试验采用2×2因子设计,试验因素为脂肪类型(全饱和与50%饱和度)和抗氧化剂(0或500mg/kg)。结果显示,脂肪类型不影响瘤胃发酵参数和抗氧化状态(P>0.05),与饱和脂肪相比,补充不饱和脂肪可显著降低瘤胃液中产琥珀酸丝状杆菌相对于总菌的比例(P<0.05)、提高原虫的比例(P<0.05)。添加抗氧化剂可提高瘤胃体外24h产气量和有机物消化率(P<0.05),并有减少乙酸摩尔比、增加丙酸摩尔比的趋势(P<0.10)。添加抗氧化剂有降低瘤胃丙二醛、提高超氧化物歧化酶活性的趋势(P<0.10)。抗氧化剂对黄色瘤胃球菌和白色瘤胃球菌的影响与脂肪类型有关,不饱和脂肪添加抗氧化剂可显著提高黄色瘤胃球菌和白色瘤胃球菌相对于总菌的比例,而饱和脂肪添加无显著影响。上述结果表明,日粮添加不饱和脂肪不利于纤维分解菌的生长,添加抗氧化剂可改善不饱和脂肪对瘤胃微生物的影响,而对饱和脂肪影响较小;添加抗氧化剂还可改善瘤胃抗氧化状态、提高有机物的消化率。     

日粮添加盐酸吡格列酮和维生素E对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究盐酸吡格列酮(Pioglitazone hydrochloride,PGZ)与维生素E(Vitamin E,VE)联合使用对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响。试验选取70日龄体重相近的母鸡[BW=(1.69±0.01) kg]800只,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组5个重复,每个重复40只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮(含30 mg/kg VE),PGZ组饲喂基础日粮+15 mg/kg PGZ,VE组饲喂基础日粮+170 mg/kg VE,PGZ+VE组饲喂基础日粮+15 mg/kg PGZ+170 mg/kg VE,试验期28 d。试验结束后,每个重复选择体重接近平均体重的3只鸡进行屠宰试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮添加VE显著增加黄羽肉鸡平均日采食量(P0.05);PGZ组、VE组和PGZ+VE组显著降低血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量(P0.05),且与对照组相比,PGZ组和PGZ+VE组显著降低低密度脂蛋白的含量(P0.05)。PGZ组与PGZ+VE组显著提高黄羽肉鸡腹脂率(P0.05);日粮添加PGZ显著降低腿肌蒸煮损失(P0.05),同时,PGZ组和PGZ+VE组黄羽肉鸡腿肌肌内脂肪含量(Intramuscular fat,IMF)显著性提高(P0.05),且PGZ+VE组黄羽肉鸡腿肌肉色红度比对照组增加了18.98%(P=0.086)。综上所述,日粮添加15 mg/kg PGZ和170 mg/kg VE(总含量为200 mg/kg)可提高黄羽肉鸡的生长性能,并改善黄羽肉鸡肉品质,尤其提高腿肌IMF含量。     

Effects of dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation on growth performance,hepatic inflammation,and lipid metabolism in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on growth performance, hepatic inflammation, and lipid metabolism in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)‐affected weaned piglets. Eight piglets with normal birth weight (NBW) and 16 IUGR‐affected piglets were selected and fed either a basal diet (NBW and IUGR groups) or the basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg DHA (IUGR‐DHA group) from 21 to 49 day of age. Blood and liver samples were collected on day 49. DHA supplementation significantly alleviated the compromised growth performance and liver damage in IUGR‐affected piglets. Additionally, DHA supplementation decreased the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the serum levels of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), very‐low‐density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. In the liver, the concentrations of interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, triglycerides, and NEFA were decreased. Fatty acid synthesis was decreased by DHA supplementation, whereas the activities of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase were increased. Dietary DHA supplementation led to upregulation of the expression of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway‐related genes, whereas that of inflammatory factor‐related genes were downregulated. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 80 mg/kg DHA can alleviate IUGR‐induced impairments in piglets.     

甘蔗提取物对夏季高温环境下育肥猪生长性能的影响

旨在探究日粮添加甘蔗提取物(SCE)对夏季高温环境下育肥猪生长性能的影响。试验选择120头初始体重为(70±5.0)kg健康的"杜×长×嘉"育肥猪,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复15头,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和添加SCE的试验日粮(试验组),试验组每周前3 d连续饲喂含1.5%SCE的日粮,后4 d饲喂正常日粮,在夏季高温环境下饲喂4周后结束试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组末重和平均日采食量分别显著增加3.90%和7.88%(P0.05),平均日增重增加13.79%(P=0.06),血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05),十二指肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值显著提高(P0.05)。结论:在夏季高温环境下,日粮中添加SCE能提高育肥猪生长性能,改善小肠黏膜上皮形态,降低机体内脂质过氧化水平。     

饲料中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对中间球海胆成胆生长、性腺发育、消化酶活力和免疫性能的影响

配制6种等氮、等脂的饲料,探讨了饲料中N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)(0%、0.04%、0.08%、0.12%、0.16%和1.0%)对中间球海胆成胆生长、性腺发育、消化酶活力和免疫性能的影响。每种饲料随机投喂3组海胆[初始体重:(62.0±1.4)g],试验周期56 d。试验结果表明:饲料中添加NCG并未显著影响海胆成胆的成活率、生长速率和消化酶活力,但却显著提高了海胆的性腺指数和抗氧化酶活力。随着饲料中NCG添加水平的升高,海胆性腺指数呈先显著升高后下降的趋势,其中NCG添加量为0.12%时海胆性腺指数最高(14.76%),与0.16%处理组(12.75%)和1.0%处理组(13.09%)的性腺指数差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于NCG未添加组和低水平添加组(7.67%~9.46%)(P0.05)。随着饲料中NCG添加水平的升高,海胆体腔液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力先显著升高后趋于平稳,并分别在0.12%和0.16%时具有最大SOD和CAT活力值,显著高于NCG未添加处理组(P0.05)。综上,海胆成胆促熟期间饲料中NCG的适宜添加量为0.12%~0.16%饲料干物质。     

日粮添加不同磷原料对鲶鱼生长性能、血液生化指标及体成分的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同的磷源对鲶鱼生长性能、血液生化指标及体成分的影响。试验选择初始体重为（7.60±0.07）g的800条鲶鱼,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复50条。对照组饲喂以豆粕～鱼粉为主要蛋白源的基础无磷日粮,T1～T3组鲶鱼分别饲喂用20?g/kg磷酸氢钙、磷酸氢二钙和磷酸氢镁替代基础日粮中的纤维素,饲养试验进行70?d。结果：与对照组相比,处理组鲶鱼末重、相对增重、蛋白效率和特定生长率均显著提高（P＜0.05）。T2和T3组鲶鱼饲料效率较对照组分别显著提高了22.93%和25.26%（P＜0.05）,同时较T1组分别显著提高了18.42%和20.67%（P＜0.05）。T3组血液血球容积含量较对照组显著提高了8.95%（P＜0.05）,对照组血液谷草转氨酶活性较T1组显著提高了53.93%（P＜0.05）,同时谷丙转氨酶活性较T2和T3组分别显著提高了35.34%和33.80%（P＜0.05）。T1组血液葡萄糖浓度较对照组和T3组分别显著提高了26.13%和23.33%（P＜0.05）。T1和T3组血液磷浓度较对照组分别显著提高了30.23%和30.54%（P＜0.05）。对照组鲶鱼机体水分含量显著高于处理组（P＜0.05）,T3组鲶鱼机体粗蛋白质含量较对照组和T1组分别显著提高了12.23%和15.36%（P＜0.05）。结论：从猪养殖废水中提取的磷酸氢镁可以有效替代磷酸氢钙作为鲶鱼日粮的磷源,这对环境保护和资源的循环利用具有积极作用。 [关键词]磷源|鲶鱼|生长性能|体成分|血液学     

Effect of dietary zinc proteinate supplementation on growth performance, and skin and meat quality of male and female broiler chicks

1. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary zinc proteinate (ZP) supplementation on growth performance and on skin and meat quality of male and female broiler chicks.

2. A total of 240 1-d-old male and 240 1-d-old female broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 24 floor pens (12 replicate pens/sex; 20 birds/pen) and were given either 0 (Control diet) or 40?mg/kg ZP (ZP 40), resulting in a 2?×?2 factorial arrangement of treatments.

3. The growth performance of male and female broiler chicks was not affected by the ZP supplementation, but the males showed significantly higher growth performance than did females.

4. ZP supplementation increased the total thickness of skin in both sexes, and males had thicker skin than females. It also increased the collagen content of skin, but not that of meat. Males had higher skin collagen contents than did females, but no sex difference was found in the meat collagen contents.

5. ZP supplementation did not affect the shear force values of skin and meat; however, males had higher shear force values of back skin than females. ZP supplementation increased the zinc contents of thigh meat and plasma in both sexes. Males had higher zinc contents in back skin than females.

6. It is concluded that dietary ZP supplementation could increase the skin quality of broiler chicks in both sexes, particularly in female broilers, without any effect on growth performance. Male broilers have better growth performance and skin quality than females.     

精氨酸和谷氨酰胺对肉兔生长性能、代谢及健康的影响

文章旨在探讨添加精氨酸和谷氨酰胺及其相互作用对肉兔生长性能、胴体化学成分、氮和能量体平衡的影响。试验选择1200只肉兔,从25~55d进行2个连续的育肥期试验,研究其生长性能、胴体成分及代谢相关指标。试验基础日粮氮含量为29.8g/kg、中性洗涤纤维为315g/kg,日粮氨基酸含量满足生长兔的营养需要。另外试验设计3个处理组,处理1组在基础日粮中添加5g/kg精氨酸,处理2组在基础日粮中添加5g/kg谷氨酰胺,处理3组在基础日粮中添加5g/kg精氨酸+5g/kg谷氨酰胺。整个试验期间肉兔未发生肠道疾病,饲喂谷氨酰胺日粮的肉兔试验期间死亡率最低(P<0.05),但在整个育肥期间添加精氨酸和谷氨酰胺对死亡率无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮添加精氨酸使总氮和可消化氮的摄入量分别提高了10%和8%(P<0.05),但不影响氮和能量的沉积(P>0.05),可消化氮和可消化能量的沉积率分别降低了8%和7%(P<0.05),导致尿氮排泄量和能量损失显著提高(P<0.05)。因此,在断奶后肉兔日粮添加0.5%的谷氨酰胺可降低肥育期死亡率,添加0.5%精氨酸降低了氮和能量沉积效率,谷氨酰胺和精氨酸对肉兔生长及代谢无显著相互作用。