钙磷镁注射液对奶牛产前产后瘫痪的治疗试验

本文选用钙磷镁注射液治疗奶牛产前产后瘫痪,结果显示,对于产前瘫痪的治疗效果,500mL钙磷镁注射液、100mL钙磷镁注射液、600mL葡萄酸钙注射液治愈率分别为67%、50%和40%;对于生产瘫痪,钙磷镁注射液500mL、1000mL、2000mL和葡萄糖酸钙注射液1500mL治愈率分别为40%、50%、33%和80%。由此可见,治疗产前瘫痪的首选药物是钙磷镁注射液,治疗生产瘫痪的首选药物是葡萄糖酸钙注射液。     

现场诊断奶牛早孕与发情的酶免疫分析法的改进

报道了一种建立并经改进的现场检测乳汁孕酮诊断奶牛早 和发情的酶免疫分析法，有准、早、易、安全等优点。     

Establishment of an ELISA for Measuring Bovine Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein in Serum or Milk and Its Application for Early Pregnancy Detection

It has been shown in several mammalian species that during pregnancy, trophoblast cells express a range of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG). The presence of PAG in the maternal serum of cows may serve as an indicator of pregnancy from day 28 after AI onward. The present study addresses (1) conversion of an existing PAG-RIA to a competitive double antibody ELISA using a polyclonal anti-bPAG-IgG and an anti-rabbit-IgG raised in sheep for coating and (2) application of newly established ELISA to test its suitability for pregnancy detection by measuring PAG in serum or milk. The intraassay coefficients of variation (CV) for the PAG-ELISA were 2–14% for serum and 10–12% for milk; the corresponding interassay CVs were 8–22% and 12–22%, respectively. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein profiles established in milk and serum of 12 pregnant cows showed a characteristic pattern with measurable amounts from approximately day 20 onwards in serum and from day 60 onwards in milk. In a field trial, serum PAG was determined in 397 cows sampled between 20 and 50 days after insemination. The outcome was that, pregnancy could reliably be diagnosed from day 28 onwards in serum and from day 150 onwards in milk. In conclusion, it may be stated that the established ELISA provides an efficient and reliable means of pregnancy diagnosis that will, in our judgement, gain in popularity with cattle breeding. The ELISA proved to be an adequate and efficient way of measuring PAG in maternal serum or milk and will be a useful means of pregnancy detection in cows.     

玫瑰花环抑制实验检测肉牛早孕因子(EPF)活性

[目的]为了根据早孕因子活性的检测作为依据来判断肉牛妊娠状态.[方法]本实验采集不同孕期的肉牛的血样,同时进行了妊娠诊断,通过玫瑰花环抑制实验检测活性.[结果]实验表明,未怀孕牛和怀孕牛花环抑制滴度差异显著(P<0.05),不同孕期的早孕因子活性差异不显著.[结论]玫瑰花环抑制滴度高于8可以确认牛怀孕,低于4为未怀孕.     

Impact of Probing the Reproductive Tract During Early Pregnancy on Fertility of Beef Cows

This short communication reports the impact of endometrial biopsies, uterine flushings and follicular fluid aspiration procedures at day 6 post artificial insemination (AI) on pregnancy rates. In Experiment 1, cows were timed AI (TAI) and assigned to the following treatment groups: control (n = 37), uterine flushing (n = 35) and endometrial biopsy (n = 38). On day 30 post AI, pregnancy rates were 40.5%, 33% and 28.5%, respectively (p > 0.1). Pregnancy rate on day 60 was lower (p < 0.004) in flushed cows than in the controls. In Experiment 2, oestrus was detected and cows were assigned to flushing (n = 32) or biopsy (n = 33) treatments 6 days after AI, which resulted in pregnancy rates of 31% and 36%, respectively (p > 0.1). In Experiment 3, cows were, 6 days after TAI, randomly assigned to the following treatments: control (n = 84) or aspiration of the largest follicle (n = 73). Pregnancy rates on day 30 post AI were 63.5% for the control group and 53% for the aspirated group (p > 0.1). In conclusion, uterine flushing and endometrial biopsy negatively affect pregnancy rates, but neither procedure can be considered to be incompatible with pregnancy maintenance. Follicular aspiration during pregnancy does not interact with pregnancy success. The amount and quality of samples obtained are compatible with the use of cellular and molecular analysis of uterine variables from cows that failed or succeeded on maintaining pregnancy.     

利用博达法测试奶牛隐性乳房炎试验报告

利用美国近年研究并应用于实践的博达R牛奶测试技术对太原某牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎进行监测,试验显示,博达R牛奶测试技术方法简便快捷、测定数据准确,具有较大推广应用价值;牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎头阳性率为55.5%(111/200),乳区阳性率为26.34%(196/744);3胎及以上奶牛阳性率达到70.18%(40/57)并显著高于1-2胎35.42%(17/48)(P<0.01);奶牛个体混合乳样体细胞与个体乳区乳样体细胞平均数呈直线相关,差异极显著(r=0.7418,t>t0.01,P<0.01)。     

虎红平板凝集试验与试管凝集试验检测奶牛布鲁菌病的比较

布鲁菌病主要采用凝集试验来检测,本试验用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验对江苏海安、江都、无锡和兴化地区的660头奶牛的血清样品进行平行检测,虎红平板凝集试验的阳性检出率为9.7%,试验管凝集试验的阳性检出率为5.5%;与后者相比,虎红平板凝集试验的敏感性为100%,特异性为95.3%,符合率为95.6%。这些数据表明,江苏地区某些奶牛场存在布鲁菌感染,虎红平板凝集试验可以用于布鲁菌病初步检测。     

牛乳布氏杆菌抗体ELISA检测试剂盒与血清凝集试验检测方法的比较

布氏杆菌病（Brucellosis）是由布氏杆菌引起的一种重要的人畜共患传染病。该病广泛分布于世界各地,目前在我国人、畜间仍有发生,给畜牧业生产和人类健康带来了严重的危害。现在我国对奶牛布氏杆菌病的检疫常用虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）、试管凝集试验（SAT）和补体结合试验（CFT）等血清学方法,但这些血清学方法有的特异性和灵敏性不高,有的操作繁琐。     

Effects of a Commercial Direct-Fed Microbial on Weight Change,Milk Yield,and Milk Composition in Lactating Beef Cows: A Case Study

Feeding a commercial direct-fed microbial product (DFM) to lactating Angus cows (n = 22) was investigated from d 53 to 123 of lactation. Cows were fed ad libitum hay (alfalfa, wheat, or rye, depending upon period) with supplemental grain, whereas the DFM was fed at a rate of 28.4 g/d per cow to 12 cows, and 10 cows received no DFM (Control). Beginning at an average of d 67 of lactation, cows were machine milked every 14 d to measure milk yield, percent protein, percent fat, and somatic cell count (SCC). Calves were separated from cows 18 h before milk collection, and all calves and cows were weighed on each collection day before milking. Data were analyzed as a repeated measures design where treatment, cow nested within treatment, time, and time x treatment interaction were the independent variables. Milk yield, protein percent, and SCC did not differ between cows receiving DFM and Control cows, but milk from cows receiving DFM had higher (P<0.05) percentage of fat (3.84 vs 3.33%). Cows receiving DFM lost less weight (P<0.05) than Control cows (−0.06 kg/d vs −0.31 kg/d) over the entire trial, but this was quite variable by period. Time and treatment interacted; those receiving DFM gained weight in three of five periods, whereas Control cows gained weight in two periods. There were no differences in calf weight gain between treatments, nor were there differences in cow weight or calf weight at weaning between DFM and Control groups.     

高产奶牛孕检后同期发情程序选择的研究

为了研究适用于高产奶牛的同期发情程序方案,将218头膘情良好、子宫和卵巢发育正常的不同胎次荷斯坦牛随机分成两组,试验1组为106头,试验2组为112头,分别采用两种同期程序(0.5.6.8和0.7.8.9)进行处理,测定情期受胎率,用于评价两种同期程序对高产奶牛的适用性.结果表明,试验2组情期受胎率平均为41.96％,...     

Transfer of Beef Embryos in Dairy Cows: Influence of Recipient and Embryo Quality on Pregnancy Rate and Calving Performance

Contents
On three experimental farms 205 deep frozen Blonde d'Aquitaine embryos were transferred into Holstein dairy cows 7 days after a spontaneous heat. The aim of the study was firstly to examine the influence of recipient and embryo quality on pregnancy rate and secondly to study the calving performance of dairy cows carrying beef embryos. Recipients were divided into three groups based on the quality of the corpus luteum (unsuitable, moderately suitable and suitable) established by rectal palpation. Embryos classified as fair, good and excellent, were randomly distributed over the recipients, including those classified as being unsuitable. The overall pregnancy rate was 36% (standard deviation (SD) = 3.3), dystocia occurred in 48% of births (SD = 5.9), gestation was 297 days (SD = 1.2) and birth weight was 52 kg (SD = 2.0). No statistical differences were found in pregnancy rates and calving performance between the groups of recipients or between the classes of embryos. It is concluded that there is no justification to reject recipients on the basis of the quality of the corpus luteum. Furthermore there is no reason to reject fair embryos for transfer. Beef embryos in dairy cows resulted in much dystocia because of high birth weight, and in long gestation periods.     

荷斯坦奶牛产奶量与乳成分的相关性研究

为探讨湖北地区荷斯坦奶牛产奶量、乳成分的相关性,本研究选择2016年湖北省3个牧场的DHI数据,运用SPSS17.0中的双变量相关分析和偏相关分析,分析产奶量与乳成分的相互关系。结果表明:3个牧场产奶量与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数、乳尿素氮呈负相关(P0.01);乳脂率与乳蛋白率、体细胞数、乳尿素氮均呈正相关(P0.01);乳蛋白率与体细胞数呈正相关(P0.01),与乳尿素氮呈负相关(P0.01);体细胞数与乳尿素氮均呈负相关(P0.01);产奶量与体细胞数简单相关系数-0.003(P0.05),偏相关系数-0.054(P0.01);体细胞数与乳尿素氮含量简单相关系数0.003(P0.05),偏相关系数-0.134(P0.01)。在产奶量与乳成分间关系研究中简单相关分析与偏相关分析结果不一致,在多个变量相关性研究中,偏相关分析更能真实反映2个变量间本质联系。     

Evaluation of a Cow-Side Test for Detection of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Milk from Cows with Mastitis

Waage, S., P. Jonsson and A. Franklin: Evaluation of a cow-side test for detection of Gram-negative bacteria in milk from cows with mastitis. Acta vet. scand. 1994, 207-211.– A modified Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) cow-side test was evaluated under field conditions. The principle of the test is to visualize reactions between test components and endotoxin from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. The practical purpose is to detect such bacteria in mastitic milk. Secretions from 789 udder quarters with clinical mastitis were examined by the LAL-test. Parallel quarter milk samples were sent to a mastitis laboratory for microbiological examination. Eleven veterinary surgeons in three veterinary districts in Norway performed the field investigations. Results of the LAL-test and culture agreed in 93% of all milk samples tested, agreement measured by kappa being 0.63. The sensitivity of the test in detecting Gram-negative bacteria was 63%, while the specificity was 97%. The predictive value of a positive test result was 70%, the figure being somewhat higher (75%) when the material was limited to milk samples without antibiotic residues. The predictive value of a negative test result was 95%. The LAL-test is considered to constitute a valuable cow-side test for the veterinary practitioner, aiding the selection of antibacterial drug of choice for the initial treatment of clinical mastitis.     

Calm Temperament Improves Reproductive Performance of Beef Cows

Profitability of a beef operation is determined by the proportion of cows attaining pregnancy early in the breeding season and those that are pregnant at the end of breeding season. Many factors, including temperament, contribute to those reproductive parameters. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of temperament on reproductive performance of beef cows. In Experiment 1, Angus and Angus‐cross beef cows (n = 1546) from eight locations were assigned a body condition score (BCS; 1 = emaciated; 9 = obese) and chute exit and gait score (1 = slow exit, walk; calm temperament; 2 = jump, trot or run; excitable temperament). Cows were grouped with bulls (1 : 25 to 1 : 30; with satisfactory breeding potential and free of venereal disease) for an 85‐day breeding season. Pregnancy status and stage of gestation were determined (transrectal palpation) 35 days after the end of the breeding season. Controlling for BCS (p < 0.01) and handling facility (p < 0.0001) and handling facility by temperament score interaction (p < 0.001), breeding season pregnancy rate was lower in excited versus calm cows [88.6% (798/901) vs 94.1% (607/645); p < 0.001]. Cows with an excitable temperament took 24 more days to become pregnant compared to calm cows (median days to pregnancy, 35 vs 59 days; p < 0.0001). In Experiment 2, Angus and Angus‐cross beef cows (n = 1407) from 8 locations were assigned scores for body condition and chute exit and gait (as described in Experiment 1) and assigned to bulls (breeding sound and free of venereal disease; 1 : 25 to 1 : 30) for 85 days. Pregnancy status was determined by transrectal palpation at 2 and 6 months after the onset of the breeding season. Controlling for BCS (p < 0.05), pregnancy loss was higher in excited versus calm cows [5.5% (36/651) vs 3.2% (20/623), p < 0.0001]. In conclusion, beef cows with an excitable temperament had significantly lower reproductive performance than calmer cows. The modified two‐point chute exit–gait scoring method was repeatable and identified cattle with an excitable temperament.