Petroleum lumps on the surface of the sea

Lumps of crude oil residue floating the sea surface have been observed widely. Samples were taken with surface-skimming nets in the Mediter-ranean Sea and eastern North Atlantic Ocean; their displacement volumes were as large as 0.5 milliliter per square meter. An isopod, Idotea metallica, appears to be associated with the lumps, and a barnacle, Lepas pectinata, grows upon them. Lumps were found in stomachs of Scomberesox saurus, a surface-feeding fish importanit in ocean food webs. Films on the lumps, presumably consisting mostly of bacteria, consumed oxygen at the rate of 4 cubic millimeters per hour per square centimeter of lump surface. Chemical analysis suggested that certain lumps had been at large for only a few weeks; data from barnacle size and growth rate suggested that other lumps were at least 2 months old.     

基于船舶碰撞的油污损害赔偿法律机制研究

船舶碰撞造成的海上油污损害是实践中经常发生的问题。解决问题的实质在于船舶碰撞和油污损害的性质界定,原则是漏油船舶的所有人和经营人先予赔偿,而建立我国的船舶油污损害赔偿基金制度是解决这一问题的最终之路。     

Export of north american ozone pollution to the north atlantic ocean

Measurement of the levels of ozone and carbon monoxide (a tracer of anthropogenic pollution) at three surface sites on the Atlantic coast of Canada allow the estimation of the amount of ozone photochemically produced from anthropogenic precursors over North America and transported to the lower troposphere over the temperate North Atlantic Ocean. This amount is greater than that injected from the stratosphere, the primary natural source of ozone. This conclusion supports the contention that ozone derived from anthropogenic pollution has a hemisphere-wide effect at northern temperate latitudes.     

松轻油脱色脱臭的研究

松轻油是利用松根经高温干馏裂解后收集到的260℃以前的馏份,因其为深褐色,具有焦臭味,大大限制了其应用范围,为扩大用途,必须对其精制.通过多次实验,得出以8%的氢氧化钠溶液先预处理,再加入试剂经水蒸汽蒸馏,达到脱色、脱臭的目的.     

煤焦油瓷漆防腐管道机械化生产与涂敷质量

煤焦油瓷漆作为良好的管道防腐材料已得到了广泛的使用。在施工作业中，采用人工浇涂的方法，不仅作业时间长，污染环境，而且涂敷质量难以保证，还造成了大量人力，物力，财力的浪费；采用机械化自动涂敷则具有明显的优势。     

煤焦油瓷漆及其在现代环境下的应用

介绍了煤焦油瓷漆的化学结构及特性，对环境的航其烟气净化措施，阐述了煤焦油瓷漆在使用中不会污染环境的事实，试验数据证明，煤焦油瓷漆是一种可满足现代环保要求并广泛应用于油气水管道的防腐材料。     

油品储运过程中油气挥发问题的研究

介绍了油品在储运过程中对环境造成污染的三种情况,即溢油事故泄漏的油品污染、含油污水污染以及排入到大气中的烃类气体污染.分析了油品储存、灌装过程的挥发损耗,指出应制订可行的油气排放法规,根据油品储运的各个环节的特点,采取相应的措施,有效地降低油气的挥发量,以减少对环境的污染.     

Influence of the Atlantic subpolar gyre on the thermohaline circulation

During the past decade, record-high salinities have been observed in the Atlantic Inflow to the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean, which feeds the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC). This may counteract the observed long-term increase in freshwater supply to the area and tend to stabilize the North Atlantic THC. Here we show that the salinity of the Atlantic Inflow is tightly linked to the dynamics of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre circulation. Therefore, when assessing the future of the North Atlantic THC, it is essential that the dynamics of the subpolar gyre and its influence on the salinity are taken into account.     

Change in enzymatic activity of common chernozem polluted with crude oil and its products in model experiments

It has been established that the change in enzymatic activity following pollution of common chernozem by crude oil and its products depends on the nature of the substance, its concentration in soil, and time of exposure. In most cases the activity of soil enzymes decreased. Oxidoreductases were more sensitive to oil pollution than hydrolases. It is advisable to use indices of oxidoreductase activity for monitoring, diagnosing, and normalizing soil pollution by oil and its products.     

煤焦油瓷漆加热搅拌釜的热力计算

煤焦油瓷漆加热搅拌釜是一种煤焦油瓷漆生产及现场涂层作业的加热装置，以往的煤焦油瓷漆加热方式以直接加热为主，其缺点是热效率低、污染严重，不能很好地适应生产要求。以热煤为载体的间接加热釜，也存在缺点，如搅拌效率低、物料混合不充分、耗能大、热媒与煤焦油瓷漆的总换热系数低、加热时间长等。为此，从煤焦油瓷漆和热媒的物理化学性质出发，利用热力学知识，计算了釜内热交换过程中的雷诺数Ｒｅ、普朗特数Ｐｒ和努谢尔特数     

多环芳烃厌氧降解菌的筛选与鉴定

[目的]筛选并鉴定多环芳烃厌氧降解茵。[方法]通过富集,在厌氧条件下从受焦油长期污染的土壤中筛选出多环芳烃的高效厌氧降解茵,并对其进行了生理生化试验和16SrDNA鉴定。[结果]从受焦油长期污染的土壤中分离出2株多环芳烃降解茵W2和Y3,经综合表征和16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定菌株W2为鞘氨醇单胞茵属（Sphingomonas sp．）,菌株Y3为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillussp．）。[结论]为多环芳烃的生物降解研究提供了理论依据。     

石油储罐涂装配套系统设计与施工

根据秦皇岛永晖晖石油储罐外表面腐蚀原因的分析结果，设计了相应的储罐涂层配套系统。该系统采用快干环氧富锌漆为底漆，厚涂型环氧涂料为中间漆，双组分聚氨酯涂料为面漆。利用该涂装系统对5座储罐进行了涂装，并对使用两年后的涂膜质量进行了检测，检测结果表明，储罐涂膜表面光滑，膜厚无损失，面漆的性能优异，该涂装系统适宜沿海地区储罐外壁的涂装。     

浙江省千岛湖水环境目标和污染防治措施的AHP法研究

在对千岛湖水质现状分析的基础上，应用层次分析法（AHP）对水环境目标、水体质量、污染来源和污染治理措施4个层次进行了定量研究，结果表明千岛湖主要水质指标符合Ⅱ类《国家地表水水环境质量标准》；有机物污染、农田地表径流面源污染、沿岸城镇水污染、水土流失和旅游业等是千岛湖最主要污染来源；应采取的治理措施主要包括：提高水资源利用率、加强污水集中处理能力、搞好水资源规划管理、建设生态示范区、保护上游水源和沿岸植被、减少农药化肥使用量增施有机肥等。     

Paleocirculation of the deep north atlantic: 150,000-year record of benthic foraminifera and oxygen-18

Benthic foraminiferal faunas in a piston core from 3331 meters at 44 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge show striking variations in the relative abundance of species. Uvigerina peregrina, which is broadly distributed today in the South Atlantic and in the Pacific in water that has been long isolated from the surface, is absent in the North and Equatorial Atlantic at depths occupied by highly oxygenated North Atlantic deep water. This species dominated the fauna at this site for much of the past 150,000 years. It is suggested that North Atlantic deepwater production was much reduced or eliminated at times of Uvigerina peregrina abundance, as a result of cooling and stratification of the Norwegian Sea surface, coincident with the times of the southward migration of the polar front in the North Atlantic.     

环氧煤沥青涂料的发展及在管道防腐中的应用

环氧煤沥青是以环氧树脂和煤沥青为基料，添加填料和溶剂制成的厚浆型防腐涂料，综述了环氧煤沥青在国内外的发展状况，介绍了环氧煤沥青用于地面、水下各种金属构筑物及短距离小口径管道防腐的现状及前景，提出了因其固化时间长，不宜在长距离大口径管道上使用，应在油气田集输管道、市政工程管道、旧管线防腐层大修、保温管线及储罐防腐等领域扩大使用的观点。     

关于油品蒸发问题

油品蒸发给从石油开采到成品油使用整个过程带来稳患，环境中油蒸气达到一定浓度易引发火灾、环境污染。油品蒸发还会造成大量油田浪费，并且因油品中轻组分的蒸发，使油品质量下降。     

红松疱锈病防治指标的研究

在红松人工林疱锈病(Cronartium ribicola)综合防治技术研究基础上,又对不同发病林分累积3年病情损失、各项防治措施的效益和成本进行了分析,确定林分发病率5％为该林分红松疱锈病的经济阀值。因此防治指标是:林分发病率在5％以下时可以不防;林分发病率在5％—9.5％时,采用修枝结合药防措施(修除1.5—1.8 m以下侧枝,松焦油+柴油涂干防治);林分发病率在9.5％以上时,应用间伐+修枝+药防措施(间伐强度20％—30％,然后修技和药剂防治。这样应用该指标管理病害,以3年为一个防治周期,可获显著的防治效果和经济效益。     

土壤的石油污染

综述了土壤石油污染的研究方法 ,石油类物质进入土壤的途径、存在形态及其在土壤环境中的归宿。同时指出 ,在进行土壤污染研究中 ,首先必须正确选择研究对象 ;然后要对污染方式做深入的调查 ,以确定其在土壤中的分布方式 ;最后 ,根据石油类物质在环境中的迁移转化途径 ,结合不同污染现场的实际情况 ,制定科学合理的污染防治规划。     

竹焦油对植物病原细菌的抑制作用

研究了竹焦油对8种植物病原细菌的抑制作用,初步分析了竹焦油的主要抑菌成分.结果表明,竹焦油对供试菌均有不同程度的抑制效果,其中对番茄细菌性斑点病菌的抑制效果较好,EC50和EC90分别仅为29和68μg.mL-1;抑菌成分集中在水溶性油、酚类和芳香酸部分,采用热水萃取法可简便地分离竹焦油中的强抑菌活性组分.     

Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment

We examined the number of tropical cyclones and cyclone days as well as tropical cyclone intensity over the past 35 years, in an environment of increasing sea surface temperature. A large increase was seen in the number and proportion of hurricanes reaching categories 4 and 5. The largest increase occurred in the North Pacific, Indian, and Southwest Pacific Oceans, and the smallest percentage increase occurred in the North Atlantic Ocean. These increases have taken place while the number of cyclones and cyclone days has decreased in all basins except the North Atlantic during the past decade.