蜂王浆中不同活性组分对大鼠降血脂效果影响

将新鲜王浆经过180目滤网过滤,滤液再逐步经过0.5 μm、0.1 μm和0.05 μm的无机陶瓷膜过滤,分别得到5种蜂王浆活性组分.试验用健康雄性Wister大鼠,给予高脂颗粒饲料喂饲后第9 d,大鼠眶静脉取血,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)值.高脂血症动物模型成功后,随机分为模型对照组和蜂王浆及各活性组分实验组,同时设置正常对照组,每组10只大鼠.分组后连续6周灌胃蜂王浆及各活性组分,同时继续给予高脂颗粒饲料喂饲,之后各组大鼠取血测定TC、TG和HDL-C.结果表明:42 d后,新鲜王浆(A组)、经180目滤网过滤的滤渣(B组)、经0.5 μm陶瓷膜过滤的滤渣(C组)和再经0.1 μm陶瓷膜陶过滤的滤渣(D组)能显著降低大鼠血清TC含量;A、D组和经多次过滤后的滤液(F组)都有显著降低大鼠血清TG含量的作用;在提高HDL-C含量方面,A组、经0.05 μm的无机陶瓷膜过滤的滤渣(E组)和F组都起作用,其它各组无效果.     

蜂王浆不同组分对荷S180肿瘤小鼠免疫效果的影响

将新鲜蜂王浆经过180目滤网过滤,滤液再逐步经过0.50 μm、0.10μm和0.05 μm的无机陶瓷膜过滤,分别得到了5种蜂王浆活性组分,测定新鲜蜂王浆及各活性组分的癸烯酸含量.将88只荷瘤小鼠随机分为环磷酰胺组(40mg/kg)、模型对照组、蜂王浆及各组分实验组,连续灌胃4周.观察小鼠一般状况,测定抑瘤率和脏体系数,以探讨蜂王浆各组分对荷S180肿瘤小鼠的免疫效果.结果表明,除新鲜王浆先后经过180目滤网,0.50μm和0.10μm无机陶瓷膜过滤的组分外,其他各蜂王浆组分与对照组比较对降低瘤体重量差异不显著,其中E组抑瘤率最高达45.52%.说明蜂王浆不同活性组分对荷S180肿瘤小鼠抗癌作用有差异.     

Charge-mosaic membranes: enhanced permeability and negative osmosis with a symmetrical salt

Charge-mosaic membranes are prepared by embedding a single layer of alternating cation and anion exchange beads in silicone resin. Membranes made in an identical manner but containing only one type of exchanger serve as controls. The mosaic membranes are 50 to 100 times more permeable to potassium chloride than the controls; and furthermore they give rise to net volume flow from concentrated to dilute solutions of potassium chloride in the absence of a pressure gradient ("negative osmosis"), whereas the controls exhibit normal osmotic behavior. The negative reflection coefficients of the mosaics suggest potential applications in desalination.     

Antioxidation effect of Carya cathayensis sarg oil

[Objective] The antioxidation effect of Carya cathayensis sarg (CCS) Oil was qualitatively and quantitatively detected.[Method] 50 male mice were divided into 5 groups equally and randomly and among them,the three groups were either negative, or model control, or positive control (ginseng saponins), respectively.Two remaining groups were orally fed with low and high dosages of CCS oil ((9 ml/(kg·d) and (33 ml/(kg·d)), respectively.All groups were injected D galactose through hypodermic except the negative control ones which were only treated with equals amount of distilled water.The superoxide dismutase (SOD), maleic dialdehyde(MDA) and monoamine oxidase(MAO) were analyzed with blood sample and brain tissue 42 days post treatment.[Result] It was showed that the activity of SOD enzyme was increased in the CCS oil groups, while MDA and MAO content were decreased in the CCS oil groups compared with that of other groups with significance observed in the group fed with high dose of CCS oil.[Conclusion] The result indicated that the CCS oil has the ability of antioxidation and is useful to human health.     

蝉花宝牌蝉花片免疫功能评价

将蝉花宝牌蝉花片(商品名)设低、中、高3个剂量组,分别相当人体推荐量的5、10、30倍,同时设阴性对照组(1%羧甲基纤维素钠),连续1个月经口给予小鼠不同剂量的样品,进行迟发型超敏反应(DTH)、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞、抗体生成细胞检测、自然杀伤(NK)细胞杀伤活性和脾淋巴细胞转化等实验,以评估其免疫功能。结果表明,与阴性对照组比较,受试3个剂量组足跖肿胀度极显著增加(P0.01);中、高剂量组溶血空斑数和血清溶血素抗体积数值均极显著增加(P0.01),腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率、吞噬指数显著增加(P0.05,P0.01);高剂量组NK细胞活性显著升高(P0.05)。蝉花宝牌蝉花片(商品名)具有显著的免疫调节功能。     

生物炭老化及其对重金属吸附的影响机制

生物炭具有丰富含氧官能团、多孔结构、阳离子交换量、芳香性结构等使其对重金属具有良好的固持作用,进而在重金属污染土壤修复中具有良好的应用前景。生物炭施入土壤中在与土壤接触过程中受物理、化学和生物作用而发生老化现象,致使生物炭特性发生改变。本文综述了原料来源、热解温度和老化方法对老化生物炭特性的影响,以及老化生物炭对重金属吸附的影响机制。老化作用对生物炭特性的改变主要体现在灰分、表面元素组成、含氧官能团、pH、形貌特征、孔隙结构及比表面积。老化生物炭表面含氧官能团、负电荷和CEC含量增加会促进其对重金属的吸附;而比表面积和pH的降低、酚羟基和芳香醚含量增加以及羧基数量减少则抑制其对重金属的吸附。     

Membrane phosphatidylserine regulates surface charge and protein localization

Electrostatic interactions with negatively charged membranes contribute to the subcellular targeting of proteins with polybasic clusters or cationic domains. Although the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine is comparatively abundant, its contribution to the surface charge of individual cellular membranes is unknown, partly because of the lack of reagents to analyze its distribution in intact cells. We developed a biosensor to study the subcellular distribution of phosphatidylserine and found that it binds the cytosolic leaflets of the plasma membrane, as well as endosomes and lysosomes. The negative charge associated with the presence of phosphatidylserine directed proteins with moderately positive charge to the endocytic pathway. More strongly cationic proteins, normally associated with the plasma membrane, relocalized to endocytic compartments when the plasma membrane surface charge decreased on calcium influx.     

高脂肪饮食诱导糖尿病小鼠模型

[目的]探讨以高脂肪纯化饲料诱导的遗传背景和环境因素共同起作用的C57BL/6J小鼠用于糖尿病药物早期筛选的最短诱导周期.[方法]雄性4周龄C57BL/6J小鼠20只适应性喂养7d后随机分为2组,同时饲喂高脂肪饲料.葡萄糖耐受性试验（OGTT）中1组C57BL/6J小鼠口服生理盐水（对照组）,另1组口服磷酸西他列汀（阳性药组）.喂养期间对禁食后血糖（FBG）和体重（BW）进行连续监测,同时进行OGTT试验并监测血浆胰岛素（PINS）水平.[结果]高脂喂养1周后小鼠体重升高迅速,并表现为中心型肥胖.第4周FBG和PINS较前3周显著性升高,2周OGTT给糖15 min阳性药组血浆胰岛素水平较对照组有显著性升高.[结论]仅饲喂高脂饲料4周的C57BL/6J可用于糖尿病药物药效试验的筛选.该模型方法简单易行,周期短,稳定性好,与人类自然发病过程相似,是较为理想的降血糖药物筛选模型.     

Activation of apical chloride channels in the gastric oxyntic cell

Oxyntic cells that retain distinct morphological polarity between apical and basolateral membranes were isolated from the gastric mucosa of the amphibian Necturus. Patch-clamp techniques were applied to these cells to identify apical membrane ion channels associated with hydrochloric acid secretion. A single class of voltage-dependent, inwardly rectifying chloride channels was observed in the apical membranes of both resting and stimulated (acid-secreting) oxyntic cells. Stimulation of the cells with dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and isobutylmethylxanthine increased channel open probability and simultaneously increased apical membrane surface area. This chloride channel is probably responsible for electrogenic chloride secretion by the gastric mucosa and may also participate in the fluid- and enzyme-secretory functions of the oxyntic cell, analogous to the chloride channels found in the apical membranes of other exocrine cells.     

酶制剂对肉鸡胴体组成和钙磷代谢的影响

试验选用270羽公母混合雏鸡,随机分成3组,研究了酶制剂对肉鸡胴体组成和钙磷代谢的影响.结果表明,酶制剂显著提高了肉鸡胸肌率,降低了血清磷水平和碱性磷酸酶活性,同时研究发现血清碱性磷酸酶活性与肉鸡生长呈极强的负相关.     

弓形虫ES抗原激活免疫细胞的作用

12只经弓形虫 IHA检测为阴性的山羊 ,ESA和 TLA分别免疫 2次 ,用强毒虫株攻虫 ,进行体温测定 ,在整个试验期内检测了外周血免疫细胞的变化。结果发现 ,外周血白细胞总数攻虫后下降 ;淋巴细胞攻虫后百分率上升 ,ESA组显著地高于 TLA组 ;用 ESA和 TLA免疫可诱导嗜酸性粒细胞出现及迟发性超敏反应的发生 ;ESA免疫可使 T细胞数增加 ,使 T细胞的活性增强 ;攻虫的结果表明 ,ESA免疫获得了对接种感染的免疫。     

Structure of biological membranes

The combined x-ray diffraction and electron microscopic examination of myelin has provided reasonable, but not conclusive, support for its structure as a basically bimolecular leaflet of phospholipid that is partially interspersed with protein. But there is very little basis for extending this concept to biological membranes in general. There is no adequate experimental support for the specific orientation of phospholipids as proposed in the unit membrane theory or for the proposed polar nature of protein-lipid bonds, even in myelin. Membranes differ widely in chemical composition, metabolism, function, enzymatic composition, and even in their electron microscopic image. The only similarity is their general resemblance in electron micrographs, but, until more is known about the chemistry of electron microscopy, this evidence cannot be interpreted with confidence. One positive conclusion to which I have come is that much more chemical evidence must, and can, be obtained. Techniques for the isolation of membranes are improving and protein and lipid chemistry are now highly refined arts. Quantitative analysis of many different membranes is possible and the data can be related in some instances, notably bacterial plasma membranes, to calculations of surface area. Chemical and physical changes induced in membranes of widely different lipid composition by the preparatory procedures of electron microscopy can be determined directly and correlated with the electron microscopic image. Model systems can be assembled whose compositions closely resemble those of biological membranes. Membranes can be disassociated into subunits whose properties can be studied. In particular, x-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy by negative staining of reaggregates of lipoproteins isolated from membranes would be very informative. Perhaps most important, the problem of membrane structure must be considered in relation to the problems of membrane function and membrane biosynthesis.     

土地征收对不同年龄段失地农民的福利影响研究——以呼和浩特市为例

以呼和浩特市的4区5旗(县)作为研究区域,运用阿玛蒂亚·森的可行性理论作为研究的框架。采用模糊数学的方法测度了各年龄段失地农民的福利变化情况,利用Martinetti于2000年提出的公式对福利的加总方法进行了补充。结果表明:(1)45岁以下、45~65岁、65岁以上三类失地农民的福利都有不同程度的下降,分别下降了25.063%、30.844%、10.878%。45~65岁的失地农民福利变化最为明显,相较于其他2个年龄段的人群,福利变化更为消极。(2)在各项变量指标中,征地补偿合理性即征地方式和补偿标准的结果最不理想。其余指标中,经济情况、发展机遇、居住环境、健康等呈现下降的趋势,而社会保障、住房条件大体呈现上升的态势。根据不同年龄段的失地农民情况,采取差异化的政策,是提高其福利的途径。     

不同耕种稻田稻株上部节肢动物群落种间协变

研究了有机耕种和常规耕种稻田稻株上部节肢动物群落的12个主要类群的种间协变,结果表明:耕种方式的可影响稻田节肢动物类群种间协变,常规耕种稻田,由于化学药剂的使用,多个种群间的同增同减现象明显,种群间协变性增强,负相关的种对数量明显少于有机耕种稻田。     

Effects of Aluminum on ATPase Activity and Lipid Composition of Plasma Membranes from Wheat Roots

The effects of aluminum on ATPase activity and lipid composition of the plasma membranes isolated from root tips of Al-tolerant (Altas 66) or Al-sensitive (Scout 66) cultivar of Triticum aestivum L.was assayed. The results showed that both cultivars had similar changes in H+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -ATPase activities after aluminum treatment. Exposure of both cultivars to 20 and 100 (mol/L aluminum for 5 d significantly decreased the activities of Ca2+ -ATPase of plasma membranes. The activities of H+-ATPasc in plasma membrane increased under 20 μmol/L aluminum and decreased at 100 μmol/L aluminum. With aluminum treatment, the PL content of plasma membrane decreased, but GL content increased. The ratio of PL to GL decreased more distinctly in Scout 66 than that in Altas 66. Treated with 20 and 100 μmol/L aluminum, linolenic acid content and the index of unsaturated fatty acids decreaced greatly in Scout 66, but the index of unsaturated fatty acids in Altas 66 increased slightly.     

贝伐珠单抗类似药SMMU-13对食蟹猴的毒性

为了探讨贝伐珠单抗类似药SMMU-13重复静脉注射对食蟹猴的安全性,采用毒理学评价方法,将30只食蟹猴按体重随机分为溶媒对照组、阳性对照组,低、中、高剂量组,每组6只,雌雄各半。低、中、高剂量组给药量分别为2、10和50mg/kg;阳性对照组给予50mg/kg贝伐珠单抗注射液;溶媒对照组给予SMMU-13安慰剂。给药体积均为2mL/kg。每周给药2次,共4个给药周期,恢复期4周。期间进行各项毒理学指标检测。试验结果发现:与自身给药前d0相比,给药期间中、高剂量组及阳性对照组的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和甘油三脂(TG)升高;高剂量组及阳性对照组雄性动物股骨骨骺板软骨细胞增生,钙化成骨不良,给药部位近端血管及周围损伤。其余各项指标毒理学指标未见明显异常变化。以上结果表明,SMMU-13主要毒性靶部位为股骨骨骺及给药局部。在本实验条件下安全剂量为2mg/kg,毒性剂量为10mg/kg,与等剂量阳性对照药物毒性反应基本类似。本研究为贝伐珠单抗类似药SMMU-13的临床用药提供了安全用药依据。     

循环水养殖密度和氨氮对斜带石斑鱼生长和免疫力的影响

选取平均体重为146.3 g/尾的斜带石斑鱼450尾分成3个密度组进行饲养,分别为低密度组D1(100尾/m³,14.6 kg/m³)、中密度组D2(150尾/m³,21.7 kg/m³)和高密度组D3(200 尾/m³,29.5 kg/m³),比较不同养殖密度引起的水质变化对斜带石斑鱼的生长性能、摄食率和免疫力的影响。结果表明：水体中氨氮含量随斜带石斑鱼养殖密度的增加而增加(P<0.05);斜带石斑鱼的摄食率随水体中氨氮浓度的增加而显著下降(P<0.05)。随着养殖密度的增加,斜带石斑鱼的生长速度呈现负相关性,各试验组的特定生长率分别为1.07、0.66、0.47;各实验组斜带石斑鱼体重也出现显著性差异(P<0.05),各实验组的尾均增重量分别为118.5 g、63.3 g和44.1 g;养殖密度对斜带石斑鱼的饵料系数和成活率无显著影响(P>0.05);斜带石斑鱼的免疫指标血清溶菌酶(LZM)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)随养殖密度的增加而下降,随养殖时间的延长呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。阐明了养殖密度引起养殖水质状况的改变,继而影响斜带石斑鱼摄食率的变化,从而造成石斑鱼的生长性能出现显著性差异,可能是养殖密度对斜带石斑鱼生长性能影响的机制之一。     

Effect of MSTN Propeptide and shRNA Co-expression Vector on Proliferation of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells

Myostatin(MSTN)is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth,in order to study the effect of inhibition MSTN expression on the proliferation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells,we constructed co-expression vector pcDNA3.1-ProMSTNshRNA,transfected it into muscle satellite cells by Liposome 2000,and detected cell proliferation changes by CCK-8 method and flow cytometry after 48 h.The expressions of P21 and CDK2 were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR.The results showed that the cell vitality of experimental groups significantly increased than that of the negative control,and cells in S phase also increased significantly(P<0.05).After knocked down MSTN gene,P21 expression decreased(P<0.05),but CDK2 gene expression increased(P<0.05).These results indicated that MSTN gene expression was associated with P21 and CDK2,the proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells could be promoted while MSTN was inhibited,which provided a theoretical basis for the study on transgenic cattle.     

Effect of Inhibin α(1-32)Gene Immunization on the Follicular Development and Reproductive Hormones in Rats

A total of 40 rats, aged in 30 days, were divided into 4 groups and immunized (intramuscularlyinjection) with 0 μg(control), 15 μg (group 1), 25 μg (group 2) or 40 μg(group 3) of inhibin α(1-32) re-combinant expression plasmid pcINH in combination with liposome. Booster was given without liposome onday 20 after primary immunization. The results showed that 50%(13/26) rats were detected in positive anti-body against inhibin. However, the increase of immunization dosage and booster did not promote the ratio ofantibody positive rats. The number of matured follicles above 0.8 mm in diameter in the antibody positive ratswas 2.3 more than that in the negative rats (P＞0.05). The concentration of blood plasma FSH increased dis-tinctively on day 10 after primary immunization (P＜0.05), but no increase was observed after booster immu-nization. The 17-β-estradiol levels in blood plasma of rats between the positive and the negative groups had noremarkable differences (P＞0.05). These results suggested that recombinant inhibin expression plasmid couldstimulate animal body to produce antibody against inhibin.     

有机铬添加剂对猪生产性能和肉质的影响

研究了吡啶羧酸铬对育肥猪生产性能和肉质的影响。 36头体重 70kg的约克×长白杂交肥育猪随机分成二组 ,分别饲喂基础饲粮 (对照组 )和基础饲粮 +铬 2 0 0 μg/kg。每组 6个重复 ,每个重复 3头猪 ,试验至 10 0kg体重结束。结果表明 ,有机铬对育肥猪的日增重、日采食量和料肉比无显著影响。添加有机铬趋于提高眼肌面积和肉色评分 ,降低肌肉大理石纹评分和肌内脂肪含量 ;但可极显著提高猪肉的滴水损失。表明 ,在本试验条件下 ,有机铬对猪肉品质有一定的不良影响