Induction of tumors in mice by genomic hypomethylation

Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation occurs in many human cancers, but whether this epigenetic change is a cause or consequence of tumorigenesis has been unclear. To explore this phenomenon, we generated mice carrying a hypomorphic DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) allele, which reduces Dnmt1 expression to 10% of wild-type levels and results in substantial genome-wide hypomethylation in all tissues. The mutant mice were runted at birth, and at 4 to 8 months of age they developed aggressive T cell lymphomas that displayed a high frequency of chromosome 15 trisomy. These results indicate that DNA hypomethylation plays a causal role in tumor formation, possibly by promoting chromosomal instability.     

Ethylene formation in rat liver microsomes

Reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide and pyrophosphate-dependent peroxidation of lipids in rat liver microsomes were coupled to the generation of ethylene in the presence of cuprous ions. This system suggests a model for the biogenesis of ethylene in cells.     

Induction of cachexia in mice by systemically administered myostatin

Mice and cattle with genetic deficiencies in myostatin exhibit dramatic increases in skeletal muscle mass, suggesting that myostatin normally suppresses muscle growth. Whether this increased muscling results from prenatal or postnatal lack of myostatin activity is unknown. Here we show that myostatin circulates in the blood of adult mice in a latent form that can be activated by acid treatment. Systemic overexpression of myostatin in adult mice was found to induce profound muscle and fat loss analogous to that seen in human cachexia syndromes. These data indicate that myostatin acts systemically in adult animals and may be a useful pharmacologic target in clinical settings such as cachexia, where muscle growth is desired.     

Induction of an enzyme in genetically deficient rats after grafting of normal liver

Tissue from normal rat livers was grafted onto the livers of rats that were genetically deficient in bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity. Twelve weeks after the grafting operation, the liver of the recipient rats had bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity.     

实验感染肝片吸虫对大鼠肝脏药物代谢功能的影响

将 8 5只体重 2 5 0～ 35 0 g的健康SD大鼠 (雌雄各半 )随机分成感染组 (n =5 5 )和对照组 (n =30 )。感染组大鼠每只一次经口感染 2 5个肝片吸虫囊蚴 ,每周采血测定血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)及碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)活性。于感染后第 3,6 ,9,11和 13周分别宰杀 12只 (感染组 8只 ,对照组 4只 )大鼠 ,测定其肝微粒体蛋白、细胞色素P 4 5 0、细胞色素b5的浓度和肝脏药物代谢酶活性。结果表明 ,大鼠感染肝片吸虫后 ,血浆AST、ALT、ALP活性分别在感染后 3～ 7周、 3～ 5周、 5～ 13周极显著上升 (P <0 0 1) ;肝体比上升 ;CytP 4 5 0浓度、肝脏药物代谢酶活性极显著下降 (P <0 0 1)。提示肝片吸虫感染对大鼠肝脏药物代谢功能有明显的损伤作用。     

枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1诱导橡胶树抗病性相关防御酶系研究

[目的]研究生防枯草芽孢杆菌Czk1对橡胶树体内防御酶活性的影响,探讨其诱导橡胶树抗病性机理,为Czk1在生物防治领域的应用打下基础.[方法]以过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)5种防御酶作为植物抗病性反应指标,用Czk1菌株发酵液1倍原液及10、100倍稀释液喷洒处理橡胶叶片,以喷洒LB液体培养基为对照,于不同时段测定各防御酶活性;按照生防菌与炭疽病菌接种顺序的不同,测定橡胶树炭疽病菌及生防菌对橡胶植株抗性相关酶活性的影响.[结果]经Czk1发酵液10倍稀释液处理的橡胶树叶片中CAT、POD、PAL和PPO 4种酶活性最高,诱导植株抗病性效果最佳,各酶活峰值分别达4264.62、28946.18、186.67和53.70 U/g,为对照组的5.24、6.34、3.19和3.38倍;而叶片中SOD活性最高的为Czk1发酵液1倍原液处理组,酶活峰值为1344.53U/g,为对照组的5.19倍.先喷洒Czk1发酵液后接种病原菌的处理组,橡胶树叶片CAT、SOD、POD、PAL和PPO活性均显著高于其他处理组,各酶活峰值分别为4129.02、640.96、7416.94、173.35和71.59U/g,为对照组的4.20、2.08、2.50、2.56和7.64倍.[结论]喷施生防菌Czk1稀释液可促使橡胶树抗病相关酶活性升高,诱导橡胶植株产生系统抗性.诱导抗性可能是枯草芽孢杆菌防治橡胶树真菌病害的重要机制之一.     

Induction of mating behavior in rats by luteinizing hormone-releasing factor

Ovariectomized female rats treated with estrogen, in dosages too low to provoke mating, displayed this behavior when given subcutaneous injections of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) 48 hours later. Two hours after the injection of LRF, components of female sexual behavior appeared. The lordosis reflex followed mounting by the male, and darting and hopping behavior was quite prevalent. On the other hand, treatment with estrogen followed by luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, or thyrotropin-releasing factor did not induce copulatory behavior. The results suggest that LRF may play a role in induction of mating behavior.     

红葡萄酒和酒精对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性及其超微结构的影响

采用大鼠灌胃的方法,研究了红葡萄酒和酒精对大鼠肝脏抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化的影响。结果表明,红葡萄酒能提高大鼠肝脏SOD活性,且SOD活性与灌胃时间、剂量有一定关系;灌胃30 d时,红葡萄酒5 mL／kg剂量处理的CAT酶活性较对照显著升高(P<0．05),60 d时酒精组10 mL/kg剂量处理的CAT活性较对照组显著降低(P<0．05),90 d时酒精组及红葡萄酒10和15 mL/kg剂量处理的CAT活性较对照极显著升高(P <0．01);与对照组相比,灌胃60 d时红葡萄酒组5 mL/kg剂量处理的GSH-Px活性极显著升高(P<0．01),90d 时红葡萄酒组、酒精组5和10 mL/kg剂量处理的GSH-Px活性均显著升高(P<0．05),酒精组15mL／kg剂量处理的GSH-Px活性极显著升高(P<0．01);与对照组相比,灌胃30 时红葡萄酒组15 mL／kg剂量处理的MDA含量显著减少(P<0．05),60 d时红葡萄酒组15 mL/kg剂量处理及酒精组10 mL／kg剂量处理的MDA含量减少, 90 d时红葡萄酒组15 mL／kg剂量处理、酒精组10和15 mL／kg剂量处理的大鼠肝脏MDA含量显著增加(P< 0．05)。从光镜和电镜观察结果来看,与酒精组相比,在相同饮用量条件下,红葡萄酒对肝脏的损伤较小。     

Glucagon, starvation, and the induction of liver enzymes by hydrocortisone

Glucagon selectively potentiates an effect of hydrocortisone: when injected into adrenalectoinized rats it increases fourfold the induction by hydrocortisone of tyrosine transaminase, but not of tryptophan pyrrolase. Glucagon alone doubles the basal level of tyrosine transaminase and decreases that of tryptophan pyrrolase. The effects of glucagon on both enzymes resemble those of starvation.     

苯巴比妥和地塞米松对鸡细胞色素P450的诱导作用

将60只40日龄依莎公鸡随机等分为对照组、苯巴比妥(PB)诱导组和地塞米松(DEX)诱导组,进行体外肝微粒体酶活性测定和体内安替比林(AP)消除动力学试验,研究苯巴比妥和地塞米松对鸡肝微粒体细胞色素P450的诱导作用。结果表明,与对照组相比,PB组和DEX组的肝微粒体酶活性显著提高(P<0.01),AP的代谢速率显著加快(P<0.01)。表明苯巴比妥和地塞米松对鸡肝微粒体体细胞色素P450具有明显的诱导作用。     

应用PCR方法调查实验大小鼠螺杆菌感染情况

通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)对上海地区实验大鼠、小鼠的螺杆菌携带情况进行调查,并用5种啮齿动物螺杆菌特异性16SrRNA基因引物对螺杆菌属阳性样品进一步鉴定,为我国实验动物微生物等级及监测标准的制定提供参考依据。结果表明:实验大鼠阳性率为70.3%(71/101),其中清洁级、SPF级分别为69.6%(48/69)和71.9%(23/32);实验小鼠阳性率为35.8%(126/352),其中清洁级、SPF级阳性率分别为51.5%(52/101)和29.5%(74/251)。5种啮齿动物螺杆菌特异性16SrRNA基因引物进一步分析,结果显示在携带螺杆菌的107只小鼠及68只大鼠中,主要携带的是H.rodentium、H.hepaticus和H.bilis 3种。上海地区实验大、小鼠皆存在不同程度的螺杆菌感染,PCR法可用于实验大小鼠螺杆菌感染状况的初步调查和流行病学监测。     

Induction of ovulation in immature hypophysectomized rats

Immature rats given minute doses of highly purified pituitary gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) 7 to 100 days after hypophysectomy ovulated and formed corpora lutea. Neither hormone alone was effective. Luteinizing hormone repaired in part the atrophied theca interna and interstitial tissue, and follicle-stimulating hormone stimulated the development of the granulosa cells.     

增效抗凝血灭鼠剂对大鼠、小鼠CT和PT的影响及中毒鼠肝脏病理学观察

以SD大鼠和小鼠为实验动物,检测和比较了增效抗凝血火鼠剂对凝血时间(CT)和凝血酶原时间(PT)的影响.并观察增效抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒鼠的肝脏组织病理变化,结果表明,增效杀鼠醚能引起SD大鼠和小鼠的CT和PT显著延长,相对于杀鼠醚,相同浓度的增效杀鼠醚具有史强的抗凝血功能;中毒鼠肝脏病理学观察结果发现.增效火鼠剂引起更严重的肝组织损伤、坏死,进一步阻碍其凝血功能,其中增效杀鼠醚对SD大鼠的影响程度大于小鼠,说明增效杀鼠醚埘SD人鼠作川效果更明显.     

Inhibition of experimental liver cirrhosis in mice by telomerase gene delivery

Accelerated telomere loss has been proposed to be a factor leading to end-stage organ failure in chronic diseases of high cellular turnover such as liver cirrhosis. To test this hypothesis directly, telomerase-deficient mice, null for the essential telomerase RNA (mTR) gene, were subjected to genetic, surgical, and chemical ablation of the liver. Telomere dysfunction was associated with defects in liver regeneration and accelerated the development of liver cirrhosis in response to chronic liver injury. Adenoviral delivery of mTR into the livers of mTR(-/-) mice with short dysfunctional telomeres restored telomerase activity and telomere function, alleviated cirrhotic pathology, and improved liver function. These studies indicate that telomere dysfunction contributes to chronic diseases of continual cellular loss-replacement and encourage the evaluation of "telomerase therapy" for such diseases.     

Uricolytic enzymes in liver of the Dipnoan Protopterus aethiopicus

The enzymes uricase, allantoinase, and allantoicase have been measured in liver preparations of the African lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus. The levels for these enzymes in lungfish liver suggest that the amount of urea formed in vivo in Protopterus via a uricolytic pathway may be greater than that derived via the Ornithine-urea cycle. The operation of a "purine cycle" in lungfish liver is proposed.