牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3基因PCR-SSCP分析

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了牛类胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP3)基因在南阳牛、鲁西牛和中国西门塔尔牛3个牛品种中的遗传多态性。结果表明:IGFBP3的第3外显子不存在遗传多态性;第2外显子在3个牛品种中检测到了AA、AB和BB基因型,而且A等位基因为3个牛群体的优势等位基因,分布较高。3个品种中,中国西门塔尔牛AA基因型频率最高,达到0.6615,而鲁西牛和南阳牛则相对较低,分别为0.4043和0.3095。对第2外显子的多态片段测序分析表明:位于IGFBP3基因第8069bp处发生单碱基突变T→C,并导致了苯丙氨酸变为亮氨酸。     

藏绵羊MHC-DRB1基因第3外显子的PCR-SSCP检测及其序列分析

为了研究藏绵羊DRB1基因第3外显子多态性,确定其等位基因数、核苷酸多态位点、变异类型和各等位基因间的遗传关系,本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法,分析了500只藏绵羊(Ovis aries)DRB1基因第3外显子多态性,并对不同等位基因进行克隆和测序。结果表明,藏绵羊DRB1基因第3外显子表现了8个等位基因,8个单倍型序列分析发现了15个核苷酸多态位点,与GenBank序列对比分析,有7个DRB1的等位基因是首次发现。8个DRB1第3外显子的单倍型序列NJ系统发育树呈2支分化趋势。3个种群藏绵羊中B均为优势等位基因,该位点PIC>0.5,为高度多态且显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。研究认为,藏绵羊DRB1基因第3外显子具有丰富的多态性;藏绵羊DRB1基因最初是由2个等位基因突变分化成两大类等位基因。     

牛血管生成素样蛋白4基因(ANGPTL4)编码区SNPs检测及其与南阳牛生长性状的相关性

牛血管生成素样蛋白4(Angiopoietin-like protein4,ANGPTL4)是一种与脂肪代谢相关的分泌蛋白,为研究ANGPTL4基因在调节脂肪和能量代谢中的作用,本实验采用DNA测序技术和PCR-RFLP技术,对南阳牛、郏县红牛、鲁西牛、秦川牛共计789头个体该基因的多态性进行了分析,并对检测到的多态位点与南阳牛的生长性状进行了相关性分析。多态性检测结果显示,该基因(NC_007305.4)第3和第5外显子各存在1处SNP(1422T>C,4899C>T),分别为错义和同义突变。相关性分析结果表明,2处突变位点不同基因型对南阳牛12月龄平均日增重均有显著影响(P<0.05);且第3外显子突变位点不同基因型对南阳牛12月龄体重指标也有显著影响(P<0.05)。研究结果提示,该基因2处突变位点有可能对牛的生长性状产生影响,可作为牛潜在分析育种标记。     

奶牛IGFBP-3基因部分序列PCR-SSCP多态性与产奶量和生长性能的相关性

采用PCR-SSCP技术,对荷斯坦奶牛及荷斯坦公牛冻精杂交改良的黄牛后代(回交二代)共105头奶牛胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGFBP-3)基因内含子2部分序列和外显子3全部序列进行了多态性研究,分析了该基因与奶牛生产性状的相关性.结果表明:IGFBP-3基因第2内含子共存在2个等位基因3种基因型,A、B基因频率为O.7667和O.2333,AA、AB和BB基因型频率分别为0.6000、O.3333和0.0667.该群体在这一位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,遗传杂合度(H(e))和多态信息含量(PIC)分别为O.3578和为O.2937.测序结果显示,与普通黄牛该基因序列(AF305712)相比,B等位基因在第8 515碱基处发生了G→A的转换,而A等位基因在此处与AF305712序列相同.此外,A、B等位基因在第8 634碱基位置(属第3外显子区)均为c,而普通黄牛在此处为T碱基,该突变为同义突变.最小二乘法分析表明,AA基因型305 d产奶量和12月龄体重极显著高于AB和BB基因型(P<0.01);AA型12月龄体长和体高均极显著高于AB型(P<0.01),而BB型与AB型和AA型差异不显著;不同基因型的胸围和腹嗣差异不显著.     

藏绵羊DRB3基因第2外显子多态性分析

为了研究藏绵羊(Ovis aries)DRB3基因的多态性,确定其等位基因数、等位基因间的核苷酸多态位点、变异类型,以及分析各等位基因间的遗传关系和进化意义,研究采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了500只藏绵羊DRB3基因第2外显子的多态性,并克隆、测序群体内变异产生的各等位基因.结果表明藏绵羊DRB3基因第2外显子表现了37个等位基因,37个单倍型序列分析发现82个核苷酸多态位点;37个单倍型序列与GenBank下载序列对比分析,结果表明35个DRB3的等位基因是本研究旨次发现;37个DRB3基因外显子2的单倍型序列NJ系统发育树呈2支分化趋势.研究认为藏绵羊DRB3基因第2外显子具有丰富的遗传多态性;藏绵羊DRB3基因最初是由2个等位基因突变分化成两大类等位基因的.     

边鸡胰岛素样生长因子1基因（IGF-1）外显子3的多态性及其与繁殖性能的关系

根据GenBank中发表的鸡胰岛素样生长因子1基因(IGF-1)的序列针对外显子2和外显子3分别设计1对引物,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测边鸡(Gallus gallus)及2个对照群体(京海黄鸡(Gallus gallus)和尤溪麻鸡(Gallus gallus))的单核苷酸多态性,并与边鸡的繁殖性能进行相关性分析.结果表明,3个品种在IGF-1外显子2中未检测到多态,而在外显子3中都检测到3种基因型(AA,AB和BB).在边鸡和京海黄鸡中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而在尤溪麻鸡中B等位基因为优势等位基因.克隆测序表明,AA型与BB型相比有两处突变(93A→G和148G→A),其中148 bp处的突变导致氨基酸由谷氨酸变为赖氨酸,通过与Gen-Bank中的鸡IGF-1基因序列比对,发现两处突变分别位于IGF-1基因外显子3的62 bp和117 bp.最小二乘分析表明,AA与BB基因型个体300日龄的产蛋数存在显著差异(P<0.05).     

甘肃高山细毛羊瘦素基因Leptin第3外显子多态性与生长速度相关性分析

瘦素(Leptin)是由肥胖基因(obese)编码,由脂肪细胞分泌的一种多肽激素,是研究牛、羊生长发育和肉质等性状的重要候选基因。为探讨Leptin基因与绵羊生长速度的相关性,本研究利用单链构象多态性(single strand conformation polymorphism,SSCP)分析技术对甘肃高山细毛羊(Ovis aries)Leptin基因第3外显子进行遗传多样性检测,并对不同基因型及等位基因与生长速度的相关性进行分析。结果表明,在甘肃高山细毛羊Leptin基因第3外显子上共检测到4个(A~D)等位基因和2个SNPs(G271A和G433A),构成4个基因型(AA、AB、AC和AD),其中2个(B和D)等位基因和1个SNPs(G433A)为首次发现,等位基因A和基因型AC频率分别为0.6586和0.4095,为优势等位基因和基因型;与生长速度相关性分析发现,基因型AC对1月龄、2月龄和4月龄个体体重影响显著(P0.05)高于同等阶段其他基因型个体,等位基因C与1月龄、2月龄、4月龄体重和平均日增重关联性均显著(P0.05)。本研究显示,甘肃高山细毛羊Leptin基因第3外显子遗传多样性丰富,可以通过选留携带等位基因C和基因型AC的个体提高甘肃高山细毛羊的生长速度,研究结果也为绵羊Leptin基因的遗传特征研究提供基础数据。     

天祝白牦牛金属硫蛋白基因(MT-1)全序列分子克隆及生物信息学分析

金属硫蛋白-1基因(metallothionein-1,MT-1)是一类广泛存在于动物体内的金属结合蛋白,除维持金属动态平衡和重金属解毒外,还可参与清除自由基、拮抗电离辐射和抗应激等。为深入研究MT-1基因参与动物机体抗逆性的分子机制,本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术获得天祝白牦牛(Bos grunneins)MT-1基因全长cDNA序列,运用生物信息学方法分析MT-1蛋白的理化性质、结构和不同物种间的同源性,并利用RT-qPCR方法分析MT-1基因在天祝白牦牛各个脏器和组织中的表达丰度。结果表明,天祝白牦牛MT-1基因cDNA序列全长为408 bp(GenBank登录号:KF770836),开放阅读框(ORF)长186 bp,编码61个氨基酸,氨基酸的分子量为5.981 kD;氨基酸序列分析显示,天祝白牦牛MT-1基因编码氨基酸序列与牛(Bos taurus)的同源性高达100%,同时与大多数哺乳动物相似;荧光定量PCR结果发现,MT-1 mRNA在天祝白牦牛8个不同脏器和组织中均有表达,心脏中表达量最高。天祝白牦牛MT-1基因的成功克隆为进一步研究该基因的功能提供了基础资料。     

of Goat Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Gene

利用PCR-SSCP技术检测山羊(Capra hircus)包括西农萨能奶山羊、关中奶山羊、陕南白山羊、安哥拉山羊和波尔山羊173个个体FSHR基因第10外显子的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)。结果未发现SNP位点。测序后获得山羊FSHR基因第10外显子的核苷酸序列， 并在NCBI数据库中获得GenBank登录No.DQ069909和DQ069910。通过DNA序列分析发现， FSHR基因第10外显子第120位碱基不存在C→T的转换，也不存在颠换等其它遗传变化。山羊、绵羊 (Ovisaries L.) 和普通牛( Bos taurus) FSHR基因第10外显子序列同源性比较和聚类分析结果表明，山羊、普通牛和绵羊该部分序列的相似性最高为99.3%；在物种间比较中，绵羊和普通牛纯合子该基因外显子序列的不相似性最高为3.4%；据FSHR基因外显子序列构建的分子系统树结果显示，山羊、绵羊和普通牛物种内的个体各自聚为一类；山羊和绵羊先聚为一类，然后再与普通牛聚为一类。提示FSHR基因第10外显子的核苷酸序列适合于物种间的动物分子树的构建。     

甘肃境内6个牦牛群体微卫星标记遗传多样性及遗传结构分析

为了研究甘肃境内牦牛(Bos grunniens)群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,促进甘肃境内牦牛群体遗传资源的合理利用和保护,研究采用微卫星标记技术检测了甘肃境内6个牦牛群体(240头个体)15个微卫星座位的等位基因。结果共检测到了146个等位基因,其中在玛曲牦牛群体检测到的等位基因数最多(106个),天祝白牦牛群体最少(74个)。期望杂合度(He)、观察杂合度(Ho)和多态信息含量(PIC)的分析结果表明,6个牦牛群体中来自于合作市的3个牦牛群体的遗传多样性较丰富,而天祝白牦牛、肃南牦牛和天祝牦牛群体的遗传多样性相对较低。DA遗传距离和Nei氏标准遗传距离(DS)的分析结果以及DA和DS遗传距离构建的NJ系统树的分析结构均表明,玛曲牦牛、碌曲牦牛和夏河牦牛群体具有较近的亲缘关系,说明这3个群体可能具有相同的原始祖先。天祝白牦牛、肃南牦牛和天祝牦牛群体的遗传距离较近,另为一类,可能来源于相同的原始祖先。主成分分析和遗传结构推导分析的结果与系统树的分类结果一致,研究将甘肃境内的6个牦牛群体分为两个类群,分类结果与其地理分布具有一致性。     

Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2)

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins.     

Excretion of (14)C-fumonisin B(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1), and (14)C-fumonisin B(1)-fructose in rats.

14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homochiral (R)- and (S)-karahanaenol from (R)-limonene

Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative.     

(三唑基-~(14)C-)粉锈宁的标记合成

本文报道了(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁的制备。由14C-甲酸和重碳酸氨基胍形成(5-14C)-3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑,再经重氮化脱氨得到(5-14C)-1,2,4-三唑,最后再与对氯酚和二氯片呐酮反应得到(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁。放化收率为26％(从甲酸-14C计),放化纯度大于95％。     

Theoretical speciation of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) in agronomic conditions

The presence of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) as the second largest component in commercial EDDHA iron chelates has recently been demonstrated. Here is reported the speciation of o,p-EDDHA by the application of a novel methodology through the determination of the complexing capacity, protonation, and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) stability constants. The pM values and species distribution in solution, hydroponic, and soil conditions were obtained. Due to the para position of one phenol group in o,p-EDDHA, the protonation constants and Ca and Mg stability constants have different values from those of o,o-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA regioisomers. o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) stability constants are higher than those of EDTA/Fe(3+) but lower than those of o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+). The sequence obtained for pFe is o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+) >/= o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) > EDTA/Fe(3+). o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) can be used as an iron chelate in hydroponic conditions. Also, it can be used in soils with limited Cu availability.     

Binding studies of oxovanadium(V) with ovalbumins (OA)

The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id₀) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG ⁰ value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin.     

Effect of pH on interaction between As(III) or As(V) and manganese(IV) oxide

The efficiency of As(III) oxidation by MnO₂, and retention of oxidation products varies with system pH. Maximum retention by hydrous Mn(IV) oxide occurs at pH < 5, declining at higher pH to about half total As at pH 10. The adsorption capacities of pyrolusite and cryptomelane at pH ～6.5 for As(V) species were 10 and 25 mmol kg^?1, respectively. HMO surface saturation (～10 mmol kg^?1) was reached with equilibrium As(V) levels of 5 to 8 × 10^?6 M but this was supplemented at higher levels by an absorption process where uptake increased linearly with concentration (e.g., 68 mmol kg^?1 with 2 × 10^?5 M As(V)). Added As(III) was avidly oxidized and most product retained at pH 3. At higher pH increasing amounts of As(III) remained unoxidized due to initial reactions apparently blocking access to internal pores. Added Na⁺ reduced the amount of As retained by the HMO, with the phosphate salt having a significant effect. Extraction studies confirmed that most As could be released by exposure to reducing agents or chelating agents (EDTA). The environmental significance of the results has been considered.