Oxidative state in the estrus cycle of the buffaloes: a preliminary study

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The oxidative status, the relationship between oxidizing agents (free radicals) and antioxidant system, is able to influence the correct performance of the...     

Polymorphisms in the MTRN1A gene and their effects on the productive and reproductive traits in buffaloes

The main environmental factor that affects the regulation of reproductive seasonality is photoperiod through its effects on melatonin secretion. The melatonin receptor MTRN1A appears to be involved in regulating the reproductive seasonality and milk production in the period. The aim of this study was to identify polymorphisms in the MTRN1A gene and their possible associations with milk, fat and protein productions, fat and protein percentages, age at first calving, and first calving interval in buffaloes. Three genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) were identified by PCR-RFLP, and there was a significant association with protein percentage (P?<?0.0001). Further studies are necessary to better understand the influence of melatonin gene and their receptors in the productive functions of buffaloes.     

垂穗披碱草种质资源繁殖相关特性遗传多样性研究

对采自甘肃、青海以及四川等地的50个垂穗披碱草居群的穗长、穗宽、每穗小穗数、种长、芒长和千粒重等6个与其繁殖相关的性状进行了遗传多样性研究。Shannon-weaver指数分析显示,50个居群在形态性状上具有丰富的遗传多样性(H′=1.873)。遗传多样性主要集中在居群内部(63.8%),居群间存在一定的遗传变异(36.2%)。各性状间的遗传变异具有不均衡性,穗宽变异较大(CV=0.347 2),种长变异最小(CV=0.118 4)。聚类分析表明,50个居群可分为3组;相关分析结果表明,海拔、经度、纬度、年均温和年均降水量对垂穗披碱草的繁殖性状变异有不同程度的影响,其中海拔和年均温对穗长和每穗小穗数影响极显著(P<0.01)。此外,提出了垂穗披碱草的利用和保护建议。     

水牛伊氏锥虫人工感染抗体规律及其广西地区自然感染状况的初步调查

通过实验感染,研究伊氏锥虫在水牛体内抗体及虫体消长的规律.ELISA检测结果表明,水牛感染伊氏锥虫后第6 d检出抗体,而且在2个多月的监测时间里,抗体都维持在较高水平(OD450nm>0.3),因此可利用ELISA方法对水牛感染伊氏锥虫进行早期诊断和监测;水牛感染伊氏锥虫后,即出现一个2～3周左右的虫血症峰期,然后虫血症峰期迅速下降,在虫血症峰期下降后1个多月的监测时间里,虫血症维持在一个很低的水平(≤1条虫体/视野),水牛感染伊氏锥虫后这种峰期短无明显症状、虫血症水平低的现象,给临床诊断和血液镜检虫体造成了一定的困难.对广西部分地区79份血清样品水牛检测的结果表明,伊氏锥虫抗体阳性率达到29.1%,说明广西各地水牛感染伊氏锥虫的现象普遍存在,而且感染率比较高,为了保证本地区水牛产业的健康发展,有必要对水牛伊氏锥虫感染进行有效的监测.     

桑飞象生物学特性及防治的初步研究

在江苏省丰县首次发现桑飞象为害桑树,并酿成严重灾害.此虫一年一代,以幼虫在土中越冬;翌年3月下旬至4月上旬在3—10厘米土层内化蛹,蛹期12—17天;4月中、下旬成虫出土上树取食桑芽和叶片,交尾后2—7天产卵在枝顶及春季剪梢口下段等处,每头雌成虫产卵44—205粒,卵期15—19天;初孵幼虫入土取食植物.用50%辛硫磷1000倍液每亩喷雾150—200斤防治效果良好.     

Pathological study of non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in cattle and buffaloes: a preliminary report

A total of 236 urinary bladders (94 cattle and 142 buffaloes) collected from Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, were studied for spontaneous lesions. These adult animals belonged to Institute’s organized dairy farm and rural areas in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Grossly, congestion, hemorrhages, and cystoliths in urinary bladders were diagnosed. Histopathologically, the major conditions diagnosed were acute cystitis, 44 (18.64%), including, congestion, hemorrhages, sub-acute cystitis; chronic cystitis, 74 (31.35%), including chronic cystitis un-complicated type, lymphocytic cystitis, plasmolymphocytic cystitis, follicular cystitis, hyperplasia, nodular/acinar hyperplasia, and cystolithiasis; and nothing unusual diagnosed, 118 (50.00%). Similar types of pathological conditions were diagnosed in both species of animals with exception of follicular cystitis and nodular/acinar hyperplasia which was diagnosed respectively only in buffaloes and cystoliths in cows. In addition, a good number of 17/25 (68%) urinary bladder samples tested were found positive for presence of bovine papillomavirus type-2 (BPV-2) by polymerase chain reaction. These included eight cases of acute cystitis, an equal number of cases of chronic cystitis, and one normal bladder. BPV-2 is known as potential source of enzootic bovine hematuria along with other co-factors in enzootic areas. Lesions of zoonotic significance, like tuberculosis, etc., were not diagnosed. None of the observed lesions represented conditions, which, by themselves, would warrant carcass condemnation in buffaloes.     

促卵泡素对摩拉水牛超数排卵的试验初报

用20毫克促卵泡素（FSH）对河流型乳用水牛进行超数排卵，采用递减法连续注射4天（8次），可达到超排效果，共处理3头牛，其中屠宰1头经卵巢计数排卵14枚，闭锁卵泡2枚；直肠检查2头平均排卵5．15枚，闭锁卵泡2枚。在采用卵方法上，外科手术冲洗输卵管1头，共回收卵子2枚；非外科手术采卵2头，1头回收未受精卵子5枚，另一头回收32细胞胚胎2枚。     

Relationship between reproductive and productive performance in poultry flocks

The author analyses the interrelationship between the hygienic prerequisites of reproduction and performance in poultry farming, with regard to their impact on human health. The main factors influencing the hatching rate of poultry eggs are reviewed along with their epizootiological and economic aspects, and the possibilities of the prevention of egg-transmitted diseases are discussed.     

结缕草属植物生殖性状的遗传分析

选用2份生殖性状存在差异的结缕草(Z136)和中华结缕草(Z039)相互杂交,获得正反交F₁分离群体,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对F₁群体的花序密度、生殖枝高度、花序长度、每穗小穗数、小穗长度、小穗宽度、小穗长度/宽度进行遗传分析,以初步明确这些性状的遗传特性。结果表明,1)在调查的7个性状中,正反交杂交后代中每一个性状的变异范围均超出了双亲的变异范围,不同性状的变异系数差异较大,花序密度的变异系数最大,其次为生殖枝高度和每穗粒数,小穗长度和宽度的变异最小,花序长度的变异居中。2)花序密度、生殖枝高度、小穗长度和小穗长/宽正反交后代的观测值存在显著差异,可能有母体遗传效应,花序长度、每穗粒数和小穗宽度正反交后代间的观测值无显著差异。3)花序密度正反交后代群体的最佳遗传模型为存在2对主基因控制的遗传模型,生殖枝高度、花序长度和小穗宽度正反交后代群体的最佳遗传模型均为A-0模型,即无主基因模型。每穗粒数正交为1对主基因的遗传模型,反交为无主基因模型,小穗长度的正交为无主基因模型,反交为1对主基因模型。小穗长/宽正交的最适遗传模型为B-1模型,即2对主基因的加性-显性-上位性遗传模型,主基因遗传率为42.72%,反交群体的最适遗传模型为B-2模型,即2对主基因的加性-显性遗传模型,主基因遗传率为98.81%。     

外源激素PMSG提高滩羊繁殖率初探

采用阴道栓塞、PMSG和加强饲养管理相结合的方法,对63只空怀滩母羊进行两个胎次125只次的处理,结果表明,①注射PMSG时间与撤栓的时间间隔以撤栓同时或提前12小时效果较好.②配种季节250 u和非配种季节300 uPMSG能有效地诱导滩母羊的同期发情并增加母羊的排卵数.③采用适宜的外源激素处理基本实现了滩羊一年两产并诱导一产多羔,母羊年繁殖率达187.3%,年只均繁殖成活羔羊1.59只,母羊只均增加收入66.62元.按两年三产计算,年繁殖率为142.1%.     

角黄素对肉种鸡生产性能和繁殖性能的影响

本文主要研究添加角黄素对肉用种鸡生产性能和繁殖性能的影响。试验选用360只小母鸡和36只公鸡,饲养于12个面积为7m 2的圈中。以体重相近和均匀性为原则,于42周时将母鸡和公鸡平均分配到两个试验组中。在第46至66周龄时,给予试验组1每公斤饲粮6m g角黄素的添加量,试验组2不添加角黄素（对照组）。每4周称量一次体重,记录每周产蛋率,于试验结束时计算死亡率。孵化期为21天,计算孵化率和繁殖率。为了评价不同存储时间和孵化过程中角黄素的抗氧化作用,对所有处理组蛋品进行硫代巴比妥酸法分析。饲粮中添加角黄素对体重,死亡率和产蛋率没有影响,但孵化率（P≤0.0001）和受精率（P≤0.0003）却极显著增加。角黄素还能改善母鸡繁殖力,降低孵化前48小时和孵化结束前1周胚胎死亡率。两组间母鸡体重和小鸡品质没有显著性差异。试验组1蛋黄TBAR S值降低,在储存4 d和孵化7 d的蛋黄中也能观察到这种现象。在肉种鸡饲粮中添加角黄素能改善孵化率、繁殖率,降低蛋黄中TBAR S的产生。     

鸡生殖器官的组织学特点

通过对５例健康成年罗曼鸡的生殖器官的组织学观察,结果表明：１）鸡睾丸曲细精管生精上皮形成多个细胞柱,各团细胞柱独立完成精子的发生;２）卵巢的的间质内可见到大量成堆分布的嗜酸性粒细胞,这种现象可能与机体的防御能力有关;３）在输卵管的子宫－阴道连接部的粘膜皱襞内存在有精子寄生腺,腺体内的分泌物可较长时间的保持精子的活力。     

石河子绿洲区不同苜蓿品种生产经济性状综合评价

选取了国内外种植比较广泛的17个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种,其中国外品种14个,国内品种3个,种植在新疆绿洲区的典型地段,2002年进行建植,2003年进行指标的详细测定.并运用层次分析法对初步筛选后的17个品种进行综合评价.结果表明,爱博、金皇后、美国8920、WL-323、阿尔冈金、WL-232、三得利表现较好,可进行推广种植.     

Effect of extruded linseed on productive and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows

A total of 356 early lactation multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the effects of feeding extruded linseed on milk production and composition, and reproductive performance. Forty of these cows were randomly selected to study the effects of extruded linseed on milk fatty acid (FA) profile, individual feed intake and prostaglandin secretion. Cows were fed a 40:60 forage to concentrate ratio diet (17.9% CP, 27.7% NDF and 6.0% EE) ad libitum that was similar in composition between treatments except for the protein supplements that differed and were control (CTR: 4.9% extruded soybean) and linseed (LIN: 5.5% extruded linseed). Individual DM intake measured at 40 (23.0 kg/d) and 90 (24.2 kg/d) days in milk, and milk yield (45.0 kg/d) were not affected by treatment, but the lower (P < 0.05) milk fat percentage in cows fed LIN (2.65%) compared with CTR (2.86%) resulted in lower (P < 0.05) 4.0% fat-corrected milk yield for cows fed LIN (35.4 kg/d) compared with CTR (37.7 kg/d). Milk protein content was higher (P < 0.05) in LIN (3.04%) than in CTR (3.00%). The concentration of saturated FA was lower (P < 0.05) in milk fat from LIN (56.2%) compared with CTR (60.2%). Monounsaturated FA (35.7 vs. 32.7%) and polyunsaturated FA (8.0 vs. 6.9%) were higher in LIN (P < 0.05) than in CTR. Supplementation with LIN also increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of vaccenic acid (2.21 vs. 1.55%), total conjugated linoleic acid (0.91 vs. 0.72%) and n-3 FA (1.21 vs. 0.54%) in milk compared with CTR. Plasma concentrations of prostaglandin metabolite were numerically lower in LIN (106 pg/ml) compared with CTR (120 pg/ml) (P = 0.16) but reproductive performance was similar between treatments. In summary, extruded linseed reduced milk fat percentage and 4.0% fat-corrected milk yield and increased milk protein percentage and the content of healthy FA in milk without modifying DM intake, milk yield and reproductive performance.     

Relationship between reproductive and productive traits in Holstein cattle using multivariate analysis

Multivariate procedures are used for the extraction of variables from the correlation matrix of phenotypes in order to identify those traits that explain the largest proportion of phenotypic variation and to evaluate the relationship structure between these traits. The reproductive traits (days from calving to first estrus [CFE], days from calving to last service [CLS], calving interval [CI] and gestation length [GL]) and milk production traits (milk yield at 305 days of lactation [MY305], peak yield [PY] and milk yield per day of calving interval [MYCI]) of 5,217 Holstein females (primiparous and multiparous) were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis of the correlation matrix were used to estimate the correlation between traits. Analysis grouped the seven traits into three principal components and four latent factors that retained approximately 81.5% and 88.9% of the total variation of the data, respectively. The production variables exhibited positive phenotypic correlation coefficients of high magnitude (>.67). The phenotypic correlation estimates between the productive and reproductive traits were low, ranging from .13 to .22. A strong association (.99) was observed between CLS and CI. Our results indicate that multivariate analysis was effective in generating correlations between the traits studied, grouping the seven traits in a smaller number of variables that retained approximately 81% of the total variation of the data.