黄麻纤维产量与主要农艺性状的相关分析

研究黄麻纤维产量与主要农艺性状的相关性, 可为高产育种与生产利用提供科学依据。本文159份不同来源黄麻种质资源的12个农艺性状对纤维产量即单株干皮重的影响表明, 各性状的变异系数变化在11.89%至38.50%之间, 表现出丰富的遗传变异。黄麻纤维产量与各性状均呈极显著正相关, 其中, 与单株鲜皮重、株高、始花期的相关系数较大, 分别为0.814、0.760和0.648。黄麻纤维产量和单株鲜皮重、株高、出麻率、鲜皮厚的回归方程达显著水平, 其标准回归系数依次为0.443、0.437、0.291和0.113。通径分析显示, 单株鲜皮重、株高在决定黄麻纤维产量时起主要作用。出麻率的相关系数(0.253)与直接通径系数(0.291)表现基本一致, 说明出麻率直接对黄麻纤维产量起作用, 具极显著正相关。因此, 在黄麻高产育种中, 应该以始花期、单株鲜皮重、株高、出麻率与鲜皮厚为主要筛选对象, 兼顾综合性状的改良。     

红麻产量和纤维品质性状的遗传效应与杂种优势分析

红麻产量与品质性状的各项遗传效应、关联性及其杂种优势表现是杂种优势利用的基础,采用加性-显性遗传模型,分析了7个杂交红麻亲本和21个F1 代组合的12个产量与品质性状的研究结果表明,（1）株高、鲜皮厚、单株干皮重、千粒重、纤维支数同时受到加性和显性效应的控制;而茎粗、单株干茎重、皮骨比、出麻率、单株纤维重、精     

河南夏大豆区近30年主要大豆品种产量改良的遗传进展

提高产量是大豆育种的主要目标。研究大豆产量及其相关性状的遗传进展,对于今后制定高产育种策略有重要参考意义。本研究随机选择近30年河南主要育成品种中的18个大豆品种,进行两年产量评价试验的研究。结果表明,产量随育种年份增加总体呈递增趋势,遗传进展为17.39kghm^-2,年递增率是0.7%;有效分枝、主茎节数、百粒重、株高有弱的正向遗传进展,而单株荚数和每荚粒数表现弱的负向遗传进展,但均不显著。百粒重、主茎节数和株高与产量有显著的遗传相关与表型相关,环境相关均不显著,表明这3个性状具有较大的遗传力,随产量性状的遗传改良,这3个性状均协同提高,且不易受环境条件的影响;而有效分枝、单株荚数、每荚粒数与产量的遗传相关和表型相关均没达到显著水平,这是它们与百粒重、主茎节数、株高有极显著负遗传相关所致。     

Association Analysis of Agronomic and Yield-Related Traits in an Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Germplasm Population Based on SSR Markers

[Objective] Molecular markers associated with agronomic and yield-related traits could provide useful references for improving the efficiency of Gossypium hirsutum breeding. [Method] In 147 upland cotton materials, 237 Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR) markers were assayed for polymorphisms. The population structure was analyzed using Structure 2.2. An association analysis between SSR markers and the agronomic and yield-related traits was performed using the Tassel 2.1 General Linear Model program. [Result] The average coefficients of variation for the five indicators varied from 7.28% to 21.06%, with an average of 13.47%, which indicated that the test population had a rich phenotypic diversity. The 237 SSR markers included 690 alleles belonging to 281 loci, with an average of 2.455 0 alleles per SSR marker (ranging from 2 to 6), and the average polymorphism information content value was 0.216 5. The test group could be divided into seven subgroups using Structure software. A genome-wide association analysis was conducted on five agronomic and yield-related traits from 2013 to 2015. There were 45 SSR loci and 1 locus significantly (P＜0.01) associated with boll weight and lint percentage, which were detected in 3 or more environments, and they explained 19.30% and 11.58%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation in the different environments (P＜0.01). Nine loci were significantly (P＜0.01) associated with agronomic traits at two or more bowing times, and one, four and four markers were associated with fruit branch number, boll number and plant height, explaining 9.96%, 7.00% and 5.57%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation in different environments. Sites significantly associated with boll weight, fruit branch number and plant height were simultaneously detected near BNL2448. [Conclusion] Many loci associated with the yield and other important agronomic traits of upland cotton were repeatedly detected in different environments using an association analysis. The results provide useful reference information for cotton molecular marker-assisted selection-based breeding.     

甘蓝型油菜主要农艺性状的主成分分析

为了研究甘蓝型油菜各农艺性状之间的相互关系,提高油菜新品种的选育效率,对229份DH纯系材料进行农艺性状（包括株高、分枝高度、一次分枝数、主花序长度、主花序角果数、单株经济学产量和单株生物学产量等）的相关性和主成分分析。结果表明,株高、分枝高度、主花序长度、单株生物学产量和单株经济学产量等5个性状偏向于父本,而一次分枝数和主花序角果数偏向于母本。相关性分析显示,株高、分枝高度、主花序角果数、单株经济学产量和单株生物学产量之间均呈现极显著正相关,一次分枝数与株高和分枝高度之间呈负相关。主成分分析可将农艺性状综合为株高因子、一次分枝数因子、主花序角果数因子和分枝高度因子,累计贡献率达90.0%,基本涵盖了农艺性状的全部信息。     

甜荞农艺性状与产量关系的多重分析

为确定构成甜荞产量的主要因子,为甜荞种质评价与创新提供理论依据。以34份甜荞品种为材料,研究分析甜荞农艺性状与产量的变异特征,进行相关分析、通径分析、主成分分析及多元线性回归分析。结果表明,甜荞农艺性状和产量的变异系数达13.3%~44.0%;产量与株高、单株粒数、单株粒重呈极显著正相关,与主茎节数和分枝数呈显著正相关,而与第一节间长和千粒重呈不显著的正相关。因此得出,单株粒重、主茎节数、单株粒数、分枝数是构成产量的主要因子。     

花生SSR标记与农艺性状的相关性

以农家品种四粒红和冀农黑3号构建的包含有251个家系的重组自交系(RIL)群体为材料, 在保定市和邯郸大名县两地进行表型鉴定, 利用Pearson’s相关和逐步多元回归分析了花生农艺性状之间及其与标记的相关性。结果表明, 多数农艺性状间存在显著或极显著相关, 其中相关性最高的为单株生产力和单株仁重(r=0.970), 其次是主茎高和第一侧枝长(r=0.918); 77对SSR标记与18个农艺性状显著相关, 每个性状相关标记数在2~16之间; 14个SSR标记与13个农艺性状关联, 解释的表型变异为5.2%~11.5%。以上结果为今后花生的常规育种和分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。     

绿豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

为探讨绿豆主要农艺性状对单株产量影响的主次关系，以15 个绿豆品种为试验材料，采用灰色关联度分析法，对绿豆7 个农艺性状与单株产量的关联度进行统计分析。结果表明：各性状因子与单株产量的关联度由高到低排序为单株荚数、株高、主茎节数、百粒重、单荚粒数、主茎分枝、生育期。因此，在山西高产绿豆新品种选育时，应首先注重单株荚数和株高。     

Morphological Traits Associated with Lodging Resistance of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Throughout the world, lodging in cereals causes great losses in yield each year. A two year field study was conducted to determine the relationship of morphological traits to lodging resistance in spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines and to find easily measurable traits related to lodging resistance. A set of 15 breeding lines, representing a wide range of combinations of plant height and lodging resistance, was evaluated.
During the first year, 29 morphological traits were measured at two growth stages and correlated with the lodging score. Higher correlations were found for traits measured at anthesis (DC 65) than for traits measured at maturity (DC 92); most of the fresh weight traits correlated better to lodging resistance than did the corresponding dry matter parameters. During the second year the six traits of plant height, stem length, stem diameter, ear weight, stem weight and stem weight per cm were measured at anthesis and correlated with the lodging score.
From the pooled data of four experiments, significant correlations between the lodging score and single morphological traits were found for stem diameter and stem weight per cm. Thicker stems and heavier stems (mg per cm) were indicative for better lodging resistance. Stem diameter and stem weight cm⁻¹ explained 48.5 % and 49.7 %, respectively, of the phenotypic variation in lodging resistance. Multiple linear regression equations indicated that 77.2 % of the variation in lodging resistance was based on stem weight cm⁻¹ and on the weight of the ear.     

大豆单株产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

为了探讨大豆各主要农艺性状对单株产量影响的主次关系,以黑龙江省第二积温带种植的6个大豆品种为试验材料,应用灰色系统理论的关联度分析法对与大豆单株产量相关的8个性状进行关联分析。结果表明：大豆单株产量相关性状的灰色关联度大小依次为单株粒数>主茎分枝数>单株有效荚数>百粒重>底荚高度>株高>生育期>主茎节数,与单株产量最为密切相关的性状是单株粒数,其与产量的关联度为0.42,其次是主茎分枝数,与产量的关联度为0.39,主茎节数影响相对较小。因而,在大豆品种选育过程中,应注重单株粒数多和主茎分枝数多的品系选育。