氮、磷肥对杉木幼苗生物量及养分分配的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了不同氮、 磷肥对杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）幼苗生物量及养分分配的影响。结果表明,供磷可促进杉木幼苗植株和各器官生物量的增加,并影响叶、 茎、 根生物量的分配比例,氮、 磷处理幼苗叶生物量占全株生物量的45% 以上, 施氮反而降低杉木叶、 茎、 根的生物量; 施氮显著增加根和叶的氮含量,而显著降低根和叶的磷含量,对茎的氮、 磷含量没有明显影响; 施磷显著降低叶、 茎、 根的氮含量,叶、 茎、 根的磷含量随供磷水平的增加而逐渐增加。氮磷配施显著影响叶、 茎、 根的氮、 磷含量和氮、 磷累积量。叶片是主要的氮、 磷养分存储器官。氮（或磷）水平的增加可降低杉木幼苗的磷（或氮）利用效率,提高氮（或磷）的利用效率; 氮、 磷肥显著影响杉木幼苗叶、 茎、 根的N/P比。研究结果说明,氮、 磷肥增加了杉木幼苗各器官生物量和氮、 磷含量,影响了幼苗的养分分配和营养平衡。     

不同施肥量烤烟钾素营养效应

应用＾８６Ｒｂ研究不同施肥量烤烟钾素营养效应,结果表明：随着施钾量的增加,在烤烟打顶期,烟叶中Ｋ２Ｏ含量,每株烤烟施２．５ｇ,１．５ｇ,２ｇＫ２Ｏ分别比对照增加１８．７５％,１７．４３％和３．２９％,每株烤烟吸收肥料中Ｋ２Ｏ量,施３ｇＫ２Ｏ时分别比施１．５ｇ,２ｇ和２．５ｇＫ２Ｏ增加１９．７４％,１３．５７％和１３．０１％每株烤烟吸收总Ｋ２Ｏ量,施２．５ｇＫ２Ｏ分别比ＣＫ,施１．５ｇ和２ｇＫ２Ｏｆ     

低硒土壤区玉米植株中硒的分布及调控初探

对低硒地区玉米植株中硒的含量分布规律进行了研究，采籽玉米成熟期根系＞茎叶雄穗（混）＞籽粒，籽粒中含硒量非常低；青贮玉米灌浆期叶片＞茎秆＞根系＞雄穗＞雌穗，下部茎＞上部茎，上部叶≈下部叶。用亚硒酸钠溶液浸种不利于提高玉米含硒量，叶喷可有效地提高玉米各器含硒量，其含硒量随喷硒量的增加而增加，喷１５－７５ｇ／ｈｍ＾２可使玉米茎叶含硒量达到充足阈，喷硒对玉米产量没有明显提高。     

钾肥对烤烟体内钾素分配及微量元素含量的影响

本文用三种典型的植烟土壤研究了不同的钾肥用量对烟株含量及分配的影响，结果表明，烟叶含钾量随钾肥用量的增加而增加，两者符合二次曲线的关系。充分供钾时，钾在烟株体内的含量顺序为芽＞叶＞茎＞根，烟叶不同部位为下部＞中部＞上部；当烟株缺钾时，上部烟叶含钾量高于中下部。无率在哪种土壤上，钾在烟株中的分配比例顺序为烟叶＞茎＞根＞芽，当中部烟叶含钾量达到２．４％时钾在烟株中的分配趋向一稳定值，即在烟叶、茎、根、     

钼对滇重楼生长、养分和总皂甙含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,设4个施钼水平,即0、0.2、0.4、0.8 mg/kg,研究了施钼对滇重楼生长、养分元素含量和根茎总皂甙含量的影响。结果表明,与不施钼相比,施钼显著提高了滇重楼株高、光合速率、生物量和根茎产量,分别以0.4、0.2、0.4、0.2mg/kg处理最高。中低施钼水平（0.2、0.4mg/kg）下,叶和新根茎氮含量呈增加的趋势,高施钼水平（0.8mg/kg）可显著降低叶和新根茎氮含量;施钼降低了叶和新根茎中的磷含量,但增加了地上茎中的磷含量;施钼增加了叶中钾含量,但降低了茎中钾含量。各施钼处理叶、地上茎、新根茎中钼含量均显著高于不施钼处理;随施钼水平的增加,各部位钼含量呈先增加后降低的趋势。与不施钼相比,各施钼处理新根茎中总皂甙含量显著增加,以Mo 0.8 mg/kg处理最高。综合考虑滇重楼生长、药用部位生物量累积、钼和总皂甙含量,本试验条件下,以施Mo 0.2～0.4 mg/kg较为适宜。     

低温对缺钼冬小麦幼苗生长的影响 II.对氮代谢的影响

对三叶一心的缺钼冬小麦进行 24h低温处理 (-5～0℃) ,了解其对氮代谢诸方面的影响。结果显示 ,缺钼对植株全氮含量基本无影响 ,但能明显影响氮在植株各部位的分配。常温下 ,供钼显著降低植株地上部全氮含量 ,但根部全氮量明显增加 ;低温条件下 ,供钼与不施钼处理的冬小麦根部全氮量无大差别 ;无论温度如何 ,施钼与否 ,各处理地上部、根中可溶性蛋白含量均无显著差别。常温下 ,施钼显著提高地上部游离氨基酸含量 ,低温处理后 ,施钼和缺钼处理的植株地上部游离氨基酸含量均明显提高 ,且施钼处理显著高于缺钼处理。通过对硝酸还原酶活性的测定证实 ,常温下 ,钼对冬小麦体内硝酸还原酶活性无影响 ;在低温条件下 ,缺钼植株地上部、根中硝酸还原酶活性明显低于施钼植株 ,施钼植株硝酸还原酶活性能保持在较高水平。     

高产油菜营养吸收规律及施用氮磷钾对产量和品质的影响

１９８８￣１９９１年在河南油菜产区进行了该项试验。结果表明：每生产１００ｋｇ油菜籽需吸收Ｎ、Ｐ２Ｏ５、Ｋ２Ｏ分别为７．６、２．９、７．３ｋｇ，并表现为前期吸收氮肥多，后期吸磷钾高。氮、磷、钾运转率分别为５１．０％、６３．４％、２２．７％。在中等肥力地块，施氮增产２２．０％￣６０．２％，最佳施氮量为１５．６ｋｇ。单施氮、磷不如氮磷或氮磷钾配合施用效果好。施氮增加了粗蛋白含量，降低了粗脂肪含量，施磷、     

春小麦硅肥效应的研究

春小麦盆钵试验结果表明，在土壤有效硅含量低于５１１。２ｍｇ／ｋｇ的供试土壤上，施用硅肥均表现没程度的增产，最高增产率达３２．８％。春小麦施硅后，植株全氮、全一钾含量均比对照增加，而锌、锰含量分别对照降低。植株体内二氧化硅含量与春小麦的生物及籽粒产量叶正相关。     

水分胁迫对玉米苗期膜损伤及有关酶活性的影响

水分胁迫下，３个测试的玉米杂交种（玉单３５８，南校８号，桂三２号）幼苗叶片束缚水含量（ＢＷＣ）有所提高，以玉单３５８的ＢＷＣ升幅最高。自由水含量（ＦＷＣ），总含水量ｔＴＷＣ）和叶片相对含水量（ＲＷＣ）均有所下降．下降水平为南校８号＞桂三２号＞玉单３５８。叶片可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量增长水平为玉单３５８＞桂三２号＞南校８号．膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）增加幅度和质膜相对透性大小为南校８号＞桂三２号＞玉单３５８．超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）等保护酶活性则为：玉单３５８＞桂三２号＞南校８号。上述结果表明，花粉植株杂交种玉单３５８的抗水分胁迫能力比桂三２号和南校８号强．     

磷锌配施对石灰性土壤磷锌有效性及小麦对其吸收分配的影响

针对磷锌在土壤-植物系统中复杂的交互作用,本文采用盆栽试验,研究了磷锌配施对石灰性土壤中磷锌有效性及小麦对其吸收分配的影响。结果表明,施锌明显增加了土壤中DTPA提取态锌含量,土壤中DTPA提取态锌含量随着施磷水平的提高逐渐增加;施磷明显增加了土壤中速效磷含量,在相同施磷水平下,土壤中速效磷含量随施锌量的增加而增加;施锌提高了小麦茎叶和籽粒锌含量,且在各施锌背景下随施磷量的增加明显地降低了小麦茎叶中锌含量,但提高了籽粒中锌含量。施磷提高了小麦茎叶和籽粒磷含量。在低磷水平(不施磷和施21.82 mg kg-1)时,施锌对茎叶中磷含量的提高作用明显,且随施锌浓度的提高而提高,但籽粒中磷含量逐渐降低;而在高磷水平(174.56 mg kg-1)下,施锌则降低了小麦植株茎叶中磷含量,而籽粒中磷含量却随施锌水平的提高而提高。因此,石灰性土壤中施磷肥提高了土壤中锌的有效性,而锌也提高了磷的有效性,同时发现施磷降低了小麦茎叶中锌含量,促进了锌元素从植株向籽粒的运输,增加了小麦籽粒中锌含量,但是在低磷条件下,施锌提高了茎叶磷含量,却降低了籽粒磷含量,而在高磷条件下,施锌降低了茎叶磷含量,提高了籽粒含量。     

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR FERTILIZATION ON YIELD COMPONENTS,SEED AND OIL YIELDS OF CANOLA

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) levels and their methods of application on canola. Branches plant^?1, pods plant^?1 and biological yield significantly increased with increase in nitrogen level and no significant increase in seed pod^?1 and seed and oil yields occurred beyond 120 kg N ha^?1. However, thousand seed weight consistently decreased with increasing level of nitrogen. Pods plant^?1 and biological yield continually increased with increase in sulfur level. Alternatively, significant increase in branches plant^?1, seed pod^?1, seed weight, seed and oil yields was noted with increase in sulfur level up to 40 kg ha^?1. Applications of sulfur and nitrogen in split significantly decreased seed yield as compared to sole applications. It is concluded that sulfur and nitrogen application as sole at the rate of 40 and 120 kg ha^?1, respectively performed better than the rest of their levels and method of application.     

INFLUENCE OF TWENTY-THREE ANNUAL APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR FERTILIZERS,AND ONE-TIME LIMING ON DRY MATTER YIELD OF GRASS AND SOME SOIL PROPERTIES ON A DARK GRAY CHERNOZEM SOIL

Most soils in the Prairie Provinces of Canada are deficient in plant-available nitrogen (N), and many soils in the Parkland region also contain insufficient amounts of plant-available sulfur (S) for high crop production. A field experiment with perennial grass stand was conducted to determine the effects of long-term annual N (112 kg N ha^?1), S (11 kg S ha^?1) and potassium (K) (40 kg K ha^?1) fertilization, and one-time lime application on forage dry matter yield (DMY) and soil properties [pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and N (TON), and light fraction organic C (LFOC) and N (LFON)] on a Dark Gray Chernozem (Boralfic Boroll) loam at Canwood in north-central Saskatchewan, Canada. The experiment had surface-broadcast annual treatments of no fertilizer (Nil), N, S, NS, and NSK fertilizers from 1980 to 2002, and one-time lime application in 1992 to bring soil pH to about 7. Application of N or S alone had only a little effect on DMY compared to unfertilized Nil treatment, while application of both NS together substantially increased DMY, and forage yield was further increased when K was also applied (NSK). The DMY following one-time liming was greater in limed plots than in unlimed plots for at least 10 years. Decline of soil pH by fertilization mainly happened in the 0–10 cm depth with N only, and in the 0–5 cm layer with NS treatment, whereas these treatments tended to increase soil pH in layers below 10 cm. One-time surface application of granular lime increased soil pH, mainly in the 0–5 cm layer, and the effect was maintained for at least 9 years. Mass of TOC, TON, LFOC, and LFON in different soil layers increased with combined applications of N and S fertilizers (NS), but the effect was much more pronounced in the 0–7.5 cm soil layer, and also varied with organic fraction. Light organic fractions were more responsive to applied NS than total organic fractions. The findings suggest that application of N and S together was effective in sustaining high forage yield and increasing C and N sequestration in a soil deficient in both N and S.     

长期免耕与施用有机肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响

通过设置在江苏省句容农科所的田间定位试验研究长期免耕及施用有机肥料对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响。结果表明 :经过 1 6年 32茬稻—麦水旱轮作后 ,表土层 ( 0～ 5cm)土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量比亚表层 ( 5～ 1 0cm)分别高 2 7.5 %、43.6%和1 1 %。与常规耕翻相比长期免耕处理表土层土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量分别增加了2 5 .4%和 45 .4% ,而微生物生物量磷无明显变化规律 ;亚表层的土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷免耕与耕翻两种耕作方式间的差异不显著。尽管各施肥处理施用的氮、磷、钾数量完全相等 ,但土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的含量却因肥料种类的不同而异。综合 0～ 5和 5～ 1 0cm土层 ,微生物生物量碳、磷为 :猪粪 化肥 >秸秆 化肥 >绿肥 化肥 >化肥 >不施肥 ,微生物生物量氮则为 :猪粪 化肥 >绿肥 化肥 >秸秆 化肥 >化肥 >不施肥。相关分析结果显示 ,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮与土壤有机碳、土壤全氮和土壤碱解氮之间均呈极显著的正相关 ,表明其与土壤肥力关系密切 ,可作为评价土壤肥力性状的生物学指标     

玻璃苗中纤维素、木素及元素含量变化的研究

本研究通过＾１４Ｃ－葡萄糖参与珠美海棠玻璃化发生过程中的代谢活动，测定了玻璃苗不同部位的纤维素和木素中的放射性活度，摸清了玻璃苗中纤维素和木素含量的分布状况及变化。利用中子活化分析技术测定了玻璃苗不同部位中的多种元素含量和分布状况及变化。结果表明，玻璃苗中纤维素和木素的合成速度比正常苗降低了１０．３８％，降解速度增加了１８．７６％，造成玻璃苗中纤维素和木素含量下降４３．６８％，玻璃苗不同部位中绝大     

微区作物种植条件下不同调控措施对土壤水盐动态的影响特征

本文研究了在试验微区内进行作物种植条件下不同调控措施对土壤表层20cm和土壤中层50cm处的电导率和0~120cm土壤水分的影响。分析了作物种植条件下土壤的水盐动态变化规律和引起变化的原因。综合考虑了灌溉水矿化度、灌水次数、灌水量,有机肥施用量及覆盖5种不同试验因素下,土壤水分和盐分在不同阶段的变化过程及机理的差异。得出试验因素影响因子对土壤水分盐分动态的作用及其调控机制;试验因子对土壤水盐动态的权重性分析和试验结果指标的综合因素分析;咸水或者边缘水质灌溉水利用过程中的土壤盐分动态与防盐调控机制,阐明了土壤水盐变化规律及其作用机理。     

光温条件与冬小麦干物质积累及粒重关系的研究

本试验通过遮光处理,使光照度、温度(最高、最低、日较差、地温)、湿度发生变化,干物质、粒重、茎、叶也相应发生了变化,从而进行了光温条件对干物质积累的效应分析.其结果:干物质的积累随光照度的增加而增加,呈直线正相关;提高温度可提高光合作用强度,超过21℃时光合作用明显下降;日较差的大小与干物质积累无必然性的联系;地温与地上部干物质、粒重的积累呈极显著正相关;湿度增大,粒重下降,呈直线负相关.     

水肥状况对土壤剖面中锰的移动和水稻吸锰的影响

水旱轮作条件下水麦缺锰是四川冲积性水稻土上主要的养分胁迫问题,为了深入探讨这一问题,作者利用模拟土柱试验研究了不同水肥状况对四川两种典型冲积土中锰的迁移,转化及其对水稻吸锰的影响。     

氮锌复合作用对白三叶草根瘤生长发育和营养元素吸收的影响

采用砂培试验、中子活化和电子显微技术,研究了不同水平氮锌配施对白三叶草根瘤生长发育、营养元素吸收的影响。结果表明,随施氮水平增加,根瘤的数量、固氮酶活性、单瘤重量、细胞内类菌体数量、营养元素吸收量显著下降。与低锌条件(0.1μmol Zn/L)相比,足量锌(2.0μmol Zn/L)显著增加了根瘤的数量、单瘤重量、固氮酶活性、营养元素吸收量和细胞内类菌体数量。与其他处理相比较,低氮和足量锌处理(5mmol N/L、2.0μmol Zn/L)显著增加了根瘤的数量、单瘤重量、固氮酶活性、营养元素吸收量和细胞内类菌体数量。     

EFFECT OF ZINC NUTRITION ON GROWTH,YIELD, AND QUALITY OF FORAGE SORGHUM IN RESPECT WITH INCREASING POTASSIUM APPLICATION RATES

A two-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of two zinc (Zn) levels [0 and 10 kg zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) ha^?1] in respect with four potassium (K) levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K₂O ha^?1) on growth, yield and quality of forage sorghum. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand (Inceptisol), carrying 70, 08, 77, and 0.51 mg nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K, and Zn kg^?1 soil, respectively. Increasing K levels significantly improved most of the growth, yield, and quality attributes gradually irrespective of the Zn levels. Zinc applied at 10 kg ZnSO₄ ha^?1 proved significantly better than no zinc application at various K application rates. The benefit of zinc application increased progressively with increasing K rates for most of the parameters studied, indicating significant response of the crop to positive K × Zn interaction in plants in respect with K and Zn application to the soil. Accordingly, 60 kg K₂O ha^?1 applied with10 kg ZnSO₄ ha^?1 boosted most of the attributes maximally. It resulted in about 20–40% increase in growth attributes, 25% increase in fresh matter yield, 36–38% increase in dry matter yield, and 38% increase in protein yield compared to the comparable K level applied without zinc. It also enhanced N uptake by 38%, P uptake by 5–19%, K uptake by 40–42%, and Zn uptake by 114–144%. Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO₄ surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield.     

盐钙胁迫下大白菜干烧心病的发生及矿质营养分配

以大白菜抗、感干烧心病自交系(C8、651A)及其杂交种F1代(651AXC8,C8X651A)为试验材料,进行无钙营养液和100mmol.L-1NaCl处理,20d后调查植株的矿质元素含量、干重和发病率。结果表明,苗期营养液无钙处理比根际盐胁迫更容易导致大白菜干烧心病的发生,无钙处理下651A的发病率显著高于盐胁迫处理,且叶柄和叶片中钙含量与干烧心病发生正相关,正反交均能提高品种抗性。盐钙处理均抑制了氮磷钙的吸收,盐处理下品系651A叶片的氮、磷、钙吸收抑制率分别为25.43%、22.00%、31.18%;无钙处理使叶柄中钾镁含量显著增加,651A叶柄中钾镁含量分别比对照增加51.00%和12.08%;抗病品系651A和正反交F1代的钙钠含量均显著高于感病品系C8。