亚麻播种量与施肥量研究

本文介绍了在当地生产条件下亚麻栽培三个关键要素,即播种量、复合肥磷酸二铵和尿素用量与亚麻原茎产量、种子产量和经济效益之间的关系.筛选出666.7 m2播种量160万粒,磷酸二铵施用10kg,尿素施用10kg的最佳方案,其原茎产量、种子产量最高、经济效益最好,在本试验中均处于最优水平.     

密度和播期对六安地区亚麻生育期和产量的影响

试验研究表明,地处江淮的六安地区完全可以种植纤维亚麻,原茎产量以黑亚14号在播种量120kg/hm^2水平下最高,种子产量则以阿里安在播种量60kg/hm^2水平下为宜.而播期只对亚麻各生育时期的生长速度有影响,对原茎和种子的产量影响不大.     

密度和播期对六安地区亚麻生育期和产量的影响

试验研究表明,地处江淮的六安地区完全可以种植纤维亚麻,原茎产量以黑亚14号在播种量120kg/hm2水平下最高,种子产量则以阿里安在播种量60kg/hm2水平下为宜.而播期只对亚麻各生育时期的生长速度有影响,对原茎和种子的产量影响不大.     

叶面喷施富利硼对亚麻产质量的影响初报

肥料均衡供应和提高施肥技术对亚麻的产量和效益影响较大。试验表明：亚麻叶面施用富利硼后，长势旺盛，每株蒴果数增加0．7个，千粒重增加0．4克。亚麻原茎产量有所增加，亚麻种子产量增幅较大，平均在11％以上。亚麻株高、茎粗、工艺长度和长麻率等性状变化不大。经济效益明显，每公顷净增效益平均为105．38元。     

浙江亚麻留种高产栽培技术研究

通过对浙江省冬闲田亚麻进行不同品种、播种量、播种方式和肥料用量的四因素正交高产栽培试验表明,影响原茎产量高低的因素为播种量＞播种方式＞肥料用量＞品种,经分析以品种阿里安、播种量4.0kg/666.7m2,撒播和肥料用量N-5.0kg/666.7m2、P2O5-7.5kg/666.7m2及K2O-10.0kg/666.7m2的原茎产量最高.影响种子产量高低的因素为品种＞播种方式＞肥料用量＞播种量,经分析以品种阿里安、播种量3.0kg/666.7m2、撒播和肥料用量N-5.0kg/666.7m2、P2O5-7.5kg/666.7m2及K2O-10.0kg/666.7m2的种子产量最高.     

浙江亚麻留种高产栽培技术研究

通过对浙江省冬闲田亚麻进行不同品种、播种量、播种方式和肥料用量的四因素正交高产栽培试验表明,影响原茎产量高低的因素为播种量>播种方式>肥料用量>品种,经分析以品种阿里安、播种量4.0kg/666.7m2,撒播和肥料用量N-5.0kg/666.7m2、P2O5-7.5kg/666.7m2及K2O-10.0kg/666.7m2的原茎产量最高。影响种子产量高低的因素为品种>播种方式>肥料用量>播种量,经分析以品种阿里安、播种量3.0kg/666.7m2、撒播和肥料用量N-5.0kg/666.7m2、P2O5-7.5kg/666.7m2及K2O-10.0kg/666.7m2的种子产量最高。     

叶面喷施富利硼对亚麻产质量的影响初报

肥料均衡供应和提高施肥技术对亚麻的产量和效益影响较大.试验表明亚麻叶面施用富利硼后,长势旺盛,每株蒴果数增加 0.7个,千粒重增加 0.4克.亚麻原茎产量有所增加,亚麻种子产量增幅较大,平均在 11%以上.亚麻株高、茎粗、工艺长度和长麻率等性状变化不大.经济效益明显,每公顷净增效益平均为 105.38元.     

白粉病对亚麻原茎和种子产量、质量的影响

2004-2006年通过对宾川县亚麻白粉病发病的6个级别进行多点取样调查的结果表明。白粉病发病程度对亚麻经济性状和产量、质量的影响较大。随着发病程度的上升，亚麻株高、工艺长度、单株重、千粒重相应下降，原茎色泽逐渐变差，1级、2级和3级优质原茎比例逐渐下降，严重影响亚麻原茎产量、质量、原茎均价及种子产量的提高，降低了亚麻的综合经济效益。     

不同氮肥水平对亚麻植株性状及原茎产量的影响

通过田间试验,对不同氮肥水平对亚麻主要性状和产量的影响进行分析。结果表明,氮肥的施用量与株高、工艺长度、茎粗和单株茎重呈显著正相关,增施氮肥可以有效促进亚麻株高、工艺长度、茎粗和单株茎重的生长发育,从而提高亚麻原茎产量。在新疆亚麻主产区每666.7 m2施用N 3 kg可以保证较高的原茎产量和最高的纤维含量。     

白粉病对亚麻原茎和种子产量、质量的影响

2004-2006年通过对宾川县亚麻白粉病发病的6个级别进行多点取样调查的结果表明,白粉病发病程度对亚麻经济性状和产量、质量的影响较大。随着发病程度的上升,亚麻株高、工艺长度、单株重、千粒重相应下降,原茎色泽逐渐变差,1级、2级和3级优质原茎比例逐渐下降,严重影响亚麻原茎产量、质量、原茎均价及种子产量的提高,降低了亚麻的综合经济效益。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Changes in daily rainfall characteristics in major rice producing provinces in Laos

In order to find the changes in rainfall characteristics and to examine the flood damage to lowland rice, a statistical analysis was carried out on the 40-year daily rainfall record at four rainfall stations (Thangon, Paksane, Seno, and Pakse) in Laos. The rainfall record was divided into two periods of 20 years each. The results of this analysis revealed the trends in changes regarding the frequency and the timing of the heavy daily rainfall events at the four stations. In Paksane in particular, heavy daily rainfall events tended to occur in the latter half of the rainy season.     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

Sugar and dry matter changes in potatoes overwintered in soil in Greece

Summary Potatoes were left in the soil from December, when the vines died, until February (cvs Claustar and Sebago) or April (cv. Spunta) in a location of central Greece with light, well drained soils and a mild climate. Tubers were analysed every two months for dry matter and sugar content and usually the dry matter content did not change significantly from December to February or April. The reducing sugars increased from December to February in tubers of all cultivars and significantly decreased in cv. Spunta from February to April.     

中国马铃薯单倍体诱导进展

马铃薯产量、品质、加工等方面都较其他作物有更大的提升空间,但由于四倍体马铃薯存在遗传基础狭窄且复杂、难以创新等诸多问题阻碍了相关研究的深入开展。利用马铃薯单倍体或双单倍体植株有望解决上述诸多难题。马铃薯单倍体具有加速育种过程、提高选择效率等优点。马铃薯单倍体的获得包括花药培养、花粉培养、孤雌生殖、子房培养。其中,花药培养因更易取材,并且得到胚性细胞团、愈伤组织或胚状体的几率更大等优点而研究最为广泛。获得单倍体植株的成功率与试验材料的基因型、培养条件、培养基添加物等诸多因素相关。根据不同的诱导方法简要阐述了中国马铃薯单倍体研究的历史及进展。