东北细辛的栽培技术

细辛为名贵中草药.本文从良种选育、栽培地选择、整地、播种、田间管理、采收等方面介绍了东北细辛的栽培技术.     

东北细辛栽培技术

介绍了东北细辛植物学特性和生物学特性,并对栽培技术、田间管理、病虫害防治与采收加工等技术环节进行了阐述。     

东北细辛林下人工栽培技术

东北细辛(Manchurian wildginger)别名北细辛、辽细辛,马兜铃科细辛属多年生草本,干燥全草入药。有祛风散寒、通窍止痛、温肺化痰作用。分布于东北及山东、山西、河南、陕西省等地。生于山林下、山间阴湿草丛中;有栽培。中国约有35种,如细辛、北细辛等。因其地上部分马兜铃酸含量过高,而     

东方肉穗草林下栽培技术

东方肉穗草(Sarcopyramis bodinieri)，又名肉穗草、楮头红、风鼓斗草(闽南地区)，属野牡丹科肉穗草属植物。在我国主要分布于四川、云南、广西、广东、江西、台湾、福建等地。东方肉穗草全草可药用，具有清热解毒、清肝泻火之效，是治疗急性肝炎、肺热咳嗽、蛇头疔、无名肿毒、胃肠炎等疾病的珍稀名贵中草药。由于多年来对野生东方肉穗草的大肆掠夺，连年采挖，只采不育，加上生态环境的破坏，野生东方肉穗草资源日益枯竭。笔者从1998年起对东方肉穗草进行了林下栽培技术试验，取得了良好的效果，净收益2．7万～4．2万元／hm^2。     

辽细辛林下栽培实用技术

辽细辛以根入药,具有很高的药用价值。作为东北地区林下经济的一项产业,辽细辛具有较高经济效益和社会效益,为山区农民创造出一条致富道路。该文简要介绍了辽细辛的形态学和生物学特征,从整地、种子选择及处理、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治和采收等方面,详细阐述了辽细辛林下栽培技术。     

落叶松下细辛栽培技术

细辛是辽宁省及东北地区地道中草药材,价格及效益较高。栽种于无林坡地与植树造林间地上,栽种于落叶松林下可实现造林、药材双丰收。需严格选择坡向、坡位、土壤,细致整地做床。6月下旬至7月上旬播种,条播或撒播于床上,覆土厚1 cm。播种苗第三年移植,行株距20×7(cm)。搞好播种、移植后除草、追肥,防治病虫,调整郁闭度等管理,经6~7 a生长即可采收。     

茯苓的高产栽培技术

1　茯苓的价值与特性茯苓为多孔菌科茯苓菌的地下菌核。别名有 :杜茯苓、野苓、不死面、云苓、卉苓。茯苓是一种大型药用菇 ,约有 80 %的中医处理都用茯苓。功效有 :利尿、安神、平心律、健脾胃 ,治小儿伤风、咳嗽、眩晕等病症 ,并可供食品工业用。茯苓受到特殊的礼遇是因为它有丰富的营养 ,含有大量的多糖、多种微量元素、卵磷脂等。多糖主要是茯苓聚糖、葡萄糖、果糖等。用化学方法使茯苓聚糖转变为茯苓多糖后 ,对小白鼠癌变有明显的抑制作用。茯苓植株是由菌丝体、菌核、子实体 3部分组成的真菌。菌丝体是茯苓的营养器官 ,幼嫩呈白色绒毛…     

猪苓林下栽培技术初报

猪苓（Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｒｕｓｕｍｂｅｌｌａｔｕｓ）菌核属多孔菌种 ,菌核体成不规则的块状 ,表面凸凹不平 ,表皮呈棕红色和黑色 ,新生组织成白色 ,断面黄白色。别名 :野猪屎、野猪粪。它的地下部分生长形式同姜类块茎相似 ,菌核半木质化 ;担子果丛生于埋於地下的菌核上。菌盖肉质 ,圆形 ,径１～３ｃｍ ,中部脐状 ;近白色至淡褐色 ,无环纹 ,边缘薄而锐、常内卷 ,干后变硬。菌柄往往于基部相连或有大量分枝 ,形成丛生的菌盖 ;菌柄与盖颜色相同。全丛径约１５ｃｍ。它的生境多在林内、林缘、灌丛、采伐迹地等处的壳斗科树木根部或柳属、槭属树种…     

林下香菇反季节栽培技术

随着国家各项退耕还林政策的出台，人们退耕还林的意识在不断增强，栽培的杨树丰产林面积不断增长。东港区现有杨树丰产林面积达3000hm^2，在林下反季节栽培香菇，收到了很好的效果。现将该项技术总结如下：     

玄参林下栽培技术

玄参,是玄参科多年生草本植物,以根入药.但野生玄参资源已日渐枯竭.祁门县2001年对玄参进行林下栽培试验,并取得了良好的效果.     

北方杏鲍菇栽培技术

杏鲍菇 (Pleurotus eryngii)又名雪茸。是一种品质优良的大型肉质伞菌。杏鲍菇具有菌肉肥厚，质地脆嫩，味道鲜美，堪称“平菇之王”。营养丰富，寡糖含量高，有整肠美容的效果。可适合保鲜或干制、倍受消费者青睐，市场前景看好，现将其生物特性及栽培技术介绍如下。 1生物学特性 1． 1温度：温度是决定杏鲍菇栽培成败及产量高低的关键。菌丝生长最适温度 23～ 25℃，子实体生长最适温度为 12～ 18℃，低于 8℃不会现原基，高于 20℃以上容易出现畸形菇。 1． 2湿度：菌丝生长培养料含水量 60％～ 65％为宜，子实体形成阶段相对湿度要求 9…     

Soluble organic nitrogen in forest soils of northeast China

Soluble organic nitrogen (SON) is recognized as a sensitive indicator of soil nitrogen status. The present work was conducted in the temperate forests of northeast China where soils are typically characterized by high organic matter and high organic nitrogen content, and soil sampling was made in early spring just after the freeze-thaw period. The water extracted SON pools in the organic layer of forest soils were measured within the range from 156.0 mg·kg-1 to 292.6 mg·kg-1, a similar magnitude of salt solution extracted SON pools reported in literatures. However, the water soluble SON pools in 0-15 cm mineral soils in present study were much higher (3-10 times) than any other reports, ranging from 58.6 mg·kg-1 to 125.2 mg·kg-1. Water soluble SON varied markedly among the soils under different forests and at different sites. The SON in water extracts were positively and significantly correlated to soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents, but negatively correlated to microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). The reasons of the abnormally large SON pools and the negative correlations between SON and MBN in the 0-15cm mineral soils in this study were specially discussed.     

东北林区天然林可持续经营

天然林可持续经营是现代世界林业发展的一个重要的研究课题。文章分析了东北林区可持续经营存在的问题,提出了天然林可持续经营技术。     

Modeling individual-tree growth in stands under forest conversion in East Germany

One major result of forest conversion in Saxony, East Germany, is the increasing importance of two-storied stands composed of a conifer canopy and a deciduous-tree understory. To enhance the applicability of the growth and yield simulator BWINPro under these conditions, three of its major sub-models were adapted to the regional growing conditions and to the relatively high level of diversity in spatial structure, mixture of species, and age variability typical for forests in conversion: (1) A new module for simulating single-tree juvenile growth was developed for European beech and Common oak under canopies of Norway spruce and Scots pine. Predictions in this sub-model are derived from individual height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and the influences of horizontal and vertical competition; (2) An alternative distance-dependent competition index was introduced to estimate individual basal area increment according to tree-specific growing conditions; (3) A modified logistic mortality model was parameterized for the most important Saxon species based on tree dimensions and basal area increment. Data came from permanent sample plots distributed throughout the region and from three chronosequence plot series established specifically for obtaining model input data. The new components were included into the existing structure of BWINPro. As a result of the adaption, the regional version BWINPro-S provides enhanced opportunities of planning and management for forest conversion and for multi-storied stands.     

Stemflow determination in forest stands

A stemflow measurement technique is described, based on: (1) correlations between stemflow volume and tree diameters at breast height (DBH), determined on the basis of a relatively low number of tree samplings; (2) the distribution of trees in the stand relative to their DBH. Stemflow for trees in a stand (mm) can thus be determined from total rainfall (mm). The results were compared to those obtained with two other stemflow determination techniques. The proposed method was found to be more reliable, precise and easier to apply than the standard methods.     

北方香菇松树林下栽培技术

近年来,香菇生产规模日益扩大,栽培的方式多种多样,为了节省土地,降低生产成本,利用现有的松林空闲地,进行了香菇栽培的试验,现将松树林下栽培香菇技术介绍如下。 1 菇场选择:菇地选择在牡丹江市郊三道关的人造松林中,松树平均密度3m×3m,树龄20~30年,树高10~15m,表层土质为沙地坡土,地表杂草丛生。 2 栽培季节:牡丹江市一般3月初做原种,4月初做栽培袋。6~7月份出菇。各地可根据出菇时间确定做栽培袋的时间。 3 选择优良品种:采用汉香L266品种,该品种引自武汉新宇食用菌研究所。该菇种系袋料花菇新品种。出菇温度7~26℃,以15~20℃最适,…     

细辛栽培技术

细辛(Asarum heterotropoides Fr.),广泛分布于小兴安岭,其喜冷凉气候和阴湿环境,多生于林下荫湿处或山沟腐殖质厚的湿润土壤中,喜土质疏松、肥沃的壤土或砂质壤土。通过总结多年的栽培实践经验,从6个方面介绍了细辛的培育技术。     

龙牙楤木经济林培育技术

龙牙楤木作为食药兼优的野生经济植物，是我国东北林区特产的“绿色食品”和“保健食品”。随着市场需求量不断增加，仅靠现有的野生资源也远不能满足社会需求，针对这一矛盾，黑龙江省林副特产研究所历经20多年对龙牙楤木进行了生物学特性、生态学特性、苗木繁殖方法、经济林营造模式、丰产栽培、病虫害防治技术一系列的试验研究，大规模培育优质壮苗，营造不同模式的优质高效龙牙楤木经济林，提高单位面积上总体产量，形成基地化、规范化、产业化，降低生产成本，取得了良好的效果。研究总结出高效经济林营建技术模式。     

刺五加林冠下栽培技术

本文从林地选择、硬枝扦插育苗、移栽和田间管理、采收四个方面介绍了刺五加林冠下栽培技术.