辽宁绒山辜主要经济性状表型相关及其在选育中应用的研究

本研究取材于辽宁省绒山羊种场的１０４只种母羊和２１只种公羊，确定了体重、绒长、产绒量、细度、净绒率和净绒量６个经济性状。按统计方法计算出各性状的均数、标准差及性状间的相关系数，其中净绒量与其它性状间除了公羊与本重、细度外，均具有显著或极显著的相关关系。     

辽宁绒山羊主要经济性状的典型相关分析

本研究取材于辽宁省绒山羊原种场的114只成年母羊3年的育种资料，确定了产绒量、细度、长度、净绒率、净绒量、体重等6个经济性状，划分为3组，即产量性状、绒品质性状和体重性状，运用典型相关分析方法，对3组性状间的关系进行了研究，同时，对典型相关与简单相关进行了比较。结果表明，产量性状与品质性状 体重性状的相关是由净绒量与长度、净绒量与细度、净绒率与长度相关引起的；产量性状与品质性状的相关是由净绒量与细度和产绒量与长度相关引起的；产量性状与体重性状的相关是由产绒量与体重相关引起的。典型相关揭示出性状间的相关实质，更能综合地反映两组变量间的整体相关关系。     

内蒙古白绒山羊育种及应用研究现状

采用一些现代育种技术,使内蒙白绒山羊生产性能大幅度提高,据内蒙古白绒山羊种羊场建场时成年公羊平均产绒量365.19 g,成年母羊270.28 g,绒纤维长公母分别为5.42 cm、4.28 cm,细度14.5 μm,净绒率65%;现在内蒙古白绒山羊种羊场成年公羊平均产绒量924.38 g,最高个体产绒量1 980 g,绒自然长度7.55 cm,绒细度15.15 μm,成年母羊平均产绒量700.08 g,最高个体产绒量1 600 g,绒自然长度6.15 cm,绒细度14.95 μm,净绒率65.76%;母羊产羔率达到145%.为今后内蒙古白绒山羊的优化选育奠定了坚实的基础.     

饲养辽宁绒山羊效益分析

辽宁绒山羊具有产绒量高、净绒率高,绒纤维长,粗细度适中,体型大,遗传性能稳定和改良低产山羊效果显著等特点,被誉为国宝,是我国重点畜禽资源保护品种,也是我国政府规定禁止出境的几个品种之一,现己推广全国十几个省市,在各地普遍保持着产绒量高的特点,与当地山羊杂交也同样收到明显改良效果,提高了产绒量,经济效益显著,受到各地农牧民欢迎,为全国绒山羊业的发展做出了重要贡献。辽宁绒山羊绒毛全白色,体质健壮,成年公羊体重一般在70～90kg,成年母羊体重一般在40～60kg,净肉率为35%,产绒量高,成年公羊每年产绒约0.6～1.85kg,成年母羊产绒量…     

陇东绒山羊专门化品系培育效果与分析

为了进一步培育优质高产陇东绒山羊群体,利用引进的绒细型和绒长型种公羊进行分区域杂交改良和品系繁育,培育出适宜陇东干旱半干旱自然生态条件的陇东绒山羊专门化品系。培育结果表明:绒细型特一级成年公母羊平均产绒量分别为601.67g和465.76g,体重分别为36.16kg和29.31kg,羊绒细度分别为14.49μm和14.25μm;绒长型特一级成年公母羊平均产绒量分别为626.49g和506.37g,体重分别为37.74kg和29.65kg,羊绒细度分别为15.02μm和14.82μm。同时利用微卫星DNA技术研究了9对基因座位在陇东绒山羊群体中的遗传多样性,通过标记多态性与生产性状的最小二乘线性模型,进行了分子标记与经济性状的相关分析,并在这些位点上找到经济性状优势基因型以及对相应性状具有正效应或负效应的等位基因。     

陇东绒山羊主要体尺与产绒性能关系的测定分析

试验测定陇东绒山羊主要体尺、体重及产绒量,并做了相关回归分析。结果表明,成年公羊体长、体重、绒长与产绒量呈中等正相关(r为0.5112、0.5876、0.5434),相关关系均极显著(P<0.01),胸围与产绒量呈弱正相关(r为0.2765),相关关系显著(P<0.05);角间距与产绒量呈弱负相关(r为-0.2291),相关关系不显著(P>0.05)。成年母羊体重、绒长与产绒量呈中等正相关(r分别为0.3079、0.4968),相关关系均极显著(P<0.01);胸围与产绒量呈弱正相关(r为0.2136),相关关系极显著(P<0.01);角间距与产绒量呈弱负相关(r为-0.218),相关关系显著(P<0.05);体长与产绒量呈弱正相关(r为0.1407),相关关系显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,注重选择绒山羊的绒长、体长、体重及胸围等经济性状,可以提高产绒量。     

柴达木绒山羊选育效果分析

对柴达木绒山羊的选育效果进行了分析,结果表明,选育后的柴达木绒山羊成年公、母羊产绒量分别提高50g和40g（P〈0.01）,体重分别增长4.49kg（P〈0.01）和1.47kg（P〈0.05）,生产性能明显提高。但在产绒量不断提高同时,绒纤维细度变粗趋势已经显现,种公羊的绒纤维细度增加0.7μm（P〈0.01）。     

南疆绒山羊表型性状的相关性分析

按照不同的年龄阶段、不同性别的绒山羊,进行产绒量、体重的现场测定,采取相同羊号的毛样,利用奥迭2.0光学纤维直径分析仪,对羊毛细度进行测定,分析南疆绒山羊主要经济表型性状的相关性.结果表明:成年母羊取样56只,绒产量与细度呈现正相关差异极显著(P<0.01);体重与细度呈现正相关,差异不显著;体重与绒产量呈现负相关差异不显著.育成母羊取样81只,产绒量与细度呈现正相关,差异显著(P<0.05);体重与细度呈现正相关,绒产量与体重呈现正相关,差异都不显著.2～3周岁公羊取样22只,绒产量与细度呈现正相关,差异显著(P<0.05),体重与细度呈现正相关,绒产量与体重呈现正相关,差异都不显著.4～6周岁公羊取样21只,绒产量与细度呈现弱的正相关,体重与细度呈现负相关,绒产量与体重呈现正相关,差异都不显著.     

南疆绒山羊表型性状的相关性分析

按照不同的年龄阶段、不同性别的绒山羊,进行产绒量、体重的现场测定,采取相同羊号的毛样,利用奥达2.0光学纤维直径分析仪,对羊毛细度进行测定,分析南疆绒山羊主要经济表型性状的相关性。结果表明:成年母羊取样56只,绒产量与细度呈现正相关差异极显著(P<0.01);体重与细度呈现正相关,差异不显著;体重与绒产量呈现负相关差异不显著。育成母羊取样81只,产绒量与细度呈现正相关,差异显著(P<0.05);体重与细度呈现正相关,绒产量与体重呈现正相关,差异都不显著。2~3周岁公羊取样22只,绒产量与细度呈现正相关,差异显著(P<0.05),体重与细度呈现正相关,绒产量与体重呈现正相关,差异都不显著。4~6周岁公羊取样21只,绒产量与细度呈现弱的正相关,体重与细度呈现负相关,绒产量与体重呈现正相关,差异都不显著。     

西藏绒山羊本品种选育效果研究

针对西藏绒山羊种质下降、个体明显变小、产绒量相对较低等突出问题,选择产绒量高和体重大的西藏绒山羊公羊对第一核心群和第二核心群进行本品种选育,测量核心群的生长性状和绒品质指标来检验其选育效果。结果表明:选育后代在羊绒品质保持优质的情况下,对第一核心群选育后,周岁及2岁公母羊的产绒量极显著提高(P<0.01),增长率从11.88%¹8.00%;对第二核心群选育后,体高、体长、胸围、体重等重要体尺指标均高于选育前,而日土县2岁公羊选育后体重增长尤其明显(P<0.05)。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.