共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
<正>BLUP法是数理统计在遗传学上的应用,基于线性代数和数理统计模型方法。对于BLUP法估计育种值模型可以分为公畜模型、公畜-母畜模型、外祖父模型、动物模型及简化动物模型,其中公畜模型未能对影响后代的母畜效应进行有效的计算,在同质选配过程中会对公畜效应的预测带来一定的偏差,同时也不能预测后代的个体效应;公畜-母畜模型也不能预测后代个体效应,而外祖父模型适用于种公牛评定,缺点也 相似文献
4.
奶牛体型线性性状的动物模型遗传评估 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
本文利用北京市7个奶牛场的奶牛体型线性评定资料,累计收集了4年共1647头母牛的15个线性性状数据,采用最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP,Best Linear Unbiased Prediction)方法,配合个体动物模型(AM,Animal Model),估计了胎次、泌乳月、鉴定日期、奶牛场以及鉴定员等固定环境效应,并计算出了每头奶牛15个线性性状的个体育种值。鉴于奶牛体型线性评定方法在国内正处于推广应用阶段,而BLUP的动物模型方法目前在国内的研究应用也少见报道。本文通过将两者结合起来,估计动物个体的种用价值,结果表明奶牛体型线性评定以第三胎、第三个泌乳月效果较好。经济效益好的场队其牛群也较整齐。不同的鉴定日期、不同的鉴定员对评定结果也略有影响。最后,可以得到剔除固定效应并经过排序用于选择的奶牛个体育种值。处理分析表明效果比较理想,为推动我国的动物育种工作,建议今后在国内大力推广奶牛体型线性评定和动物模型BLUP评估相结合的育种方法和手段。 相似文献
5.
BLUP法是数理统计在遗传学上的应用,基于线性代数和数理统计模型方法。对于BLUP法估计育种值模型可以分为公畜模型、公畜一母畜模型、外祖父模型、动物模型及简化动物模型,其中公畜模型未能对影响后代的母畜效应进行有效的计算,在同质选配过程中会对公畜效应的预测带来一定的偏差,同时也不能预测后代的个体效应;公畜一母畜模型也不能预测后代个体效应,而外祖父模型适用于种公牛评定,缺点也与上述2种模型一样。因此根据实际情况,对宁乡猪进行育种值估计时采用动物模型,其一般形式为: 相似文献
6.
美国对奶牛生产性能和体型外貌性状的遗传评定采用的是动物模型计算方法,动物模型是计算预期传递力(PTA)最先进的方法。体型外貌性状的遗传评定由美国荷斯坦奶牛协会承担,生产性能的预期传递力、体细胞评分、生产年限和净价值(NetMerit)的计算则由美国农业部家畜改良计划实验室(USDA-AIPL)进行。动物模型的评定方法是根据动物个体与其它评定的个体的亲缘关系来进行的。动物个体本身、祖先和后代的信息,与被评定个体间的所有已知亲缘关系信息综合到一起,并利用了母系信息,包括母系祖先信息和母系后裔信息。在动物模型的遗… 相似文献
7.
动物模型BLUP法是一种先进的动物育种值估计方法,已广泛应用于畜禽的遗传评定中,本文主要介绍了其基本原理、特征、应用现状,并对其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
我们学习了逆矩阵并且知道了用伴随矩阵和初等变换法可以求一个可逆阵的逆矩阵。本文将在此基础上,介绍用分块求逆法、二阶矩阵的公式求逆法、利用解线性方程组等来求一个可逆矩阵的逆矩阵。 相似文献
13.
14.
Equine represents an attractive animal model for musculoskeletal tissue diseases, exhibiting much similarity to the injuries that occur in humans. Cell therapy and tissue bioengineering have been widely used as a therapeutic alternative by regenerative medicine in musculoskeletal diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce an acellular biomaterial of equine skeletal muscle and to evaluate its effectiveness in supporting the in vitro culture of equine induced pluripotency stem cells (iPSCs). Biceps femoris samples were frozen at −20°C for 4 days and incubated in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 5 mM EDTA + 50 mM Tris and 1% Triton X-100; the effectiveness of the decellularization was evaluated by the absence of remnant nuclei (histological and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole [DAPI] analysis), preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry) and organization of ECM ultrastructure (scanning electron microscopy). Decellularized samples were recellularized with iPSCs at the concentration of 50,000 cells/cm2 and cultured in vitro for 9 days, and the presence of the cells in the biomaterial was evaluated by histological analysis and presence of nuclei. Decellularized biomaterial showed absence of remnant nuclei and muscle fibers, as well as the preservation of ECM architecture, vascular network and proteins, laminin, fibronectin, elastin, collagen III and IV. After cellularization, iPSC nuclei were present at 9 days after incubation, indicating the decellularized biomaterial-supported iPSC survival. It is concluded that the ECM biomaterial produced from the decellularized equine skeletal muscle has potential for iPSC adhesion, representing a promising biomaterial for regenerative medicine in the therapy of musculoskeletal diseases. 相似文献
15.
Abigail L. Clutterbuck Pat Harris David Allaway Ali Mobasheri 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(1):27-38
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissue is constantly being remodelled to allow for growth and regeneration. Normal tissue maintenance requires the ECM components to be degraded and re-synthesised in relatively equal proportions. This degradation is facilitated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their proteolytic action is controlled primarily by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Both MMPs and TIMPs exist in a state of dynamic equilibrium, with a slight excess of one or the other depending on the need for either ECM breakdown or synthesis. Long-term disruption to this balance between MMPs and TIMPs will have pathological consequences.Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in a number of diseases in mammals, including the horse. Excess MMP activity can cause ECM destruction, as seen in the lamellar basement membrane in laminitis and the articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. Matrix metalloproteinase under-activity can potentially impede healing by preventing fibrinolysis in fibrotic conditions and the removal of scar tissue in wounds. Matrix metalloproteinases also degrade non-ECM proteins and regulate cell behaviour via the release of growth factors from the substrates they cleave, increasing the scope of their effects. This review looks at the involvement of MMPs in equine health and pathologies, whilst exploring the potential consequences of therapeutic intervention. 相似文献
16.
17.
Dennis E Brooks Franck J Ollivier 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2004,34(3):611-622
The primary objective of current treatment strategies for infectious keratitis is to sterilize the ulcer as rapidly as possible with topically administered antibiotics. Ulcerative processes can proceed in some cases, despite the absence of microbes, as a result of remaining corneal and tear film MMPs. Combining antibiotic therapy with MMP inhibitors can speed corneal healing, because MMPs play an important role in corneal ulceration and stromal liquefaction. MMPs from the rabbit, horse, and human being are inhibited by metal-binding agents EDTA, NAC, and doxycycline as well as by the serum antiprotease alpha2-macroglobulin. It is not yet certain which proteinase inhibitor has the most favorable therapeutic index for clinical use, although we prefer serum because of its effects on multiple types of proteinases. The MMP inhibitors do have significant therapeutic promise in the treatment of corneal ulceration. 相似文献
18.
M2蛋白是A型流感病毒所特有的一种结构保守的非糖基化的跨膜蛋白,主要在病毒脱壳时酸化病毒粒子的内部环境,在表面血凝素糖蛋白合成过程中作为质子通道调节高尔基体跨膜转移通道的pH.其核苷酸序列高度保守,几乎不发生变异.其25位~43位氨基酸多肽是金刚烷胺类抗流感病毒药物的作用靶位,氨基酸极小变异都可能导致流感病毒抗药性的产生.M2蛋白胞外区域的氨基酸残基多肽(M2e)的特异性抗体可以在感染流感病毒的动物血清中检测出来,将M2e与相关佐剂联合使用可极太的提高机体对流感病毒的免疫力,在病毒感染中起重要作用,是一种潜在的交叉保护性抗原,常被用来探索具有广谱性和持久性的流感"通用疫苗". 相似文献
19.
基质性质对底栖贝类的生长有重要影响。为了分析基质粒径大小对缀锦蛤生长的影响,将基质粒径分为大粒径、中粒径和小粒径3种类型,其粒径分别为:15目<大粒径≤30目,45目<中粒径≤60目,80目<小粒径≤100目,以及3种粒径的两两混合共计6种基质处理[细沙处理组、中砂处理组、粗砂处理组、细中沙(砂)处理组、细粗沙(砂)处理组和中粗砂处理组],养殖周期为9周。结果发现,大粒径的基质能较好地促进缀锦蛤的生长,而在致密的细沙粒径基质中,缀锦蛤几乎没有生长。这说明缀锦蛤的适宜生长基质类型为粗砂石。 相似文献
20.
基因组选择常用的评估方法GBLUP和ssGBLUP都涉及到基因组亲缘矩阵的求逆,而大规模矩阵求逆运算非常耗时。本研究以提高大型基因组亲缘矩阵求逆运算的效率为目的。本研究通过真实数据和模拟数据构建基因组亲缘矩阵,引入Intel MKL矩阵函数,以减少迭代次数(方法1)和重复分块(方法2)两种方式改良分块迭代求逆算法,编程实现算法并在台式电脑和服务器上测试计算时间。结果表明,利用方法1计算4 000×4 000的基因组亲缘矩阵逆矩阵时,与MKL库函数的加速比为0.898。而16 000×16 000矩阵的计算速度为MKL库函数的1.006倍。利用方法2计算4 000×4 000矩阵的运算速度是MKL库函数的1.084倍;而在更大型的128 000×128 000基因组亲缘矩阵求逆运算时,该方法与MKL直接求逆函数的加速比为1.805倍。相比于MKL直接求逆函数,改进后的两种方法在效率上有一定程度的提升。 相似文献