辽西半干旱区玉米螟重发的原因及综防措施

玉米螟为害作物很多,在农作物中主要为害玉米、高粱、谷子,其中以玉米受害最重,以幼虫蛀茎为害为主。玉米抽雄前,高粱、谷子出穗前主要为害心叶,以后随着作物生长发育,为害玉米的雄花序,雌穗花丝或直接为害雌穗,同时钻蛀玉米、高粱、谷子的茎秆,影响养分和水分的输送,造成穗部发育不全,籽粒灌浆不足或植株茎秆折断而减产,一般减产10％左右,可是由于各种原因,近几年玉米螟有重发现象,据多点调查,2007年玉米螟发生率为50．8％,2008年玉米螟发生率为65．2％,从调查看玉米螟已成为辽西半干旱玉米种植区的重要害虫,因此,必须重视对此虫的防治,并采取综合防治技术,积极促进粮食稳产、增产。     

玉米螟的发生危害及综合防治对策

玉米螟俗名玉米钻心虫,是全球性大害虫,食性杂,为害植物达200种以上,尤以玉米为最重。一般为害较轻年份,产量损失5％～10％,为害较重年份产量损失可达10％～20％,玉米螟不仅为害严重,而且防治困难。近年来,随着气候条件的变化、耕作制度的改变、玉米种植密度的加大、肥水条件的提高,玉米螟的危害日益加重。因此,我们对玉米螟的发生与防治进行了积极研究,探索出一套行之有效的玉米螟综合防治措施,将玉米螟的危害和玉米产量受到的损失降到最低程度。     

一代玉米螟的防治措施

玉米螟是全球性大害虫,食性杂,为害植物达200种以上,尤以玉米为最重。一般为害较轻年份,产量损失5%～10%,为害较重年份产量损失可达10%～20%,玉米螟不仅为害严重,而且防治困难。目前还没有一个非常理想的防治方法,只能通过综合防治来控制玉米螟的为害程度。玉米螟防治途径主要有三条:一是消灭玉米越冬虫源;二是消灭玉米螟成虫;三是消灭玉米螟田间幼虫。1　消灭玉米螟越冬虫源把玉米螟越冬幼虫消灭在越冬寄主之中,可收到事半功倍的效果。因为一头越冬幼虫羽化后雌蛾在田间可产卵10～20块,约300～600粒,故消灭越冬幼虫一对等于在田间消灭240～…     

抗虫棉田玉米螟的为害及防治

近年来 ,在农业结构调整中 ,随着玉米及麦、棉等间作面积的不断扩大 ,玉米螟对棉花的为害也日益严重 ,玉米螟已成为棉花的主要害虫。因此 ,棉田防治玉米螟已是当务之急。1为害症状1 .1对棉株的为害。玉米螟为害棉株时 ,幼虫先在嫩头下或上部叶片的叶柄基部或赘芽处蛀入 ,使嫩头或叶片凋萎下垂 ,有的被害嫩头和叶柄因蛀空而折断。1 .2对棉铃的为害。玉米螟幼虫常蛀入棉铃为害。为害时多在青铃中部钻入。幼铃被害后自然脱落 ,大棉铃受害后虽不脱落 ,但铃内纤维多被食去 ,同时蛀孔内外排有大量湿润的虫粪 ,易招致病菌的侵入感染而烂铃。2防治对…     

抗虫棉应注意防治玉米螟

玉米螟又叫玉米钻心虫,属鳞翅目螟蛾科。它的食性很杂,主要为害玉米,其次是高粱、谷子、棉花、向日葵等作物。自推广抗虫棉以来,笔者时常接到棉农反映棉株茎秆、果枝被棉铃虫蛀死的问题,经深入田间查看的结果是因玉米螟为害造成的。在冀、鲁、豫等省的不少地方,近年来都相继报道过玉米螟为害抗虫棉问题,而且玉米螟对抗虫棉的为害呈逐年上升趋势。为此,提醒广大棉农种植抗虫棉时,要注意防治玉米螟。1为害特点玉米螟的卵孵化出幼虫后,便从植株的幼嫩分杈处或叶腋间钻入棉花的主茎和果枝,造成棉株枯枝、断茎,甚至死亡。其幼虫还能吐丝下垂,随风…     

生态环境对玉米螟种群数量的影响

玉米螟食性很杂,能为害玉米、棉花等多种作物,但在田间玉米、棉花并存时趋食玉米。因此,玉米、棉花的分布面积,发育阶段,品种特征及生长状况的改变都会引起其种群数量的变动。生态环境对棉田玉米螟种群数量的影     

玉米对二代玉米螟抗性鉴定

玉米对二代玉米螟抗性鉴定李晓平，何富刚，颜范悦，王艳琴，辛万民，董文良（辽宁省农科院植保所１１０１６１）魏家彪（辽宁省抚顺市前甸农科站１１３１０３）亚洲玉米螟是为害玉米等作物的重要害虫，给农业生产造成很大损失，成为限制玉米稳产的重要因素之一。玉米螟在...     

自然条件下玉米新品种铁单12号的抗螟性

玉米螟是为害玉米的主要害虫之一，每年因玉米螟为害造成的产量损失约为１０％左右。近两年玉米螟为害有加重趋势，仅１９９７年，铁岭市因玉米螟为害造成的产量损失达２０％。而目前防螟措施均达不到理想的效果，因此选育抗螟玉米新品种已成为重要的育种目标。本试验在自然条件下对铁单１２号的抗螟虫性进行了鉴定。１　材料和方法１．１　试验材料铁单１２号、铁单１０号、铁单９号、掖单１３号共４个品种。１．２　试验设计试验设在铁岭市农业科学院试验地内，采用随机区组设计，３次重复，５行区，８ｍ行长，行距０．６ｍ，密度４５４５…     

高毒农药替代试验示范——6种不同药剂防治玉米螟药效试验

玉米螟是为害玉米的一种重要的蛀食性害虫,每年因其为害造成的经济损失在10％左右,大发生年将达到30％以上。海城地区玉米种植面积5．73万hm2,玉米螟发生面积5．73万hm2,占种植面积的100％;防治面积4万hm2,占发生面积的70％左右。近年来,     

东台市棉田玉米螟重发的原因及防治对策

东台市地处苏北沿海地区，常年种植棉花３．５万公顷左右，玉米２．５万公顷左右。玉米螟是东台市玉米和棉花上的主要害虫。１９８４年以前，其主要在玉米田为害，棉田虫卵量很少，为害较轻；自１９８５年开始，棉田玉米螟发生量急剧上升，尤其棉田３代玉米螟发生量大、为...     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.