Rockburst Hazard and Its Forcast and Treatments in Underground Engineering

Rockburst is a serious damage geologic hazard. According to the rockburst phenomenon in Erlangshan tunnel and the Jinping 2nd hydropower station and a large of rockburst data,this paper proposes that rockburst is a result that many factors synthesize. These factors include teconics ,epigenetic and superficial structure, wall-rock intensity, attitude of rocks, wall-rock state of stress, wall-rock deformation and underground engineering arrangement, etc. It is given that the mechanism of rockburst is a tension fracture damage under press.     

An Attribute Mathematical Model and Its Application in Predicting and Classifying Rockbursts

Based on attribute mathematical theory, an attribute recognition model to predict and classify rockbursts was established. Firstly, the main factors of rockburst, such as the maximum tangential stress of cavern walls σθ, uniaxial compressive strength σc, uniaxial tensile strength σt, and the elastic energy index of rockWet, were chosen for the analysis; and three factors, includingσθ/σc,σc/σt andWet, were chosen as the criterion indices for rockburst prediction in the proposed model. Secondly, attribute measurement functions were constructed to compute the attribute measurement of a single index. Thirdly, the index weight was determined by similar weights defined by similar figures. Finally, the possibility and classification of rockburst were recognized by the confidence criterion. A series of underground rock projects were assessed with the proposed model and method to verify the proposed model. The study indicates that the synthetic assessment results agree well with the practical records, and are coherent to those of the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model and the matter-elements model. Moreover, the proposed model was used to predict rockbursts of a hydropower station and Qinling Tunnel. The results are coherent to those of the synthetic evaluation method, such as artificial neural network and distance discriminant analysis method, and others. The research indicates that an attribute recognition model can predict and classify rockbursts in engineering projects deep underground and provides a new method in practice.     

转录组学及其在蔬菜学上应用研究进展

介绍了转录组学的主要技术方法及其原理,并对转录组学在蔬菜及其他植物上的应用做了分析。认为研究转录组学可克服蔬菜基因组数据匮乏的障碍,弄清楚蔬菜特定基因的结构及其在抗逆、抗病等过程中的作用。研究表明,当前转录组学方法主要基于杂交技术或者测序技术,代表性方法有基因芯片、SAGE(serial analysis of gene expression)、MPSS(massively parallel signature sequencing)、RNA-Seq(RNA-sequencing)等;转录组学可用于了解蔬菜抗逆、抗病分子机制,证明特定基因表达情况,但是如何快速测序以及科学分析成为制约其发展的瓶颈因素。因此,笔者认为转录组学在论证分子机制时需要谨慎,更需要借助蛋白组学、生物信息学等方法综合验证;但是,以转录组学为代表的前沿生物学理论应更多地应用于蔬菜学这门古老学科。     

红掌(Anthurium andraeanum)细胞工程研究进展及其在育种上的应用

红掌是一种重要的观花和观叶兼具的草本植物。植物离体培养技术已经成为红掌繁殖主要采用的方法,绝大部分品种可以通过组织培养实现再生,其推动了红掌细胞工程育种的发展。本综述总结了红掌细胞组织培养繁殖途径,包括直接获得无菌苗途径、愈伤组织诱导和不定芽再生途径、体细胞胚胎发生途径、原球茎和类原球茎途径、原生质体途径等方面的研究进展,及其花器官培养,多倍体诱导,物理化学诱变,遗传转化,体细胞无性系变异及筛选的研究在育种中的应用。并提出了红掌细胞工程研究当前存在的问题和以后的研究方向,以期为将来红掌的研究提供借鉴。     

优质稻的遗传育种与栽培研究进展

积极发展优质杂交稻,提高稻米品质是当前调整农业结构、增加农民收入、满足城乡人民生活需求的重大举措。长期以来, 杂交水稻的米质改良是水稻育种的难点和热点问题之一,水稻科技工作者在稻米品质方面作了大量的研究工作,并取得了一定进展。文章概括了优质稻在育种和栽培方面取得的进展,对稻米品质的遗传,优质品种的选育与育种方法,影响优质稻米的环境条件及栽培技术等几个方面进行了综述,并指出了存在的一些问题,为今后的优质稻研究提供有益的参考。     

Application and Research on Fuzzy Cluster with Sintering Quanlity

The sintering parameters, such as sinter trolley speed, stuff thickness and ignition temperature etc. have important influence on sinter section image character distribution, and the sinter chemical ingredient have complicated nolinear relation with sintering section image characters. The paper applied Mixed-F statistic analysis to determine the optimal class number of Fuzzy cluster of sintering section radiant image, and fuzzy partition entropy analysis to verify whether the class number is optimal. It is be proved that the algorithm is right and effective, and its application is helpful for the online forecasting sintering FeO range.     

DNA分子标记技术在烟草遗传育种中的应用

从种质资源研究、遗传图谱构建、基因定位及分子标记辅助选择等方面综述了DNA分子标记技术在烟草遗传育种中的应用,并分析了分子标记技术在烟草遗传育种研究中存在的问题及应用前景。     

超高压技术在食品加工中的应用与研究进展

应用超高压技术加工食品可以致死微生物,影响酶的活性,改变物质间的相互作用。对超高压技术发展的历史与现状及其在食品加工中的应用与研究进展作一阐述,并对超高压技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

information Asymmetry Theory and Its Application in the Project Management

This paper introduces the basic content of information asymmetry theory and comments on the theory of information asymmetries.It establishes an information model in project management and analyzes the phenomenon of information asymmetries between owner and contractor in the phase of bidding and fulfilling.It presents some countermeasures of resolving information asymmetries in the project management such as building information network,devising reasonable contract,reinforcing government' s guidance,strengthening the good faith,breeding intermediate agency,building the system of early risk warning and so on.     

辐照技术在果蔬贮藏保鲜中的应用研究进展

辐照保鲜技术是一种新型、绿色、便捷、高效、低能耗、去残留的保鲜技术,已广泛应用于果蔬贮藏保鲜领域,该技术可显著延长果蔬的贮藏期,延缓果蔬采后衰老,防止腐烂变质。笔者从辐照保鲜技术的基本原理、应用和存在问题三个方面进行阐述,并对其未来在果蔬贮藏领域中的应用前景进行展望。     

Nisin及其在食品工业中的应用研究进展

乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)是某些乳链球菌产生的一种活性多肽物质,是高效、无毒副作用的天然生物防腐剂,是目前世界上惟一允许使用在食品防腐上的抗菌素。综述了乳酸链球菌素的抑菌机理、溶解性、稳定性及其在食品工业中的应用研究进展。     

动物转基因技术在转基因牛中的研究进展

本研究综述了目前应用于转基因牛中原核显微注射法、体细胞克隆法、病毒载体法等传统动物转基因技术以及具有应用前景的ZFN技术、TALEN技术和iPS技术等。概述了20年来国内外转基因牛重要的研究进展,并就目前转基因牛在乳腺生物反应器、抗病育种、品种改良主要3个方面的应用进行了介绍。在此基础上,就目前转基因牛育种中存在的问题及今后发展趋势进行了讨论,以促进转基因牛研究的发展。     

New Progress of Research on Theory and Application of Superconductivity

This article introduces new progress of research on theory and application of superconductivity, especially for year 2001. In reconsidering superconductive microscopic mechanism, the evidence shows to exist for strong electron_phonon coupling in high_temperature superconductors. In exploring new superconductive materials,there mainly are MgB 2, P3HT and C60,etc.superconductive applications outlook both practical and potential seem good, expecially,such as energy resource,electric force,microwave telecommunication,computer,medical cave and various dectors,etc.     

水肥对小麦根系整体影响及其与地上部相关的研究

研究表明, 即使在50 cm土层以下出现干土层, 根长、根重及地上部干重都会随着干土层厚度的增加而呈降低趋势, 其中产量的反应更为敏感. 3m土层中存在50 cm干土层(50～100 cm), 就会使减产达到显著标准, 但根系等营养器官虽有差异都未达到显著水平. 研究还表明, 拔节期(雌雄原基分化)灌水较之起身期及孕穗期灌水, 对根长、根重     

DNA指纹用于杂交水稻种子纯度和真伪鉴定的研究进展

本文简要阐述了RAPD、RFLP、AFLP、SSR等几种主要的建立DNA指纹图谱的分子标记技术及其在杂交水稻种子纯度和真伪鉴定中的研究和应用情况,同时评述了这几种分子标记技术各自的优缺点,并就水稻DNA提取方法的改进、PCR扩增反应程序和反应体系的优化、扩增产物的检测以及DNA指纹在杂交稻种子纯度和真伪鉴定中的准确性等问题进行了讨论。DNA指纹在杂交水稻种子纯度和真伪鉴定中具有广阔的应用前景,关键是要建立一套完善的、标准化的技术体系,进一步简化实验操作程序,降低成本,真正做到简单快速、准确可靠,使DNA指纹能用于规模化、商业化的种子质量鉴定之中。     

短波紫外线在果蔬采后保鲜中的应用研究进展

综述了短波紫外线的作用原理和对果蔬采后品质、切分果蔬品质及微生物的作用效果与机理的研究现状,阐述了短波紫外线的安全性及未来在果蔬保鲜中的应用和机理研究发展方向,为短波紫外线在果蔬保鲜和安全控制中的研究与应用提供参考。     

镉胁迫对水稻的影响及其调控技术研究进展

为了防治稻田镉污染并为选育与栽培低镉积累水稻新品种提供参考,本研究综述了重金属元素镉(Cd)对水稻糙米与精米及营养器官镉含量、水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长、水稻根系生长与生理生化性状、水稻营养代谢、水稻生长发育与产量及米质、水稻细胞遗传等的影响;最后提出了水稻镉胁迫的调控措施和技术,如土壤调控技术、育种技术。     

蛋白质组学研究技术进展及其在烟草科学研究中的应用前景

随着蛋白质组学相关研究技术的飞速发展,蛋白质组学已成为后基因时代生命科学领域研究的热点。本文对蛋白质组学主要研究技术包括蛋白质的提取、分离、鉴定等技术进行了简要的概述,并对蛋白质组学技术在烟草科学研究上的应用前景进行了展望。