甘蔗组织培养与快速繁殖

介绍了甘蔗茎尖与愈伤组织培养技术,为甘蔗组织培养脱毒技术与快速繁殖提供参考。     

野百合组织培养与快速繁殖

野百合 ,俗称岩百合 ,属百合科百合属多年生草本鳞茎植物 ,在我市务川、道真及邻近几县山地均有生长 ,仅务川县境内年收购鲜百合就达 10余万ｋｇ。务川百合粉具有悠久的生产历史 ,早在清光绪年间 ,当地群众就开始利用百合这一野生资源 ,经传统工艺加工而成百合粉 ,共质纯白、松散 ,光滑细腻 ,久贮不变味。百合粉主要成分为 :淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪及多种生物碱。具有滋阴补阳、镇咳祛痰、除虑烦而清余热、安神定志等功效 ,是健身滋补佳品 ,市场前景广阔 ,但因产量较少 ,产品价格高 ,以及其食用、药用功效还鲜为人知 ,故其生产一直处于缓慢阶段…     

鸡蛋花组织培养与快速繁殖

以鸡蛋花幼嫩带芽茎段为外植体,通过对初代启动培养、增殖及生根培养方案的筛选,建立了鸡蛋花的组织培养和快速繁殖体系。结果表明,最适启动培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.02 mg/L,外植体诱导萌发率达83.33%;培养基为MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,培养基MS+6-BA 2.00 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L适宜继代增殖,30 d的增殖系数为8.73;生根最适培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L,生根率达98.1%。因此,本研究为鸡蛋花培养育苗与品种改良提供依据。     

麻栎的组织培养与快速繁殖

以麻栎幼苗茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究了不同种类和不同浓度生长调节物质对麻栎组织培养的影响。结果表明,芽诱导最佳培养基为MS+6-BA1.0 mg?L-1,培育21天左右,腋芽可长至1～2 cm,展叶3～4片,发芽率达83.3%;芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+6-BA1.0 mg?L-1+NAA0.02 mg?L-1,增殖系数为4.6;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.5 mg?L-1,培养4周后生根率可达87%。     

太子参组织培养与快速繁殖研究

以贵州省施秉县牛大场镇药材基地种植的太子参茎尖、茎段、种根、叶片为材料进行组织培养和快速繁殖研究,结果表明:茎尖和茎段较适合作为组培快繁的材料,初代培养的最适宜培养基为MS+ZT2.0 mg/L+NAA0.01～0.08mg/L+3.0%糖+1.2%琼脂;芽诱导率可达90%以上;增殖培养最适培养基为MS+ZT 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.01 mg/L+3.0%糖+1.2%琼脂,最高增殖倍数为10.5;壮苗生根培养基为MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+3.0%糖+1.2%琼脂,壮苗培养的同时产生根系和块根,省略了根诱导环节,极大的缩短的培养时间.当石英砂与泥土体积配比为1∶2时移栽存活率最高,达到90%.     

草莓组织培养与快速繁殖技术

以红颜草莓的匍匐茎尖为外植体,选择附加不同激素组合的MS培养基为诱芽培养基和继代培养基,以1/2MS为生根培养的基本培养基,对红颜草莓的组织培养及快繁进行研究。结果表明:草莓茎尖在MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L培养基上能很好地诱导不定芽形成,其诱导率高达80%;继代增殖培养基为MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L+IBA0.5 mg/L+IAA0.5 mg/L+GA1.0 mg/L时增殖系数较高;生根培养基为1/2MS+IAA0.5 mg/L时生根率可达99%,移栽至田间后,成活率高且匍匐茎繁殖能力强。     

药用植物田基黄的组织培养与快速繁殖

以田基黄为材料,应用组织培养和快速繁殖技术,对适于活血丹增殖分化的培养基、培养方式进行了系统的研究。试验是以田基黄的茎尖为外植体,采用MS为基本培养基,附加不同植物生长调节剂进行试验;结果表明采用MS＋6-BA3.0mg/L的培养基能成功地诱导愈伤组织的分化;MS＋6-BA2mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L能成功地诱导芽的分化,对于芽增殖,以此培养基也比较好;诱导生根以1/2MS＋NAA0.2mg/L培养基较好,培养20d后生根率可达90%以上。     

双边栝楼的组织培养与快速繁殖

双边栝楼具有较高的食用价值和药用价值,针对高品质籽用双边栝楼种苗市场供应严重不足的现状,研究双边栝楼的快繁技术体系具有重要意义。本研究选用优质、健壮皖楼20号带腋芽茎段为外植体,使用不同灭菌剂和灭菌方法,调节各时期激素种类与水平,以微型扦插的方式研究栝楼的无性快繁技术。结果表明,外植体的灭菌使用75%酒精30 s+无菌水冲洗2～3次+0.1%HgCl₂ 10 min+无菌水冲洗3～4次效果较好,其污染率为26.3%。交替灭菌的平均总污染率为35.7%,单一灭菌剂的平均总污染率为71%。因此,在实践中可以采取交替灭菌和多次灭菌相结合的方式,以达到灭除杂菌的目的。双边栝楼组织培养体系的建立,适宜芽初代诱导的培养基为：MS+6-BA 0.1 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L,茎段腋芽萌发率为79.4%;增殖培养基为：MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,增值系数为6.75;生根培养基为：MS+NAA 0.6 mg/L+IBA 0.6 mg/L,生根率为88.6%。炼苗移栽至混合蚯蚓土和育苗基质(1∶1)中,成活率高达86.7%,为实现籽用双边栝...     

香花槐的组织培养与快速繁殖

试验分别对香花槐的腋芽诱导,继代增值培养及无菌苗生根培养和愈伤组织分化做了初步研究,研究结果表明：最佳诱导培养基为MS＋BA1.0mg/L＋NAA0.1mg/L;最佳增值培养基为MS＋BA0.8mg/L＋NAA0.3mg/L;当最佳生根培养基为MS＋IBA0.05mg/L;在愈伤组织分化的过程中,培养基MS＋BA0.5mg/L＋NAA0.05mg/L分化效果相对较好。     

牛心朴子的组织培养与快速繁殖

1 植物名称 牛心朴子(Cynanchum komarovii ALIljinshi).2 材料类别 无菌胚轴. 3 培养条件 种子萌发与生长培养基:(1)种子萌发培养基:MS培养基;(2)不定芽诱导培养基:MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;(3)生根培养基:1/2 MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L.上述培养基均添加3%蔗糖和0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0.培养温度为23～26 ℃,光照时间为16 h/d,光照强度约34μmol/(m·s).     

三个桑树肌动蛋白基因的克隆与组织表达分析

肌动蛋白基因在植物各种生理活动中具有极其重要的作用,通过同源克隆与反向PCR的方法,克隆了3个肌动蛋白基因的核心片段,其中一个为已报道的MaACT1,另两个分别被命名为MaACT2和MaACT3,进而PCR扩增获得MaACT1和MaACT2肌动蛋白全长CDS,其中MaACT2基因全长1 704 bp,由4个外显子和3个内含子组成,CDS为1 134 bp,编码377个氨基酸残基。采用RT-PCR的方法分析了3个基因在叶、茎、果、根等组织的表达情况以及在茎、叶和托叶的生长过程中的表达变化。MaACT1在茎中表达量较弱但有随着茎的生长逐渐增强的趋势,在幼叶中有较高的表达,MaACT2与MaACT3在根、茎、叶等组织中都有较高表达,MaACT3在叶、托叶和茎的各个发育时期表达都很稳定,可以作为桑树基因表达研究的内参基因。     

A reproducible protocol for the production of gynogenic haploids of mulberry, Morus alba L.

Gynogenic haploids of a female clone of mulberry (Morus alba L. Cv. K-2) were produced by unpollinated ovary culture. Segments from in vitro developed inflorescences were cultured on MS+ BAP (8.5 μM)+2,4-D (4.5 μM) and after three weeks individual ovaries were transferred to MS+2,4-D (4.5 μm)+glycine (6660 μM)+proline (1738 μM). In this treatment sixteen per cent of the ovaries developed a gynogenic seedling. The gynogenic plants have been established in soil. Out of twenty gynogenic plants examined cytologically, twelve showed the haploid number of chromosomes (2n=x=14) and the other eight were aneuploids, with 13–17 chromosomes in their root tip cells. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

桑树EIN2基因的分离与表达

EIN2是植物体内乙烯信号转导的中心元件,负责将乙烯信号由内质网传递到细胞核中。本文通过检索桑树基因组数据,获得一个EIN2候选基因(MaEIN2),并进行生物信息学分析和表达分析。该MaEIN2全长5614 bp,由7个外显子和6个内含子组成,包含3921 bp的CDS,编码1036个氨基酸残基。MaEIN2在进化树中与草莓、桃树等双子叶植物的EIN2蛋白关系较近,与单子叶植物关系较远。MaEIN2在老叶和成熟果实中的表达量分别高于在幼叶和幼果中,且随果实发育呈逐渐上升趋势,MaEIN2可能与器官的成熟衰老有关。选用乙烯利、ABA和NaCl处理桑树种苗,乙烯利能够促进MaEIN2的表达,而ABA和NaCl抑制MaEIN2的表达。本文为深入研究MaEIN2基因的功能奠定了基础。     

黑龙江实生桑种子次生休眠原因的初步研究

从种皮透性、胚的发育、是否存在萌发抑制物等方面，对产于黑龙江省的实生桑种子休眠原因进行了研究，初步认为，胚的生理性休眠是实生桑种子休眠的主要原因。     

当年生桑树(Morus alba L.)果枝叶片特征与 果实性状的相关性

为揭示叶果间的内在作用规律,以桑树（Morus alba L.）当年生果枝为研究对象,分析不同大小果枝上叶片特征和果实性状的差异及其二者间的相互关系。结果表明：随着果枝由小到大,果枝上的叶片数与总叶干重显著增加,而叶形指数却无显著变化;桑葚数与总桑葚干重也有显著增加,桑葚含水量无显著变化。桑葚数与叶片数、总叶干重、总叶面积及其平均桑葚干重显著正相关。研究结果证实了果实的性状与叶片特征之间存在极密切关系。当年生果枝上的桑葚数量多少取决于果枝上的叶片总数,平均桑葚的干重则与果枝上的平均叶面积显著相关。     

In vitro culture of female date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) tissues

Summary Roots, leaf petioles, shoot tips and immature fruits of female date palm formed the source material for in vitro cultures. Isolated embryos excised from mature seeds were also cultured. Of all the tissues, some of the leaf petioles and fruit mesocarp gave rise to calluses in the media of Staritsky (1970) and Eeuwens (1976). Isolated embryos germinated to produce seedlings in MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) medium. Calluses were established from seedling sections but the growth conditions propitious for explants of seedlings were not suitable for female date palm tissues. The main problem in establishing long term tissue cultures has been the browning of the tissues and media. This problem was, at least partially, overcome by adding activated charcoal to the liquid media and cysteine to the solid madia. So far, shoot regeneration in the calluses could not be induced.     

桑叶叶蛋白提取工艺的研究

探讨桑叶叶蛋白提取的工艺条件。结果表明,桑叶叶蛋白提取的最佳工艺条件为:在温度60℃下,以质量分数0.7%的NaOH溶液为浸提剂,浸提时间20min,料液比为1∶4,絮凝温度75℃,叶蛋白提取率为4.42g/100g。     

西葫芦未受精胚珠离体诱导植株再生的关键因素

开花当天的西葫芦未受精胚珠在含5%蔗糖和0.8%琼脂的N6基本培养基中附加0.5 mg/L NAA和1.0mg/L 2,4-D的诱导培养基上培养最有利于诱导植株再生;所得再生植株经气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法鉴定,60%为二倍体,其自交后代株系内高度整齐一致,证明所得二倍体再生植株是纯合的双单倍体,来源于单倍的胚囊细胞。     

In vitro adventitious shoot regeneration for effective maintenance of male sterile niger Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.)

A rapid and efficient method of in vitro plant regeneration for large scale propagation of male sterile plants of niger (Guizotia abyssinica) was developed. Leaf segments from mature plants were cultured on Murashige & Skoog's basal medium (MS) supplemented with N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin individually and in combination with low concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); and -Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Prolific direct adventitious shoot regeneration occurred on most of the media tested. The best response in terms of frequency of shoot regeneration and the number of shoots per leaf explant was observed on medium supplemented with 2.22 M BA. Transfer of shoot bud clusters to fresh medium with same composition promoted further multiplication of the shoot buds, while medium with reduced BA concentration (0.89 M) facilitated shoot elongation. Shoots that were rooted on half-strength MS medium gelled with 0.2 or 0.4% agar and supplemented with 4.9 M IBA survived with a frequency of 61.36% on transfer to ex vitrum conditions. Field evaluation of the regenerants revealed the genetic stability of the plantlets and are being used in breeding of experimental hybrids.     

Recurrent selection for increased protein content in yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.)

Increasing protein content is an important objective in breeding high protein oilseed yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L). The objectives of this research were to increase meal protein content, study population variation during three cycles of selection for increased meal protein content, and quantify the relationships of protein with oil and 1000‐seed weight. Recurrent selection was employed with half‐sib family evaluation in replicated field trials. Meal protein content increased by an average of 1 % per cycle. The correlation between meal protein and seed oil content was negative (r= ‐0.49 to ‐0.58). The population shifts, with selection, reflected successful increase of average meal protein content, and an increased frequency of genotypes with high meal protein content. Furthermore, simultaneous selection for meal protein and seed oil content was possible. The correlation between meal protein content and seed weight was positive (r= 0.29‐0.39) and thus selecting for increased meal protein content posed no risk of decreasing seed weight in this yellow mustard germplasm.