等电聚焦电泳法测定羽衣甘蓝自交不亲和性的研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳法,研究了羽衣甘蓝强自交不亲和系、弱自交不亲和系与自交亲和系的柱头和花粉蛋白质谱带,并进行自交,以考察亲和指数。结果表明:强自交不亲和系的成熟柱头(S)和弱自交不亲和系的成熟柱头的蛋白谱带有明显差异;强自交不亲和系有特异谱带的出现,而弱自交不亲和系和自交亲和系柱头上没有特异谱带。对比自交不亲和系开花前2~3 d的柱头(S′)与成熟柱头(S)的蛋白质谱带发现了S特异蛋白质的准确位置,其等电点为8.5~9.1。此法可用于鉴定羽衣甘蓝的自交不亲和性。用同种方法处理花粉,没有发现自交不亲和系的特征谱带。     

Human chromosome banding by Feulgen stain aids in localizing classes of chromatin

The band patterns of human chromosomes displayed by the Feulgen stain are similar to but not identical with those of the conventional quinacrine and Giemsa preparations. The parallelism among the three is principally that of prominent negative bands that appear consistently at characteristic loci throughout a wide range of chromosome compaction. The correlation of those bands with regions of low optical density in nonbanded Fuelgen-stained chromosomes suggests that they are loci of DNA that is inherently difluse or readily labile. The instances of disparity among the patterns of the three modes of banding occur at the telomeres and at known regions of heterochromatin, and are interpreted here as reflecting the heterogeneity of the protein moieties in their reactivity to the cytochemical treatments.     

金针菇杂交菌株的同工酶标记与菌株特性

采用垂直平板板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）法，利用酯酶同工酶谱和可溶性蛋白ＰＡＧＥ表型的差异，对金针菇的杂交后代作了遗传分析和鉴定。结果表明，金针菇杂交亲本及其后代抽工酶箐型表现明显的多型性。４个杂交菌株的同工酶亲本有较明显的差异。２处生化（ＥＳＴ，ＰＲＯ）标记在杂交菌株中均表现有不同程度的遗传互补性，并有新的酶带产生。结合同工酶酶谱和标记杂合位点数目对杂种优势可进行早期预测和栽培验证。     

抗三种杀菌剂灰霉菌株可溶性蛋白和酯酶的电泳图谱研究

比较研究了对多菌灵、速克灵、乙霉威表现不同抗性的灰霉病菌菌株的可溶性蛋白和酯酶的电泳图谱。结果表明:对多菌灵、速克灵、乙霉威产生抗药性的田间突变菌株,其可溶性蛋白质电泳图谱中谱带数均比敏感菌株明显减少;抗多菌灵、速克灵的灰霉病菌田间突变菌株,其酯酶电泳图谱中酶带数均较敏感菌株减少。而对乙霉威表现抗性的灰霉病菌菌株,其酯酶电泳图谱类型均与其相应的敏感菌株的酯酶电泳图谱类似,两者间差异主要表现为个别酶带强弱的变化,酶带种类及酶带数差异很小;在灰霉病菌对多菌灵、速克灵抗性菌株的酯酶电泳图谱中都存在一些抗性菌株特有的酶带,Rf0.83酯酶带为抗多菌灵灰霉病菌菌株所特有,Rf0.45和Rf0.83两条三级酯酶带为抗速克灵灰霉病菌菌株所特有。这些酯酶带的出现与抗性的产生直接相关。     

Neural representations of location composed of spatially periodic bands

The mammalian hippocampal formation provides neuronal representations of environmental location, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report a class of cells whose spatially periodic firing patterns are composed of plane waves (or bands) drawn from a discrete set of orientations and wavelengths. The majority of cells recorded in parasubicular and medial entorhinal cortices of freely moving rats belonged to this class and included grid cells, an important subset that corresponds to three bands at 60° orientations and has the most stable firing pattern. Occasional changes between hexagonal and nonhexagonal patterns imply a common underlying mechanism. Our results indicate a Fourier-like spatial analysis underlying neuronal representations of location, and suggest that path integration is performed by integrating displacement along a restricted set of directions.     

Mammalian ribosomal protein: analysis by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel

Ribosomal protein from five mammalian tissues when analyzed by discontinuous electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel at pH 4.5 yielded 24 bands. Densitometric tracings indicated that the patterns of the basic ribosomal proteins from the several tissues were qualitatively similar. Protein from Escherichia coli ribosomes analyzed at pH 4.5 gave 29 bands, and the pattern was different from that of mammalian ribosomal protein. No distinct band was found when mammalian ribosomal protein was analyzed at pH 8.3 (acidic proteins). Ribosomal protein from Escherichia coli gave eight bands at pH 8.3. Thus, the structure of the genes responsible for synthesis of ribosomal protein in several mammalian tissues is the same, and different genes direct synthesis of ribosomal protein in bacteria.     

DNA分子标记鉴定蔬菜作物种子纯度的原理分析

对ＤＮＡ分子标记鉴定蔬菜作物种子纯度的原理进行了分析。结果认为,鉴定种子纯度以ＲＡＰＤ技术为宜。ＲＡＰＤ标记鉴定常规品种种子纯度研究中,应选择目标品种Ａ的ＲＡＰＤ图谱中出现而其它常规品种（一般５￣１０个为宜）中不出现的ＤＡＮ谱带作为鉴定纯度用的特异谱带;鉴定杂交Ｆ１品种时,应将母本有,父本无、,Ｆ１有的ＤＮＡ谱带和母本元,父本有,Ｆ１有的ＤＮＡ谱带作为特异谱带,并且在实践鉴定中二者必须联合使用。     

橡胶树不同品系橡胶粒子蛋白的比较研究

[目的]对橡胶树不同品系橡胶粒子蛋白进行比较研究。[方法]以11个橡胶树品系为试材,采用不同离心速度分级分离方法,获得不同直径大小的纯化橡胶粒子,分别洗脱其膜蛋白并作电泳SDS-PAGE分析,并比较了高产品系和低产品系胶乳中的大橡胶粒子膜蛋白质谱。[结果]14.5、24.02、7.0、32.0、34.0和49.0 kD等蛋白条带的含量在不同直径大小的橡胶粒子上有明显变化,其中14.5 kD蛋白是橡胶延长因子,24.0 kD蛋白是小橡胶粒子蛋白。橡胶树各个品系具有各自独立的特征蛋白谱带,主要表现为在品系之间存在某些谱带表达量上的差异,其中27.0 kD橡胶粒子膜蛋白在耐乙稀利刺激的PR107中的丰度要显著高于不耐乙稀利刺激的海垦1号。[结论]橡胶粒子膜表面的一些蛋白条带可能跟橡胶粒子直径大小或发育相关。     

稻瘟菌菌体可溶性蛋白和同工酶的凝胶电泳分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了来至水稻和马唐寄主的23个致病性不同的稻瘟菌菌株的可溶性蛋白、酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶的图谱。结果表明，二类寄主菌株的可溶蛋白和酯酶图谱有明显不同，而酸性磷酸酯酶图谱的差异，不显著。同一寄主内的菌株，彼此在电泳图型上非常相似，只是在少数带的染色强弱上有一定差异．但未发现这些话带的变比同病菌致病性直接相关的依据。     

四川小麦新品种(系)种子贮藏蛋白变异分析

采用A-PAGE和SDS-PAGE方法,对四川省49份小麦新品种(系)的醇溶蛋白和高分子量谷蛋白亚基进行了分析。结果表明,供试品种(系)在醇溶蛋白位点上存在广泛的变异,49个品种(系)具有48种醇溶蛋白带型,共分离出38条相对迁移率不同的谱带,其中35条具有多态性,占92.1%,每个品种(系)可分离出11～23条带。15个品种(系)具有1BL/1RS易位系标记位点Glid1B3,占供试品种(系)的30.6%。在Glu-1位点上,供试材料具有较高的遗传变异,共检测到11种不同的高分子量谷蛋白亚基和18种亚基组合类型,品质得分在5～10分之间,平均6.9分。49个品种(系)中,21个具有5+10优质亚基,3个具有2亚基。新品种(系)中5+10亚基比率较高,反映了四川省强筋小麦育种已取得一定成效,但是从整体来看,优质亚基和优质亚基组合的频率仍然偏低,因此在四川小麦品质育种中应进一步加强优质谷蛋白亲本材料的引进和利用。     

马卡小麦(Triticum macha Dekaprel et Nenabde.)醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析

为利用小麦近缘属物种丰富的基因资源,采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)法对来自格鲁吉亚、匈牙利、前苏联、英国、美国、瑞士和瑞典等国家共29份马卡小麦材料进行了醇溶蛋白分析。结果表明,供试材料共有28种带型和49条谱带,每份材料可电泳分离出19~34条带,平均25条。材料间遗传相似系数变异范围为0.29~0.95,平均值为0.61,表明马卡小麦具有较丰富的遗传多样性。供试材料在0.58水平上明显聚为3类,聚类结果与材料来源地没有必然联系。同时推测来自格鲁吉亚的材料在醇溶蛋白等位变异上可能存在两种主要类型。     

Curiosities in periodic precipitation patterns

Observations have been made of several types of Liesegang patterns that are more complex than the usual concentric ring or parallel bands of precipitate. The structures observed show radial gaps, segmentation, irregular patterns within concentric rings, add the formation of spiral precipitation bands instead of sets of parallel Lisegang bands.     

应用PAGE梯度电泳技术鉴定西瓜杂交种纯度

应用PAGE梯度电泳技术分析西瓜杂交种苏蜜五号、早抗京欣和抗病苏蜜及其父母本种子的酯酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶及种子蛋白.结果显示:除早抗京欣发芽5 d时过氧化物酶有一明显谱带特征可以有效区别杂种与亲本外,其他电泳组合谱带虽清晰但无明显差异,表明西瓜遗传基础相对狭窄.蛋白质和同工酶难以发现统一的谱带特征来检测不同西瓜杂交种子的纯度.由于不同杂交种双亲的遗传背景不同,对于亲缘关系相对较远的一些品种可能会出现某些特别的特征以用来鉴别真假杂种.     

利用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳显示金针菇酯酶同工酶

[目的]利用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳分析金针菇酯酶同工酶。[方法]以6种金针菇为材料,采用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳对其酯酶同工酶进行分析,并与利用PAGE法得到的针菇酯酶同工酶图谱进行对比。[结果]6种金针菇共电泳得到20条酯酶同工酶带,其中相对迁移率不同的共有8条,大小分别为0.580、0.613、0.645、0.709、0.806、0.839、0.871、0.934;6种金针菇中,①号和②号有3条相同的带,④号和⑤号条带完全相同,③号与④号、⑤号有2条相同的带,⑥号与其他5种菌株间相同的条带较少。[结论]该试验结果与PAGE法显示的金针菇酯酶同工酶图谱基本一致,为实现利用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳技术快速检测各类食用菌酯酶同工酶提供了可能。     

山楂枝皮过氧化物酶同功酶及嫁接亲和力初探

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法检测了山楂属植物5个种11个品种枝皮的过氧化物酶同功酶,结果得知:山楂属植物枝皮过氧化物酶同功酶分2大酶区,有4条特征性谱带,种间差异较大,品种间差异较小。嫁接后不同砧,穗组合的过氧化物酶同功酶酶谱基本稳定,但随组合不同而有一定的变化。砧,穗过氧化物酶同功酶相同值越大,嫁接亲和力越强。同时对4个种,11个品种的44个组合进行了嫁接亲和力预测。     

梨过氧化物酶同工酶的遗传与有关问题初探

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析了梨属5个种40个品种类型和5个杂交后代152个单系休眠芽或叶片的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明:梨种内不同品种的酶谱是多样化的,种间酶谱具有一定的相似性,表现出杂合群体的特征I亲本酶带在其后代酶谱中可以形成“互补”,杂交后代酶谱中可出现不同于亲本的新酶带;部分酶带的遗传是由单基因控制的;休眠芽酶谱中P_7、P_8和P_9条酶带可以做为鉴定杂交品种的“杂种酶带”,P_9是梨属植物共有的特征性酶带。本文还对白梨的起源进行了初步探讨。     

Differential Gene Expression Between Hybrids and Their Parents During the Four Crucial Stages of Cotton Growth and Development

The study aims to clarify the differential gene expression between cotton hybrids and their parents in order to better understand the molecular basis of cotton heterosis. The research focused on cotton heterotic and lower heterotic hybrids and their parents during the four crucial stages, which were analyzed using a differential display technique. The results indicated that there were both quantitative and qualitative differences in gene expression amongst them. The quantitative differences include over- and under-expression of parental genes and the dominant expression of highly-expressed parental genes in hybrids. In contrast, the qualitative differences are the following： （i） Bands were observed in both parents but not in the F1 hybrid （BPnF1）; （ii） bands occurred in either of the parents but not in the F1 hybrid （UPnF1）; （iii） bands presented only in the F1 hybrid but not in either of the parents （UF1nP）; and （iv） bands were detected in either of the parents and the F1 hybrid （UPF1）. Overall, the major differences of gene expression occurred in the qualitative level and four related differential patterns were observed. Furthermore, the amount of differential patterns during the flowering stage was relatively higher than those of other stages. At this juncture, both the amount of hybrid-specific expression patterns at flowering stage and the silenced expression patterns at boll-forming stage in highly heterotic hybrids were found higher than those in the lower heterotic ones. It was concluded that significant differences of gene expression in leaves were present between cotton hybrid and its parents during the whole growing stages. Hence, these differences might be responsible for the observed cotton heterosis.     

5种不同镰刀菌的酶学特性分析

采用比色法和电泳技术对引起成年国槐根茎腐烂病的5种镰刀菌的酶学特性进行了分析,为镰刀菌的分类和生理分化研究等提供理论依据。结果表明,5种镰刀菌的可溶性蛋白含量及4种保护酶(EST、SOD、PPO和POD)活性的测定结果与电泳结果相一致,如5种镰刀菌的SOD活性都很高,介于2 263.09~6 134.42 U/mg,电泳图谱清晰,谱带颜色较深、较明亮,说明电泳法可半定量地确定保护酶活性的大小;供试的5种镰刀菌在可溶性蛋白和EST、SOD、PPO等同工酶水平上存在差异,不同镰刀菌之间某些同工酶谱带数和同一迁移率谱带的亮度和色泽差异非常明显,既存在共同谱带又有特异性谱带,如5种镰刀菌EST同工酶图谱的共同谱带占23.5%,特异性谱带占76.5%,说明5种供试病原菌均属于镰刀菌属,但分属于不同的镰刀菌种。     

中棉所47及其亲本苗期根和叶基因差异表达研究

 以国审高优势杂交棉中棉所47及其亲本苗期的根尖和顶尖叶为研究材料，采用差异显示技术（DDRT-PCR）分析了苗期杂种与亲本的根、叶基因表达差异，并结合中棉所47及其亲本的产量性状，分析了苗期基因表达差异与产量性状优势之间的关系。结果表明：（1）苗期根和叶基因表达有差异的带分别占总统计带数的38.8%和65.2%，叶基因表达有差异的带比根丰富得多，说明一些对杂种优势起作用的基因可能在叶中开始表达；（2）杂种和亲本间存在显著的基因表达差异，这些差异表达分为4种类型：I．双亲共沉默型；II．单亲表达沉默型；III．杂种特异表达型；IV．单亲表达一致型。在根中，这4种比例分别为6.5%、10.6%、6.5%和15.2%；在叶中，这4种类型比例分别为 4.4%、17.9%、15.1%和27.8%，两器官基因差异表达的类型比例趋势基本一致，单亲表达一致型所占比例最高，说明苗期这种表达类型可能对杂种优势的形成起主要作用；（3）进一步分析中棉所47的产量构成因素，单株铃数增加是杂种高产主要原因，进一步表明，苗期单亲基因表达一致型可能对杂交种后期单株成铃数的增加有较大的贡献。上述结果表明，苗期基因表达差异与杂种优势的形成存在着密切关系。     

黄瓜和西瓜尖孢镰刀菌同工酶异质性分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对同一寄主尖孢镰刀菌进行了同工酶分析。结果表明,黄瓜不同部位分离的尖孢镰刀菌过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱是相同的,均为 3条过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶带,迁移率分别为 0.04、0.20和 0.33;而酯酶 (EST)同工酶酶谱存在较大的差异。西瓜尖孢镰刀菌都具有 4条POD同工酶酶带,电泳迁移率分别为 0.048、0.190、0.286和0.381,而EST同工酶条带很少,且存在较大差异。