天农肥育牛用添加剂饲喂肉牛试验

选择年龄２～３岁，体重３００～４００千克的夏洛来杂公牛，西门塔尔杂交牛及黑白花公牛等品种牛共２０头，用天津农学院研制的“天农肥育牛用添加剂”进行了肥育试验，结果表明：试验组牛平均日增重１．２８２千克，对照组牛为１．０１２千克，试验组比对照组牛平均头日增重多０．２７千克，经ｔ经验两组牛日增重差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５），经济收益比对照组头日净协１．９３元。     

淘汰的天祝白牦牛种公牛全舍饲育肥试验

为了探究淘汰的天祝白牦牛种公牛在全舍饲育肥生产中的效果,提高养殖效益,开展了淘汰的白牦牛种公牛全舍饲育肥试验。经过140 d试验期,试验组平均体重由372.9±8.63 kg增加到569.3±11.76 kg,绝对增重197.3 kg,平均日增重1410 g,增重率52.91%;对照组平均体重由368.6±13.66 kg减小到337.7±9.63 kg,绝对增重-30.9 kg,平均日减损221 g,减损率8.38%。试验组比对照组平均日增重多1631 g,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

The effect of Rumensin on mineral metabolism and on the conversion of nutrients in feedlot cattle

A study on mineral metabolism and conversion of nutrients by applying sodium monensinate, 125 mg per head and day, in cattle fattening was performed. This experiment was realized under production conditions in the fattening station of pavillion type for 367 days and included 985 bulls of Bohemian Spotted cattle. The feed ration consisted of maize silage with addition of dried poultry bedding and concentrates. At the beginning of the experiment the appetite antipathy was observed, the adaptation period lasted 4 weeks. During the adaptation period the weight gains decreased; after adaptation of animals to monensin the weight gain not only counter-poised, but in comparison with the control it increased. Throughout the experiment no health disorders connected with the applied additive were observed. In the rumen fluid the content of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron was followed. In the blood plasma the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron were followed. The application of sodium monensinate did not affect the followed parameters of mineral metabolism. The experiment was aimed at the evaluation of production and operational parameters with a view to the weight gain and feed conversion. In the experimental group the weight gain was higher by 3.85%. The saving of maize silage in the experimental group amounted to 5.8%, by using of this additive the saving of concentrates amounted to 1.35%. In the experimental group the feed conversion converted to dry matter increased by 7.12%. Sodium monensinate at the dose of 125 mg per head and day had positive effect on the followed production and economic parameters.     

内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊羔羊短期育肥效果与屠宰性能分析

[目的]研究内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊羔羊短期育肥效果,并评价育肥羊的屠宰性能。[方法]选择体重相近的4月龄断奶羔羊520只,选取260只作为试验组,采取全舍饲的饲养模式,分别在3个牧户家饲养,饲养管理标准与饲料保持一致;选取260只作为对照组,采取传统放牧饲养模式,选择草场质量相近的2个牧户家饲养。育肥期为4个月。测定、计算并比较不同饲养模式下阿尔巴斯白绒山羊在不同育肥阶段的体重以及平均日增重;育肥结束后进行屠宰试验,测定并比较不同饲养模式下阿尔巴斯白绒山羊的屠宰性能指标;计算不同饲养模式下阿尔巴斯白绒山羊的养殖经济效益。[结果]与对照组相比,试验组在育肥120 d的体重显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;试验组在育肥30~60 d、60~90 d的平均日增重显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,在育肥90~120 d的平均日增重极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组。试验组宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率、骨骼重、肾脏及肾脂重量、眼肌面积均极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组,骨肉比极显著（P<0.01）低于对照组;在非胴体组成部分重量方面,试验组血重、头蹄重、皮重、消化系统重（胃、肠）、内脏重（心、肝、肺）、大网膜脂肪及肠系膜脂肪重均极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组。试验组育肥纯利润较对照组增加345.60元/只。[结论]阿尔巴斯白绒山羊舍饲育肥与传统放牧模式相比,育肥增重效果和屠宰性能显著提高,取得了良好的经济效益,适合在鄂尔多斯市推广。     

The effect of monensin on rumen fermentation and weight gain in bulls fed a diet containing nontraditional feed

Two groups of bullocks, each consisting of 125 animals, were subjected to a trial to study the effect of monensin (Rumensin premix) administered at doses from 125 to 175 mg per head/day on rumen fermentation and weight gains. For 135 days the animals were given a diet based on green juicy forage with a supplement of chopped straw and concentrate mixture; this mixture contained 20-30% of dried poultry droppings. In the experimental group with monensin, the concentration of total and protein nitrogen and the molar percentage of propionic acid significantly increased (23.7 and 28.5%, respectively, P less than 0.01) and the acetate: propionate ratio decreased four hours after feeding. Further, the energy yield of the production by volatile fatty acids (VFA) significantly increased in the rumen contents (76.89%, 78.64%, respectively, P less than 0.05). The levels of ammonia and non-protein nitrogen were not affected by the addition of monensin. The average daily live weight gains were 713 g in the control group and 800 g in the experimental group; this means that the gains of the experimental animals rose by 12.2%. Monensin had a positive influence on the proportions of the rumen-produced VFA in favour of propionic acid which, in turn, favourably influenced the energy balance of nutrient conversion and efficiency.     

Effect of the polyether antibiotic "monensin" on fattening and slaughtering performance as well as protein and energy retention in bulls

In an individual feeding experiment (150-500 kg live weight) the influence of the polyether antibiotic Monensin on the fattening, slaughtering and retention performances of crossbreeding dairy bulls (genotype 31) and fattening hybrids (genotype 61) was ascertained. The supplementation of the polyether antibiotic on average resulted in a decrease by approximately equal to 11% of the dry matter and energy expenditure per kg weight gain due to a lower feed intake and a higher live weight gain. The slaughtering parameter investigated and the chemical composition of the empty body remained uninfluenced. The daily nutrient retention values were positively influenced by the Monensin supplementation since the fattening bulls of the test group required 30 days less to achieve the attempted fattening weight. The additional retention of protein, fat and energy per animal and day in the dairy bulls approximately equal to 10.9; 13.5 and 16.4% and in the fattening hybrids 1.9; 3.2 and 2.6%. Due to a higher energy retention at a lower level of feed and energy intake after Monensin supplementation an average of approximately equal to 11.3 and 15.4% resp. more of the consumed digestible protein and the digestible energy resp. were retained in the empty bodies. One can conclude that Monensin improved the utilisation of feed energy; obviously the effect of the polyether antibiotic is due to its influence on processes in the rumen or directly or indirectly on metabolism.     

氨化麦秸育肥肉牛效果分析

运城地区是全国小麦生产基地，年产麦秸７．５亿ｋｇ，牛的饲草８０％来源于麦秸。为了确定氨化麦秸喂牛对提高增重和麦秸利用率等的效果，进行了氨化麦秸育肥肉牛饲养试验，试验结果，试验组喂氨化麦秸牛比对照组饲喂普通麦秸牛肥育期平均日增重增加１９７．８ｇ，试验组比对照组牛平均每头日增加收入０．４８４４无。     

生物发酵床与暖棚式圈舍对育肥猪育肥效果的对比试验

在生物发酵床立地条件下,对40头体重60kg,健康无病的杜长甘三元商品育肥猪分两组进行育肥试验研究,结果表明,试验组和对照组头均日增重分别为686g和610g,试验组较对照组头均日增重提高12．46％,经t检验差异显著（P〈0．05）;头均饲料消耗量试验组和对照组分别为115．62kg和122．27kg,试验组增重效果明显,同时节省饲料5．75％,试验组和对照组头均纯收益分别为234．15元和144．58元,试验组较对照组头均多收入89．57元。在生物发酵床立地条件下,生产效果显著提高。     

The influence of photoperiod on body weight gain, body composition, nutrient intake and hormone secretion

Increasing daily light exposure from 8 to 16 h increases average daily body weight gains of sheep and Holstein cattle but reduces gains of white-tailed doe fawns. Some of these effects on average daily gain in sheep are the result of increased gut fill and pelt weight. Increasing daily exposure to light increases feed intake when sheep or cattle are fed ad libitum. However, increased feed intake is not a prerequisite for the anabolic effects of long duration exposures to light because increased growth occurs in the animals given 16 h light:8 h dark (16L:8D) even when feed intake is restricted. The anabolic effects of increased duration photoperiods in sheep are independent of the gonads, whereas in cattle they are dependent on the gonads. Consistent increases in average daily gains of cattle in response to longer duration photoperiods have not always been achieved. The lack of consistency may be associated with sexual maturity or rate of fattening of the animal. For example, the stimulatory effects of 16L:8D photoperiods on live weight gain are not readily manifested in immature prepubertal heifers, but occur primarily during the peripubertal period. Short days are conducive to deposition of fat, which may account for the stimulatory effects of short days on live weight gain of white-tailed doe fawns and excessively fattened Holsteins. In contrast, long duration photoperiods stimulate protein accretion in cattle. The hormonal signals that mediate the anabolic effects of increasing exposure to light are not associated with change in insulin, thyroxine or growth hormone concentrations in the blood. Glucocorticoid concentrations in serum decrease with longer duration photoperiods which is consistent with an anabolic effect. Increasing daily light exposure to 16 h/d hastens the increase in concentrations of progesterone and testosterone in sera of peripubertal heifers and prepubertal bulls, respectively. Thus, change in secretion of reproductive hormones in the peripubertal period of cattle may be associated with the anabolic effects previously described and is consistent with gonad dependency. Prolactin concentrations in serum increase in sheep and cattle as duration of light exposure increases. But, there is no irrefutable proof that prolactin is responsible for the increased rates of gain or change in carcass composition associated with longer exposures to light. Thus, the hormonal mechanisms involved in photoperiod-induced alterations in growth remain to be established.     

肉牛强度育肥高新技术应用效果

经调查，山西省某国营煤矿肉牛育肥场，聘请高级科技人员，采用最新的科研成果－－Ｅ－Ｎ和ＸＤＣＰ蛋白新体系，配套应用添加剂和饲管新技术，使强度育肥生产技术经济指标达到罗高水平。８８头育肥牛平均饲养１４２ｄ，日增重１．３２ｋｇ，料重比２．４４。其中始３００ｋｇ以上的２１头，强度育肥９８ｄ，日增重２．２９ｋｇ，料重比１．８９。按市价计算，每增重１ｋｇ毛刺３．８７元，头均１１２８．６２元，取得了育肥期短，增     

微贮玉米秸肥育秦杂牛的效果对比试验

随机将２￣３岁未去势秦杂公牛２６头分为两组,在精料相同情况下,在３９天内分别饲喂以风干玉米秸（对照组）和微贮玉米秸,观察微贮玉米秸对秦杂牛的育肥效果。试验结果：微贮组与风干组头平均日增重分别为１１４４ｇ和９０２ｇ差异极显著（ｐ〈０．０１）;微贮组牛每增重１ｋｇ比风干组少耗精料１．１４ｋｇ,降低成本１．０８元;饲喂微贮玉米秸较饲喂风干玉米秸平均每头牛可增加收入１０９．５１元。结果表明：利用微贮玉米秸     

Investigations concerning the use of the rumen fermentation regulator monensin in feeding fattening bulls

In two digestion experiments with wethers and seven feeding experiments with 198 fattening bulls with rations rich in (greater than 55% of the dry matter intake from roughage), the influence of the antibiotic monensin on the digestibility of the ration, on rumen-physiologic characteristic values and on fattening and slaughtering results was investigated. The digestibility of the organic matter and the crude nutrients was not significantly influenced by the use of monensin (20 mg/kg dry matter). The administration of 200 mg monensin per fattening bull and day resulted in an increase of the molar concentration of propionate in the rumen fluid by 9.7 mol%, the concentration of acetate and butyrate decreased by 7.3 resp. 2.8 mol %. On an average of the seven experiments the intake of dry matter was diminished by 5.1% through the use of monensin, the live weight increase remained almost unaffected (3.0% additional increase), feed and energy requirement per kg live weight were improved by 7.9%. The fattening results do not always correspond in the various experiments. The results of the dressing of the carcass, the composition of the carcass and the quality of the meat remained unaffected by the administration of monensin.     

复合型生物添加剂——肥牛灵饲喂肉牛饲养试验报告

本试验选择８头生长发育正常、健康的夏洛来Ｆ１代肉牛,分成试验组和对照组,研究复合型生物添加剂－＝肥牛灵饲喂肉年听效果。两组的基础日粮组成桢,试验组添加０．３％的肥牛灵。６０天的试验期过后,试验组和对照组的日增重分别为１８８９和１７２０ｇ,有显著差异,其增重提高９．７５;试验组比对照组的饲料转化率提高９．６％;提高经济效益２６５。结果表明,肥牛灵能够刺激肉牛生长,增加养牛户的收入。     

饲喂秸秆微贮饲料对育肥南阳牛的增重效果试验

选用１８￣２４月龄南阳公牛２０头，随机分为试验和对照组，在精料水平相同情况下，分别喂以微贮和普通麦秸，观测微贮饲料对供试牛的增重效果。经过９０天饲养试验，试验组牛与对照组牛平均头总增重分别为７６．７ｋｇ和６１．２ｋｇ；平均头日增重分别为０．８５２ｋｇ和０．６８０ｋｇ。屠宰结果，试验组牛和对照组牛屠宰率分别为５５．６％和５３．２％；净肉率分别为４５．５％和４２．４％。试验组牛比对照组平均每头多产净肉     

提取精油后废弃薰衣草秸秆育肥牛试验效果分析

为探索废弃薰衣草秸秆的高效开发利用技术,将提取精油后产生的薰衣草秸秆制作成薰衣草秸秆青贮．开展薰衣草秸秆青贮与常规饲草料的育肥肉牛效果对比试验。选用新疆褐牛公牛40头,随机分为试验组和对照组．每组20头牛。试验组粗饲料为薰衣草秸秆青贮,对照组粗饲料为玉米秸秆青贮,饲喂量均为8～12kg／a,两组精饲料配方相同。预饲期10d,正式育肥期共210d。记录正式育肥期始末实验牛只的体重,计算试验期增重和平均日增重。结果表明,薰衣草秸秆青贮育肥牛与常规玉米秸秆育肥牛在增重指标上差异不显著（P〉0．05）,育肥期内薰衣草秸秆青贮育肥牛日增重为（0．98±0．10）kg,玉米秸秆育肥牛日增重为（0．99±0．11）kg。薰衣草秸秆与常规饲草料育肥肉牛的效果相似,表明薰衣草秸秆青贮能够作为粗饲料应用于肉牛养殖。     

营养调控剂对荷斯坦奶公牛育肥性能的影响

为了探讨2种营养调控剂对荷斯坦奶公牛育肥性能和屠宰性能的影响,按体重和月龄相近原则选择60头荷斯坦奶公牛,并随机分成3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2组分别在基础日粮中添加100 g/d调控剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ,预试期14 d,正试期31 d。结果表明,试验1、2组每头牛的日增重分别比对照组提高0.32和0.37 kg(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验2组能显著提高胴体产肉率、肉骨比和十三块分割肉重(P<0.05),试验1、2组的屠宰率、净肉率和十三块分割肉占净肉重比例分别提高了2.96%、3.05%、1.47%和1.89%、2.82%、2.39%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);在试验期内,试验1、2组比对照组分别多增加利润1233.80和1370.20元。结果提示,2种营养调控剂均对荷斯坦奶公牛的育肥效果较好,可以产生较好的经济效益。     

应用“牛增肉剂”提高育肥牛增重效果试验

本研究利用农户牛场的肥育牛群，观察埋植“牛增肉剂”的增重效果。试牛的基础日粮相同，每日定时饲喂，经过９１天的育肥期后，试验组牛的头均增重为８０ｋｇ，比对照组多增重１０ｋｇ，两组的平均日增重分别为１１８．２和１５８０．９ｇ。     

高寒牧区暖季不同方法育肥放牧藏羊增重效果试验

选用60只成年羯羊,分别以：围栏草地;非围栏草地自然放牧 250g尿素颗粒料;非围栏草地自然放牧 埋植增肉剂三种方法进行40d育肥。结果试1、试2和试3组每只羊平均增重分别比对照的非围栏自然放牧组提高4．41kg,5．41kg和3．51kg,日增重平均分别提高110g,135g和88g与对照组比较差异均显著(P＜0．05)。试1、试2和试3组每只羊分别比对照组多增收33元、25．2元和23．25元,总增收1221．75元。结果表明,在高寒牧区草地畜牧业生产条件下,无论采取围栏草地放牧,非围栏草地放牧 补饲或非围栏草地 埋植增肉剂育肥都能提高增重,且效果明显。     

Joint research on the precise determination of the energy and protein requirements of fattening pigs. 8. The effect of various protein levels on the performance and feed expenditure of fattening pigs

Live weight development and feed expenditure were investigated on 3 levels of protein supply and isocaloric rations in scientific feeding experiments with 10 castrated male pigs each of the genetic origin land race pig X large white fed individually in the live weight range between 30 and 100 kg with a subdivision at 60 kg. In the air-dried matter the crude protein content of the feed mixtures used in the first fattening period was 17.6; 15.7 and 13.7% resp. and in the second fattening period from 60 kg live weight onwards 14.9; 12.8 and 11.4% resp. for the 3 test groups. In both fattening periods the digestibility of the rations and the N-balance were determined at 3 representative animals from each of the 3 groups. The following average live weight gains were achieved in the 3 test groups: 1st fattening period: 662; 592 and 539 g resp.; 2nd X fattening period: 709; 676 and 644 g resp. Feed expenditure over the complete fattening period was 4.2; 4.5 and 5.2 kg air-dried matter per kg live weight gain. The highest protein supply resulted in the best live weight gain performance and the lowest expenditure.     

The effect of monensin on performance and selected biochemical and hematological parameters in the blood of calves]

The aim of this study was to find out the influence of monensin, a ionophore antibiotic, on calf performance and selected physiological parameters. Monensin is a product of Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It has effects on all Gram-negative microbes, such as Escherichia coli, salmonellas, pseudomonads and vibria. It has a small effect on Gram-positive microbes. At the beginning of the experiment eight young crossbred bulls (C x N) at the age of three weeks were weighted and divided into two groups, experimental and control ones. Calves were kept in individual boxes and fed acidified whole milk (2 ml of 85% formic acid per 1 litre of milk). They had a free access to concentrates (COT), hay and drinking water. The calves received 3 lt. of whole milk twice a day until the age of eight weeks. 0.5 mg of monensin per 1 kg live weight were served orally to calves of the experimental group every day. Monensin was made by the Spofa Corporation, Prague. Daily intake of feed was recorded and the calves were weighted once a week. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein before the beginning of the experiment, and in the period from the fifth to the tenth week of age, always before morning feeding. The average daily live weight gain was 0.452 kg and 0.471 kg for the control and experimental group, respectively, during the milk feeding period, the index being 104.2 (Tab. I). Tab. II shows the average feed intake per 1 kg live weight gain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)