臭氧对空气消毒效果试验观察

臭氧是一种高效环保的空气消毒剂,为了探讨臭氧消毒应用于畜牧业空气消毒的可行性,进行臭氧对空气消毒效果试验。结果表明,在相对湿度60%～70%,消毒60 min,臭氧消毒的杀菌率可达到99.84%,说明臭氧是畜舍空气消毒较为理想的新型空气消毒剂,值得推广应用。     

臭氧对猪舍空气消毒的效果

<正>近年来,在多个国家流行的非典型肺炎和禽流感亦是经气溶胶传播[1],引起养殖业的高度重视,寻找低毒、高效并对环境影响较小的消毒方法成为畜牧养殖行业的研究热点。臭氧消毒技术的发展已有近百年的历史,主要用于空气消毒、污水处理、饮水消毒等方面[2]。臭氧对空气消毒效果受浓度、作用时间、温度、相对湿度等的影响。顾春英[3]等研究认为,随温度或相对湿度升高,臭氧对空气微生物的杀灭率明显上升,尤以相对湿度的影响较大。李子尧等[4]利用QD-70型臭氧消毒机,在温度为20～25℃、相对湿度50%～70%的条件下,证明开机作用30min和90min,对空气中白色葡萄球菌的平均杀灭率分别为99.99%和100%。     

非洲猪瘟背景下猪场不同消毒方法效果评价

为评价不同消毒方法对规模化猪场的消毒效果,采用平板菌落计数法分别测定多聚甲醛和臭氧对动物房空气和物品细菌的杀灭效果。结果显示,随着时间增加,各试验组在消毒后的空气和物品表面菌落总数均呈现先下降后上升趋势,多聚甲醛和臭氧熏蒸消毒后1h对空气细菌杀灭率分别达到72.88%和59.91%,但两组间无显著差异(P0.05);消毒后24h,菌落总数较消毒后1h均有不同程度增加;对于动物房墙壁和药箱,多聚甲醛组杀灭率均高于臭氧组;对于粪盘和蔬菜,臭氧组杀灭率均高于多聚甲醛组。综合分析表明多聚甲醛熏蒸消毒适合于密闭空间,臭氧适合于蔬菜消毒。     

对进口集装箱装载动物产品的检疫及兽医卫生监督管理

随着现代化交通工具的发展，集装箱运输已日趋取代动物产品的散货进口方式。其优点在于流通过程中的时间迅速与使用的广泛。原有的口岸现场检疫方式已不适应现代化交通工具发展的要求。因此．运用动植物检疫法赋予我们的权力，完善原有的检疫方式并采取进口集装箱装载动物产品在口岸表面消毒后直运加工厂进行生产过程中的兽医卫生监管措施，经实践检验是切实可行的，它解决了港口长期困绕的集装箱装载动物产品因检疫停留时间长造成压港和进口动物产品检疫及兽医卫生监督等。正集装箱的码头检疫：集装箱装载的动物产品在口岸验证、表面消毒后…     

臭氧消毒机对猪舍内空气净化效果研究

探讨臭氧消毒机对猪舍内空气污染物的消毒效果,旨在为臭氧技术在畜禽环境净化领域的优化应用提供参考依据。在育肥猪舍内设置3个采样点,分别监测臭氧消毒机运行前、运行20min、40min后的舍内NH_3、TSP以及气载微生物排放浓度。试验结果表明:当臭氧消毒机作用浓度为0.77~3.10mg/m~3范围内,连续作用40min后,对NH_3、TSP和空气微生物的降解率分别达到31.9%、53.7%、52.9%;其中NH_3浓度和TSP浓度分别达到了室内空气质量标准及环境空气质量标准的二级排放要求,且舍内各空气环境指标的降解效果持续4d以上。     

鸡舍带鸡消毒建议慎用人工喷雾消毒方式

本试验研究了微酸性电解水、季铵盐类及戊二醛类三种消毒剂对密闭通道内空气的消毒效果及各消毒剂对空气消毒效果良好的参数;在此基础上,采用同样三种消毒剂试验研究了人工消毒方式对鸡舍内空气微生物的杀灭效果.结果表明,在通道空气消毒试验中,微酸性电解水、季铵盐类消毒剂、戊二醛类消毒剂的平均杀菌率分别为76.9±3.7％、47.0±2.0％、50.0±4.3％.然而当采用同样消毒剂以人工消毒方式对鸡舍内进行空气消毒时,鸡舍内微生物数目出现不同程度增长,表明人工消毒方式不宜于鸡舍内进行空气消毒,比较自动喷雾消毒方式研究报道,鸡舍带鸡消毒应选择自动喷雾消毒系统.     

臭氧净化消毒技术替代甲醛对肉鸡种蛋孵化率的影响

通过应用臭氧消毒机在箱体式孵化机中进行臭氧消毒与传统消毒技术(甲醛熏蒸)的对比试验,探讨臭氧净化消毒技术替代传统消毒技术(甲醛熏蒸)的可行性,确定臭氧净化消毒技术的操作方法。结果显示,臭氧消毒20min、臭氧浓度控制在22～25×10-6,与甲醛熏蒸消毒对抑制箱体式孵化机中的空气细菌菌落数具有相近的效果,差异不显著(P>0.05);对肉鸡孵化率具有相近的效果,差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明在肉鸡孵化过程中应用臭氧净化消毒技术替代传统消毒技术(甲醛熏蒸)是完全可行的,臭氧净化消毒技术具有无污染、对人无刺激性、易操作、成本低的特点,在家禽孵化企业具有广阔的应用前景。     

臭氧净化技术对猪场消毒通道消毒效率的影响

为了防控疫病,对进出猪场的人员及物品进行严格的预防消毒,试验采用臭氧净化技术、超声波雾化、紫外杀菌灯三种消毒方式及不同消毒时间、不同持续消毒效果评价对猪场消毒通道的消毒效果。结果表明:臭氧净化技术在不同消毒时间(0,30,50,90 s)细菌总数下降数差异极显著(P0.01);消毒时间为90 s时,细菌总数下降数达到最低水平;不同消毒持续时间(第0,10,20分钟)细菌总数下降数及杀菌效率差异不显著(P0.05);臭氧净化消毒90 s的杀菌效率达到90%以上,明显高于超声波雾化和紫外杀菌灯的杀菌效率。说明臭氧净化技术消毒90 s能达到90%以上的消毒效率,并在20 min内表现出较好的持续消毒效率,消毒效果显著优于超声波雾化和紫外杀菌二种方式。     

无污染、无残留灭菌消毒设备——3DC系列温室病害臭氧防治机

3DC系列温室病害臭氧防治机主要预防和控制温室大棚蔬菜、花卉、实用菌等的气传病害。该机是以温室内的空气为原料。通过高压放电技术实现空气的臭氧化。由于臭氧的强氧化性。达到一定浓度的臭氧化的空气，可对温室内的空气、植株表面的有害细菌、真菌、病毒等快速杀死或钝化。完成杀菌消毒过程后，由于臭氧的还原特性，常温下几十分钟臭氧又还原为氧气。所以用臭氧杀菌消毒无污染、无残留．是目前人们公认的绿色灭菌消毒技术。     

臭氧发生器对药厂检测室消毒效果试验观察

用BGY-Q4臭氧发生器对药厂检测室进行消毒,测定不同开机时间时空间内臭氧浓度,并采用平板沉降法进行采样,测算臭氧对微生物的消毒效果。结果表明,开机10min时臭氧浓度为1.4mg/m3时,对室内空气中自然菌的杀灭率为38%,随着开机时间的延长,室内臭氧浓度和对室内空气自然菌的杀菌率明显提高,至开机40min时臭氧浓度为7.15mg/m3时,对室内空气自然菌的杀菌率为92%。这说明,该臭氧发生器对药厂检测室内自然菌的消毒杀菌效果高效、可靠。     

Ozone Disinfection Test in Chicken House

[Objective] The paper was to verify the disinfection effect of ozone on livestock and poultry houses.[Method] The empty chicken house was disinfected by ozone with the help of ozone disinfector.[Result] As the ozone disinfector was worked for 60 min,the average sterilizing rate of air was 85.33%;the average sterilizing rate on the surface of chicken coop was 86.77%;and the average sterilizing rate of wall was 89.13%.The disinfection effect was obvious.[Conclusion] The results will provide references for promotion and application of ozone disinfector in breeding in-dustry.     

臭氧消毒对家蚕病原体的灭活作用研究初报

为了明确臭氧对家蚕病原微生物的消毒效果,用新产生的臭氧气流对家蚕几种病原微生物进行了杀灭效果试验,结果表明,新生臭氧气流处理30min,可使家蚕大多数病原体完全失活或使其致病力下降,且对蚕体的生长发育及生理机能无不良影响。     

Ozone disinfection of eggs from gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, red porgy, and common dentex Dentex dentex

The risk of fish pathogen transmission via eggs can be reduced by disinfection in ozonated seawater. The aim of this study was to determine the suitable conditions for ozone disinfection of the eggs of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, red porgy Pagrus pagrus, and common dentex Dentex dentex. The eggs were disinfected with a concentration (C) of 0.5 mg of ozone/L of water at four different exposure times (T = 2, 4, 8, and 16 min). The hatching rate was determined in triplicate for each treatment. Bacterial colonies were counted on tryptic soy agar and thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar. At the end of the experiment, bacterial load and hatching rate were assessed together to determine the optimal ozone treatment values, which were estimated in CT units (i.e., C [= 0.5 mg/L] x T [min]). Optimal values were CT 2-4 (T = 4-8 min; 18 degrees C) for gilthead seabream and red porgy, CT 2 (T = 4 min; 18 degrees C) for common dentex, and CT 4 (T = 8 min; 15 degrees C) for sea bass.     

Survival of pseudorabies virus in aerosol

The survival of pseudorabies virus in an aerosol was studied under different environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Pseudorabies virus decayed logarithmically with mean half-lives of 17.4 (85% relative humidity, 22 C), 18.8 (25% relative humidity, 22 C), 27.3 (85% relative humidity, 4 C), 36.1 (55% relative humidity, 22 C), and 43.6 (55% relative humidity, 4 C) minutes. Virus survival was significantly improved in environments at 55% relative humidity, compared with those at 85% relative humidity (P = 0.017). Rates of survival were improved in environment at 4 C in comparison with those at 22 C. Results suggest that, under the best conditions of this study, the infectivity of pseudorabies virus in an aerosol decreases by 50% in less than 1 hour.     

蚕茧干燥工艺中相对湿度的控制及与茧层含水率关系的研究

研究认为 :蚕茧干燥中室内相对湿度峰值不出现在临排气前的 82℃时段 ,而是位于鲜茧进灶 10min左右的 70℃附近 ;在现行干燥设备及控湿条件下 ,等速干燥阶段空气相对湿度基本符合干燥工艺要求 ,但减速干燥阶段则相差较大 ,应进行人工补湿。对茧层含水率的测定分析认为 ,预热段加温速度会对茧层含水率产生影响 ,快速加温有利于缩短杀蛹时间 ,维持较适当的茧层含水率。但生产上以中速偏快加温方式 (加温速度 1 0～ 1.2℃ /min)为宜。茧层含水率高低与灶内空气相对湿度的大小有密切联系 ,二者相关系数达 0 8312 ,且相对湿度 2 0 %及以上时与 10 %及以下时的茧层含水率间差异达显著水平     

The effect of the microclimate in the insemination facility on conception in sows after the first insemination

In the course of the year, the temperature and relative humidity of the insemination hall of a large pig farm were studied in ten three-week periods. The results were compared with the conception rate of sows inseminated in these periods. The macroclimatic conditions were also studied, and the influence of macroclimate (including temperature and relative humidity) on the microclimate of insemination hall was evaluated. The studied microclimate parameters were found to influence the conception of sows in the first three weeks after insemination. Highly significant differences (significance level of alpha = 0.01) were recorded in the conception of sows after the first insemination, in the occurrence of optimum and increased temperatures, in the occurrence of optimum and increased relative humidity in the summer and winter months. A significant difference at the significance level of alpha = 0.05 was found when the occurrence of increased relative humidity was compared. A high temperature was recorded only in the summer months. In summer and in the first half of autumn (from the 9th of June to the 13th of October) when increased to high temperatures and increased to high relative humidity prevailed in the insemination hall (optimum temperature only in 2.0 to 23.3% of the period; optimum relative humidity in 11.1 to 50.0% of the period), the sow conception rate after the first insemination was low (45.5 to 49.7%). In autumn the microclimatic conditions in the insemination hall returned to the optimum. From the 4th of November to the 16th of February the optimum temperature (optimum in 71.6 to 89.7% of the period) and optimum relative humidity (optimum in 74.2 to 90.7% of the period) prevailed in the insemination hall, enabling an improvement in the conception of sows after the first insemination (71.4 to 80.1%). The temperature inside the insemination hall was influenced by changes in outside temperatures whereas the relative humidity inside the insemination hall was influenced mainly by internal factors.     

Effects of ozone and ultraviolet radiation treatments on the infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts

Clinical toxoplasmosis in humans has been epidemiologically linked to the consumption of drinking water contaminated by Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. We evaluated killing of T. gondii oocysts after ultraviolet (UV) or ozone treatments by bioassay in mice and/or cell culture. A 4-log inactivation of the oocyst/sporozoite infectivity was obtained for UV fluences >20 mJ cm(-2). In contrast, oocysts were not inactivated by ozone with an exposure (Ct) up to 9.4 mg min l (-1) in water at 20 degrees C. In conclusion, UV treatment can be an effective disinfection method to inactivate T. gondii oocysts in drinking water, but ozone did not show promise in this research.     

The effect of microclimatic parameters and the birth date on the number of Mahogany mink kits born and reared

Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the number of Mahogany kits born and reared under changing microclimatic conditions on the farm. We found a significant influence of air temperature and relative humidity on the reproduction of Mahogany minks. Due to low temperature and high relative humidity during that period (20–25 April), the percentage of dead kits in a litter was the highest (13.7%), and the percentage of kits reared was the lowest at 76.2%, as compared to 87.8–94.2% in other periods. We established that the later a birth occurred, the lower the number of kits in the litter. We observed that as temperature was increased and relative humidity was decreased, the percentage of dead kits in a litter became lower. The negative effect of high relative humidity on the reproduction results was confirmed by negative values of the correlation between humidity and the number of kits born and reared.     

Effect of temperature, relative humidity and medium on the aerosol stability of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.

Aerosols of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were generated with a Devilbiss 40 nebulizer from Eagle's minimum essential medium, nasal secretion from a noninfected calf and nasal secretion from a calf artificially infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and aged in a rotating drum at temperatures of 6 degrees C or 32 degrees C and relative humidities of 30% or 90%. The aerosols were sampled at seven minutes after start of spraying, one hour, two hours and three hours with an all glass impinger (AGI-30) and titrated for infectivity in cell cultures. Physical decay was determined by a rhodamine B tracer technique. During spraying (seven minutes from start of spraying), the virus was usually more stable in aerosols of nasal secretion from a noninfected calf and at 90% relative humidity. In nasal secretion from a noninfected calf the virus survived best at 90% relative humidity when the temperature was 6 degrees C and best at 30% relative humidity when the temperature was 32 degrees C. During aging, biological decay was greater at the higher temperature, and at 6 degrees C, the highest decay rates occurred at 30% relative humidity in Eagle's minimum essential medium and at 90% relative humidity in nasal secretion from a noninfected calf. The stability of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infected nasal secretion was not widely different from that in noninfected nasal secretion, although under certain conditions greater survival occurred in the noninfected secretion.