非淀粉多糖酶制剂在犬粮中的应用前景

玉米粉、小麦粉、大豆等植物性饲料原料在商品犬粮和自配犬粮中都有应用,且在配制过程中比例较高,可以为犬提供能量及各种养分。但由于植物细胞壁中还有一定数量的非淀粉多糖（NSP）,本身不能被单胃动物消化,而且会阻碍消化酶进入细胞内进行消化,从而降低饲料的消化率,同时还能增加消化道内容物的黏度,降低犬的免疫力,所以一般认为非淀粉多糖是抗营养因子。在生产商品犬粮或自配犬粮的过程中,可以将非淀粉多糖酶制剂作为添加剂添加到犬粮中,帮助犬消化非淀粉多糖,破坏植物细胞壁,提高饲料消化率和犬的免疫力。由于商品犬粮及自配犬粮在生产过程中需膨化或煮熟,所以在添加非淀粉多糖酶制剂时,应选择使用耐高温的非淀粉多糖酶,同时应注意添加的时机和含量,保证酶的活性。     

鲑鱼饲料中添加大豆卵磷脂生长快

美国加利福尼亚大学动物系研究人员对平均体重1.5克的鲑鱼投喂4种试验饵料,饵料中分别添加大豆卵磷脂和氯化胆碱,进行了为期84天的试验。4种试验饵料处理如下:饲料1,不添加大豆卵磷脂和氯化胆碱;饲料2,添加大豆卵磷脂30克/公斤,不添加胆碱;饲料3,添加胆碱5克/公斤,不添加大豆卵磷脂;饲料4,添加胆碱5克/公斤并添加大豆卵磷脂30克/     

日粮胆碱水平及其存在形式对肉仔鸡的影响

动物体内胆碱的来源靠体内合成和饲料供给,饲料中胆碱主要以卵磷脂形式存在,游离胆碱的含量不足１０％（霍启光,１９９２）［１］。Ｌｉｐｓｔｅｉｎ等（１９７７）用半纯合日粮饲喂生长鸡,以生长、肝重和预防胫骨短粗症为衡量指标,探讨粗制大豆卵磷脂中胆碱的利用,结论认为：粗制大豆卵磷脂中的胆碱与氯化胆碱的利用一样有效［２］;Ｂｕｄｏｗｓｉ等（１９７７）在３０日龄生长鸡酪蛋白葡萄糖日粮中分别添加氯化胆碱和大豆卵磷脂粗品,结果发现二者整段肠道表观吸收率并没有显著差别,作为胆碱源大豆卵磷脂粗品可以取代氯化胆碱［３…     

添加卵磷脂强化鱼虾生长

卵磷脂的主要营养成分包括胆碱、肌醇、磷和脂肪酸。在水产养殖业和动物饲料中,这些养分都很重要。在水产养殖日粮中补充大豆卵磷脂,可以提供上述所有这些养分,从而可使饲料加工厂减少在日粮中添加胆碱、肌醇、磷和脂肪的用量。还有一项附带的作用,即由于卵磷脂所特具的功能,它在提高饲料质量的同时,还可清除通常在饲料加工过程中出现的各种问题。     

保健犬粮对德国牧羊犬种公犬产仔数的影响

正我国中草药兼具营养、保健和治病功能。近年来,中草药在饲料方面的应用成为一个热点。在本研究的预实验中,发现公犬饲喂含中草药的犬粮后,配种能力有明显的上升趋势。为进一步深入研究,将含红参、天冬、麦冬、茯苓等多种中药成份添加到饲料中制成保健犬粮,统计17头德国牧羊犬公犬种公犬于2014年(饲喂一般犬粮)     

新型绿色饲料添加剂——大豆低聚糖

大豆低聚糖是功能性低聚糖的一种,具有调节肠道菌群平衡、降血脂、抗癌、保护肝脏和增强机体免疫功能等作用.许多研究表明,在饲料中添加功能性低聚糖可以控制沙门菌感染,提高动物的体增重、饲料转化率和机体的免疫能力.日本已将大豆低聚糖作为添加剂应用于食品,国内对其也进行了深入研究,但将大豆低聚糖作为饲料添加剂应用于畜禽生产报道很少.现对大豆低聚糖在饲料中的应用作一综述.     

脱油卵磷脂在猪日粮中的应用

据美国《国际饲料》报道:在传统饲料配方中添加某些类型的卵磷脂产品,可提高饲料转化率。近期研究还发现,脱油大豆卵磷脂中的特殊磷脂复合物在仔猪饲料中有良好的“抗脂肪肝”效果。动物和植物体内均含有磷脂化合物,磷脂由两种醇组成,植物卵磷脂主要     

大豆磷脂在饲料中的应用

随着饲料工业的发展，动物保健品的需求量与日剧增。作为动物保健品的大豆卵磷脂在饲料中的应用逐步扩大。大豆卵磷脂为天然营养添加剂，无毒副作用，日益受到养殖界朋友的关注。８０年代末，笔者为了提高大豆卵磷脂的乳化性能开发出改性大豆磷脂。经过几十年的实践，大豆粗磷脂和改性大豆磷脂都可以用于饲料。应用时依据成本、对象和目的可自由选择。 一、大豆磷脂来源、结构、物化性质１．磷脂来源与结构 磷脂存在于各种油料种子中，多以复合物的形式存在于细胞原生质中。磷脂由甘油、脂肪酸、磷酸及氨基醇等成分所组成，能溶解于油脂及非…     

水产饲料中添加卵磷脂的效果

卵磷脂是精制豆油时的副产物,故又名大豆卵磷脂。目前市售的卵磷脂产品有含量为50%左右的液体卵磷脂和含量为97%左右的脱脂卵磷脂(deoi Ied Ieci thin)两种。这些产品中磷脂质的成分主要是磷酯酰胆碱、磷酯酰肌醇、磷酯酰乙醇胺、磷脂酸和固醇等。大豆卵磷脂在食品和家畜饲料中已进行了广泛的应用研究,并取得了良好的经济效益。研究表明,在水产     

海藻粉和亚麻籽对贵宾犬被毛品质及生长性能、表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究在犬粮中添加海藻粉和亚麻籽对贵宾犬被毛品质及生长性能、表观消化率的影响。挑选27只体重相近的贵宾成犬分为三个处理组:对照组、试验I组、试验II组,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加海藻粉和亚麻籽的试验I粮和市面上畅销的美毛犬粮为试验II粮,于犬舍中进行养殖试验,试验期为28天,通过考评试验前后犬毛发的手感力度、柔顺度、光亮度,以及测定整个试验中试验动物的生长性能、表观消化率,整体评估犬粮中添加海藻粉和亚麻籽的效果。得出结论如下:犬粮中添加海藻粉和亚麻籽能够改善贵宾成犬的被毛品质,同时显著提高生长性能和表观消化率,可以作为一种美毛商品功能粮添加剂。     

大豆磷脂理化性质及其在猪饲料中的应用

大豆磷脂是一种具有特殊理化性质和营养功能的植物性油脂,在饲料中的应用非常广泛。在猪饲料中添加大豆磷脂可提高断奶仔猪存活率和饲料转化率,改善母猪的繁殖性能。主要对大豆磷脂的理化性质、生理功能及其在养猪生产中的应用作一介绍,以期为养殖人员提供参考。     

不同发酵豆粕营养价值及应用

豆粕是畜禽优质的蛋白质饲料,但因含有多种抗营养因子而影响动物对其蛋白质的利用。采用固体发酵法不仅可消除豆粕中抗营养因子,且会使豆粕中蛋白质分解为利于动物吸收的小肽和氨基酸,提高豆粕的营养价值。作者就不同发酵豆粕的营养价值及应用进行综述。     

豆粕抗营养因子及其生物改性的研究

豆粕是饲料工业应用最广泛的植物性蛋白质原料,但由于存在多种抗营养因子,降低了豆粕利用率。微生物发酵法不仅可有效去除豆粕抗营养因子,而且能积累有益代谢产物,提高豆粕营养价值。本文综述了豆粕抗营养因子种类、特征及其作用机理,重点论述了微生物发酵豆粕增值除弊的研究进展。     

Identification and concentration of soy phytoestrogens in commercial dog foods

OBJECTIVE: To identify and determine the concentrations of phytoestrogens in commercial dog foods. SAMPLE POPULATION: 24 commercial dog foods, including 12 moist or dry extruded commercial dog foods that contained soybeans or soybean fractions and 12 foods without any soybean-related ingredients listed on the label. PROCEDURE: Foods were analyzed for phytoestrogen content, including 4 isoflavones (genistein, glycitein, daidzein, and biochanin A), 1 coumestan (coumestrol), and 2 lignans (secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol) by use of acid-methanol hydrolysis and high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV-absorbance detection. Phytoestrogens were identified and quantified by reference to authentic standards. RESULTS: Isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans were undetectable in diets that did not list soybean-related ingredients on the label. Only 1 of the 12 diets that included soybean or soybean fractions had undetectable concentrations of phytoestrogens and that product contained soy fiber. The major phytoestrogens were the isoflavones daidzein (24 to 615 microg/g of dry matter) and genistein (4 to 238 microg/g of dry matter). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Soybean and soybean fractions are commonly used ingredients in commercial dog foods. Dietary intake of phytoestrogens may have both beneficial and deleterious health effects. Our results indicated that certain commercial dog foods contain phytoestrogens in amounts that could have biological effects when ingested long-term.     

Effects of exogenous emulsifiers and fat sources on nutrient digestibility, serum lipids, and growth performance in weanling pigs.

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether emulsifiers improve utilization of fat from diets for early-weaned pigs. In Exp. 1, 96 weanling pigs (17 d old) were used in metabolism cages, with main effects of fat source (soybean oil, tallow, lard, and coconut oil) and emulsifier treatment (no emulsifier, lecithin, and lysolecithin as 10% of the added fat). Soybean oil and coconut oil were more digestible than tallow and lard (P < .001). Tallow was more digestible when lecithin and lysolecithin were added (P < .007), and pigs fed lecithin had lower serum triglycerides and cholesterol than pigs fed lysolecithin (P < .03). In Exp. 2, 270 weanling pigs (21 d old) were used in a growth assay. Treatments were 1) control diet; 2) Diet 1 with soybean oil; 3) Diet 1 with tallow; 4, 5, and 6) Diet 3 with lecithin replacing 5, 10, and 30% of the tallow, respectively; and 7, 8, and 9) Diet 3 with lysolecithin replacing 5, 10, and 30% of the tallow, respectively. At d 14 of the experiment, digestibility of tallow was improved more by lecithin than lysolecithin (P < .008). For the total experiment (d 0 to 35), the control pigs had poorer gain:feed ratio than did the pigs fed the fat sources (P < .002). In Exp. 3, 420 weanling pigs (21 d old) were used. Treatments were 1) control diet with soybean oil; 2) Diet 1 with tallow; and 3, 4, and 5) Diet 2 with 10% of the added fat as soybean oil, lecithin, or monoglyceride, respectively. Adding soybean oil, lecithin, and monoglyceride to tallow increased digestibility of total fat (P < .07). From d 0 to 14, pigs fed soybean oil gained weight faster than pigs fed the other treatments (P < .06), and pigs fed tallow without emulsifiers had the lowest ADG. Considering all experiments, addition of emulsifiers increased digestibility of nutrients but had minimal effect on growth performance.     

Substitution of plant protein for fish meal in the diet of laying ducks

Fish meal is a good source of protein feed that can be used to get a high production yield even though it has a comparatively higher price. Plant protein has been found to substitute for fish meal without any adverse effect on production as well as helping to reduce feed cost. Moreover, it is not necessary for a level more than 5% fish meal in the diet of laying ducks. One type of plant protein is soybean meal, considered one of the most valuable sources of vegetable protein and whose amino acid composition is comparable to that of milk protein. In a soybean meal, the first limiting amino acid is methionine. Soybean meal can substitute for fish meal in laying ducks' diet but supplementation of methionine and lysine is recommended. Since sesame meal is rich in methionine and agrinine, 50% of soybean meal can be replaced by sesame meal without adverse effects. Leucaena leaf meal is also a valuable source of protein (26%) and carotenoids but it also has a toxic amino acid (mimosine). However, soaking leucaena leaf meal in water can remove the toxic amino acid and can be used, together with added methionine and lysine, as 10% of the diet for laying ducks.     

大豆异黄酮在畜禽养殖中的应用及研究

大豆异黄酮是大豆中富含的一类黄酮类化合物。由于其具有较弱的雌激素活性．大豆异黄酮在治疗和预防与雌激素有关的疾病方面具有重要的功效。大豆异黄酮还具有促进畜禽日增重、提高饲料利用率和生产性能以及促进畜禽免疫机能等生理功能。介绍了大豆异黄酮的性质、作用机理、在畜禽养殖中的应用及在医学中的功效。     

Soybean hulls, wheat middlings, and corn gluten feed as supplements for cattle on forage-based diets.

Soybean hulls, wheat midds, and corn gluten feed are viable alternative supplements for forage-fed cattle. All three result from the processing of major Unites States agricultural crops, so large supplies are available. Their value is better for ruminant animals than for monogastrics because they contain digestible fiber components. These byproducts are widely available throughout the Unites States and will generally be more economical than traditional feed grains or commercial feeds when used appropriately as supplements to forage-based diets. Knowledge about the composition of base forage must be used in planning supplementation strategies because base forages vary in protein and mineral content [9]. Soybean hulls alone may be a good selection in situations in which forages are adequate or high in protein. In situations where forage is marginal or deficient in protein, wheat midds, corn gluten feed, or a mix of soybean hulls and corn gluten feed might be most desirable. All three feeds can be variable in nutrient composition, so they should be analyzed to ensure a balanced nutrient level in diets. Soybean hulls are especially variable in crude protein content and should always be analyzed when forages are marginal or deficient in protein. Despite the fact that published energy levels are substantially lower, research has shown that soybean hulls and wheat midds have a value comparable to corn and soybean meal in forage-based diets. Corn gluten feed has also been comparable to corn and soybean meal in most reports but is closer in value to its published energy levels. In general, results with soybean hulls have been surprisingly good and consistent, whereas responses to wheat midds and corn gluten feed supplementation have been more variable and sometimes disappointing. Feeding rates for soybean hulls can range from low to extremely high depending on forage availability and desired performance. Wheat midds should be limited in most situations to 50% of the expected dry matter intake because of their rapidly digested starch content. Corn gluten feed should be limited to approximately 50% of expected dry matter intake because of its high sulfur content. Several research groups are currently evaluating self-feeding programs for these byproducts, and while the potential for health and production problems exist, results have been encouraging in most cases. Self-feeding would reduce the labor costs of hand feeding and could provide backgrounders with a program to expand cattle numbers on a limited land base.     

发酵豆粕在犊牛饲料中的应用进展

豆粕是一种优质的植物性蛋白来源,含有丰富的氨基酸,但也含有胰蛋白酶抑制因子、抗原蛋白以及大豆凝集素等抗营养因子,容易引起犊牛消化功能紊乱,造成营养性腹泻,限制了其在犊牛上的使用量。微生物发酵可以改善豆粕的营养价值,使抗营养因子得到充分的降解,生成的小肽和有机酸有利于犊牛消化吸收和肠道健康,进而提高犊牛断奶日增重和免疫能力,降低犊牛的腹泻率和断奶应激。本文综述了豆粕经过发酵后带来营养价值的变化,并就发酵豆粕在犊牛上的应用进行概述,为其今后在犊牛中的应用提供参考。     

大豆异黄酮的生理作用及其在畜牧生产中的应用

大豆异黄酮是从大豆中提取出的一类植物雌激素类物质,主要包括染料木黄酮、大豆黄酮和黄豆黄素等。近年来,研究者对大豆异黄酮在畜禽生产上的应用效果进行了广泛研究,发现其生物利用率高,可调控动物机体养分代谢,改善饲料利用率,并具有抗氧化作用,可改善动物产品品质,提高动物免疫机能和生产性能。此文主要从大豆异黄酮的生理作用及其在畜牧生产中的应用进行综述。