共查询到14条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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辣椒染色体倍性水平的快速检测 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为了寻求简便、快速的辣椒染色体倍性鉴定方法,以辣椒纯系B19、B23花药培养产生的单倍体植株(n=x=12)及用其种子长成的二倍体植株为试材,对用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法鉴定其倍数性进行了研究。结果表明,单倍体和二倍体辣椒植株气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数平均值的差异极显著,单倍体的叶绿体数在13以下,二倍体的叶绿体数等于或大于13;气孔叶绿体数目随染色体倍数性的增加而增加,用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目预测植株倍性的准确率可达92.68%。表明采用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法可以在苗期快速、准确地确定植株的染色体倍性。 相似文献
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甘蓝类蔬菜小孢子再生植株染色体倍性与气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的相关性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
【目的】研究甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢子再生植株的染色体倍性与气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的相关性,为甘蓝类蔬菜提供一种快速、简易、经济、实用而又可靠的倍性鉴定方法。【方法】采用分布型分析和t测验,对结球甘蓝、青花菜和芥蓝不同倍性的小孢子再生植株的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数进行统计分析。以根尖染色体计数法和田间形态学观察法的倍性鉴定结果,对叶绿体数分界法的可靠性进行验证。【结果】同一倍性植株上的不同叶片间及同一叶片的不同部位间,气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数平均值及变异幅度非常接近。同一小孢子再生植株群体内的不同倍性植株的叶绿体数平均值差异极显著。不同倍性植株间的气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数均呈正态分布。本研究提出了一种根据甘蓝类蔬菜气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数进行染色体倍性鉴定的方法,即气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数≤10的为单倍体,10<叶绿体数≤15的为二倍体,>15的为多倍体。该方法经花期形态学观察和根尖染色体计数法验证,其吻合率达93.93%,且此倍性鉴定方法稳定,不受植株生长环境等外界因素影响。【结论】甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢子再生植株的染色体倍性,可于幼苗期根据气孔叶绿体数目的多少进行鉴定,而且此倍性鉴定方法简单、快捷、经济而又可靠。 相似文献
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用西瓜叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数鉴定西瓜染色体倍性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了寻求简便、快速的西瓜染色体倍性鉴定方法,以二倍体西瓜TS和0517及其同源四倍体为试材,通过观察叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数来鉴定西瓜染色体倍性.结果表明,两倍性间的叶绿体数差异显著.二倍体叶绿体数在15个以下,四倍体叶绿体数大于等于15个;气孔叶绿体数随染色体倍性的增加而增加,用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数预测植株倍性的准确率可达90.2%,因此,用万能荧光显微镜观察叶绿体数可以在苗期快速、准确地确定植株的染色体倍性. 相似文献
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为了提高气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法鉴定烟草花粉植株染色体倍性的效率,对烟草植株染色体数与气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,各倍性烟草植株气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数平均值之比符合相应倍性间的染色体数的比值:叶绿体数的分布服从正态分布. 相似文献
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以南瓜胚囊再生植株为材料,采用形态学鉴定法、根尖染色体计数法和气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法3种方法对46株南瓜胚囊再生植株的倍性进行鉴定。结果表明:在46株再生植株中,有12株再生植株生长势弱、叶片较薄、叶脉不明显、分枝少、根系不发达,与其他倍性植株在形态上有明显差异;进一步进行染色体计数后,发现仅有7株再生植株的染色体数n=x=22,7株单倍体植株的保卫细胞叶绿体数的平均值为4.28个,正常二倍体组培苗的平均叶绿体数目为8.37个。说明形态学鉴定法只能作为倍性鉴定的一种辅助方法,而染色体计数法虽直接、准确,但效率低,气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数法高效、简便。 相似文献
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棉种染色体倍性与叶片气孔性状的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
观察了棉属(Gossypium)中不同染色体组的二倍体棉种、四倍体棉种及种间杂种共9个材料的叶片气孔,测定了气孔密度、气孔保卫细胞的大小、气孔最大开张程度及保卫细胞内叶绿体数目。结果表明,不同染色体组问、不同棉种间和不同染色体倍性间在这些性状上均存在明显的差异。并且。随着染色体倍性提高。四倍体棉种的气孔保卫细胞的大小和叶绿体数目增加,而气孔密度则比二倍体棉种的小。因此,认为通过对上述叶片气孔性状的测定分析,可以用于鉴定不同染色体倍性的棉花植株。 相似文献
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饲用甜菜染色体倍性与叶片气孔性状相关性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以饲用甜菜二倍体和四倍体为试验材料,研究了气孔的长、宽度及气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目与倍性的关系.结果表明:二倍体植株与四倍体植株的气孔长、宽度和保卫细胞叶绿体数之间差异显著.四倍体气孔长度约为二倍体的1.8倍,宽度约为二倍体的1.42倍;且相对于气孔宽度,气孔长度具有更好的可靠性和区分效果;二倍体植株与四倍体植株的保卫细胞叶绿体数的平均值分别为13.69和23.24,可将保卫细胞气孔长度与保卫细胞叶绿体数两个气孔性状相结合,作为饲用甜菜多倍体育种初期的筛选鉴定指标. 相似文献
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观察了棉属(Gossypium)不同染色体组、不同染色体倍性的种间杂种及其加倍后代的28个材料的叶片气孔,测定了气孔密度、气孔保卫细胞的大小及其中叶绿粒数目.结果表明,不同染色体组间、不同棉种间和不同染色体倍性间在这些性状上均存在明显的差异.这些差异的总趋势是染色体倍性间>染色体组间>种间>种内.染色体倍性提高,气孔保卫细胞的大小及其中叶绿粒数目增加,而气孔器密度减小.认为叶片气孔保卫细胞中的叶绿粒计数配合保卫细胞大小和气孔器密度的测量,可以用于不同染色体倍性棉花植株的鉴定. 相似文献
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YUAN Su-xia LIU Yu-mei FANG Zhi-yuan YANG Li-mei ZHUANG Mu ZHANG Yang-yong SUN Pei-tian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(8)
The relationship between the ploidy level of microspore-derived plants and chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells was studied in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale. In the experiment, distribution statistics analysis and t-test were used to perform statistical analysis on chloroplast number of different ploidy level in those stomatal guard cells mentioned above, and morphology identifying and chromosome counting were used to test accuracy of counting chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. The chloroplast average number in stomatal guard cells was very similar among the different leaf positions on the same plant and among the different locations in the same leaf, while the chloroplast number varied significantly among the different ploidy stoma in the same variety. All the distributions of the chloroplast number in different ploidy stoma were normal distribution fitted. A correlation has been established between ploidy and chloroplast number in the stomatal guard cells. In every single stoma of microspore-derived plants, the chloroplast number for a haploid should not be more than 10, diploids 11 to 15, and polyploids more than 15. The accuracy of this method for identification of different ploidy plants was 93.93%. Furthermore, the accuracy of this method was reliable and did not vary with the plants growth conditions. Therefore, the chromosome ploidy of plants derived from microspore culture in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale can be identified by simply counting the chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. 相似文献
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YUAN Su-xia LIU Yu-mei FANG Zhi-yuan YANG Li-mei ZHUANG Mu ZHANG Yang-yong SUN Pei-tian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(8):939-946
The relationship between the ploidy level of microspore-derived plants and chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells was studied in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale. In the experiment, distribution statistics analysis and t-test were used to perform statistical analysis on chloroplast number of different ploidy level in those stomatal guard cells mentioned above, and morphology identifying and chromosome counting were used to test accuracy of counting chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. The chloroplast average number in stomatal guard cells was very similar among the different leaf positions on the same plant and among significantly among the different ploidy the different locations in the same stoma in the same variety. All the leaf, while the chloroplast number varied distributions of the chloroplast number in different ploidy stoma were normal distribution fitted. A correlation has been established between ploidy and chloroplast number in the stomatal guard cells. In every single stoma of microspore-derived plants, the chloroplast number for a haploid should not be more than 10, diploids 11 to 15, and polyploids more than 15. The accuracy of this method for identification of different ploidy plants was 93.93%. Furthermore, the accuracy of this method was reliable and did not vary with the plants growth conditions. Therefore, the chromosome ploidy of plants derived from microspore culture in cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese kale can be identified by simply counting the chloroplast number in stomatal guard cells. 相似文献
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