转轮除湿干燥技术研究进展

转轮除湿干燥技术可以显著缩短产品干燥时间,实现低温快速干燥,但当前转轮除湿存在干燥能耗大,结构不合理等问题.从除湿能量循环利用、吸附材料组合、数学模型建立、再生能源利用与模式分析、系统配置优化、干燥工艺探究及试验测试和操作优化等角度简述国内外转轮除湿干燥技术研究进展.分析表明:目前转轮除湿干燥缺乏对除湿能耗综合分析与结...     

稻谷热管辅助热泵除湿干燥技术

针对热泵除湿干燥系统因降温除湿致使干燥介质热空气温度偏低,影响稻谷干燥速率和能耗,在热泵蒸发器两侧设计一套分离式热管换热器,对环境空气进行预冷却和预加热,在不增加能耗的前提下,提高了热泵除湿系统的除湿量和干燥空气的温度。试验研究表明当环境温度为27℃、空气相对温度为60%~78%时,热管换热器对应降低除湿能耗28.4%~9.6%。在环境温度为26.2℃、空气相对湿度为80.2%时,热管辅助热泵除湿稻谷干燥能耗为1560kJ/kg,相对热泵除湿干燥系统节能18.2%。     

以图像计算收缩率优化香菇真空缓苏干燥工艺

利用数字图像处理技术分析香菇干燥前后面积收缩率,是评价香菇干燥品质的有效方法。采用真空缓苏（间断）干燥是提高香菇干燥品质,节省能源的有效措施;通过四因素五水平二次回归正交试验设计,研究干燥室真空度、加热板温度、缓苏时刻含水率、缓苏时间4个因素对干燥过程中面积收缩率和干燥时间的影响,建立了多元回归数学模型;利用多目标非线性优化理论与方法,对香菇真空缓苏干燥工艺参数进行了优化并验证,确定最适宜的工艺参数为：加热板温度70℃,干燥室真空度0.09 MPa,缓苏时刻含水率70%,缓苏时间11.3 min,该参数对生产实际中的香菇干燥具有指导意义。     

干燥冷却空调系统的研究进展与应用

干燥冷却空调由低品位热源驱动,干燥转轮处理潜热负荷,蒸发冷却器处理显热负荷,实现温湿度独立控制。与传统空调相比,低品位热源与除湿转轮相结合的新型空调系统在人体舒适度、能源节约、保护环境等方面都具有优势。文章介绍了除湿转轮的工作机理,干燥冷却空调系统形式,太阳能及其他低品位热源在干燥冷却空调系统中的发展与应用情况。     

甘蓝型油菜籽薄层热风干燥的能耗分析与研究

在热力学第一定律的基础上,对干燥过程的能量消耗进行了分析与研究。基于干燥过程中能量消耗为水分蒸发消耗能量与物料升温消耗能量之和,建立了薄层热风干燥过程的能耗模型。将干燥过程中水分蒸发所消耗的热量处理为能量方程中的源项,并引入了活化能与能耗比的概念,得到了薄层热风干燥过程的温度场分布与总能耗变化情况。分析表明:活化能的计算值与理论值的偏差为9. 19%;薄层热风干燥过程中适当地提高干燥速率,可减少干燥时间和干燥过程中的能量消耗。     

石墨烯低温远红外辐射干燥稻谷干燥特性与品质研究

为研究稻谷的石墨烯低温远红外干燥特性及其对稻谷干燥品质的影响,以辐射温度、排粮流量和除湿风量为影响因素,以整精米率和应力裂纹指数增值为评价指标,用自制的循环式石墨烯低温远红外干燥机进行稻谷干燥试验,通过BBD（Box-Behnken设计）响应面法,分析了低温远红外干燥对稻谷干燥品质的影响以及工艺参数优化。结果表明：影响稻谷干燥特性和品质的最主要因素是辐射温度,其次是排粮流量和除湿风量。随着辐射温度的升高,稻谷干燥速率和应力裂纹指数增值逐步增大,整精米率则逐步降低。与同温度的热风干燥相比,石墨烯低温远红外干燥平均干燥速率和干燥品质均有显著提高。经优化后,稻谷最佳石墨烯低温远红外干燥工艺条件为：辐射温度43℃、排粮流量4kg/min、除湿风量193m3/h,此时应力裂纹指数增值为9,整精米率为79.75%,稻谷干燥品质最佳。这说明利用石墨烯低温远红外干燥稻谷,可以明显提高干燥速率并改善稻谷干燥品质。     

冲孔网板双循环穿流热风干燥试验台设计

根据果蔬干燥特性和穿流带式干燥的原理及特点,在分析穿流干燥工艺的基础上,建立双循环穿流干燥试验台.该试验台为上下穿流循环系统,各系统均可独立运行,穿流风速0～10 m/s,温度30～150℃,相对湿度0～100％,可实现自动进风和排湿、能耗显示、各参数显示及记录等功能.在该试验台进行了红辣椒干燥试验,研究了前期干燥温度、后期干燥温度和铺料厚度因素对干燥单位能耗的影响,得出前期干燥温度70℃(20 min)+60℃ (40 min),后期干燥温度55℃,铺料厚度14 cm的干燥工艺可获得最少单位能耗.     

热风红外联合干燥装置均风板的设计与试验

为提高苜蓿干燥过程中的均匀性和热利用效率，设计了一台热风红外联合干燥装置，并进行了干燥腔内均风板结构的优化设计，分析了在侧向进风条件下的不同结构参数对流场均匀性的影响。采用数值分析与试验相结合的方法，通过单因素和正交试验对均风板进行结构参数优化，以均风板级数、孔径、孔径比、开孔率和均风板间距为试验因素，以气流速度的变异系数为评价指标，确定了最佳的结构参数并进行试验验证。仿真结果表明：在结构参数为一级均风板孔径12mm、孔径比0.75、二级均风板开孔率12.57%、两级均风板间距20mm时，整体流场的变异系数最低为6.15%。验证试验结果显示：平均速度的相对偏差为4.92%,流场的变异系数的相对偏差小于2%,空气流速的相对偏差低于12%,气流均化效果明显。研究结果可为苜蓿干燥装置均风板的优化设计提供理论参考。     

液体除湿剂氯化钙再生特性的实验研究

在农业工程领域,对空气进行除湿(降温)技术有着广泛的应用,如应用在我国南方夏季温室的除湿降温、农产品的低温干燥、农产品生产及储藏间的温湿度调节等方面。因此,应用氯化钙溶液作为空气除湿(降温)系统中除湿剂,具有较好的经济性和适用性,并可通过太阳能和地热能进行再生。实验研究表明,浓度为30%～34%的氯化钙溶液在温度为50～75℃的热源条件下可实现再生,影响再生的效果的主控因子是再生温度、蒸发面积和再生时间。     

混合加热式蔬菜脱水机供风装置试验研究

针对现有远红外蔬菜脱水机存在的气流与蔬菜接触不够充分和除湿效果差等问题,将现有设备的输送链板改为鱼鳞孔板,同时还采用了变截面送风等技术,对现有设备的供风系统进行了改进,在实施热风与远红外混合加热的同时,实现了供风与引风系统的"并流".改进后的设备采用穿流供风干燥工艺,即干燥箱中的气流由下往上穿过物料层,与物料接触充分,改善了干燥效果.对胡萝卜和甘蓝两种蔬菜进行对比试验.结果表明:干燥时间比平流干燥缩短10.35%,平均能耗分别比平流干燥降低5.02%和3.98%.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。