一株鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从山东某鸡场疑似肾型传染性支气管炎病死鸡的肾脏中分离到一株病毒,经SPF鸡胚连续传代、血凝试验、鸡新城疫干扰试验、鸡胚矮小化试验、RT—PCR鉴定和动物回归试验,初步确定该病毒为肾型传染性支气管炎病毒,并命名为SD1105株。     

鸡败血支原体鸡传染性鼻炎二联灭活疫苗菌种复壮鉴定试验

从国外引进的鸡败血支原体R株和副鸡嗜血杆菌221株和668株的冻干品,经我所扩增复壮和系统的鉴定试验证明:鸡败血支原体R株属典型的强毒株,副鸡嗜血杆菌221和668株分别属典型的A型和C型强毒株.经过免疫原性试验、毒力鉴定试验及效力试验证明,这三种菌株是制备鸡败血支原体、鸡传染性鼻炎二联疫苗最好的菌株.     

矮小型与正常型鸡体型性状和内脏器官发育的比较研究

本文以18周龄农凤鸡和青脚白羽鸡(各10只)为试验材料,比较矮小型和正常型鸡体型性状和内脏器官发育的差异.结果表明:矮小型鸡比正常型鸡体重低41％,背高低29％,身长短18％,肩宽窄15％,胫长短21％,骨盆窄14％；矮小型鸡的心脏、肺脏、脾脏和各消化器官的绝对重量均低于正常型鸡,但肺脏、脾脏、腺胃和食道、肌胃、十二指肠的相对重量大于正常型鸡；矮小型鸡各消化器官的绝对长度均小于正常型鸡,但肌胃和十二指肠的相对长度大于正常型鸡;矮小型鸡的消化系统较发达,屠宰率低于正常型鸡.     

B型副鸡禽杆菌田间分离株的毒力及免疫原性研究

为探索分离自安徽省某大型白羽鸡场的1株B型副鸡禽杆菌的毒力及免疫原性,本试验测定了该菌对5～6胚龄SPF鸡胚及35～40日龄SPF鸡的毒力,并用该菌株制备免疫原,免疫35～40日龄SPF鸡,用攻毒的方法测定菌株的免疫原性,同时对本菌株制备的抗原及目前国内、国外市场上销售的鸡传染性鼻炎A型、B型、C型三价或二价灭活疫苗的免疫效力进行比较。毒力试验结果显示,本菌株对SPF鸡胚的最小致死剂量为110 CFU,对SPF鸡的最小发病剂量为5.5×10~3 CFU。免疫原性试验结果显示,本菌株制备的抗原免疫鸡能有效抵抗本菌株的攻击,说明本菌株的免疫原性良好,而市场上销售的鸡传染性鼻炎三价/二价灭活疫苗免疫鸡均无法抵抗本菌株的攻击,说明市场上销售的疫苗对本菌株的保护效果较差,B型菌疫苗间的交叉保护效果不理想。本试验为B型鸡传染性鼻炎疫苗的研究提供参考和物质基础。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒BJ0903株的分离鉴定

从北京某养鸡场疑似肾型传染性支气管炎病死鸡的肾脏和肺脏组织中分离到一株病毒,经SPF鸡胚连续传代、血凝试验、鸡胚矮小试验、干扰新城疫病毒复制试验、PCR鉴定和动物回归试验,初步确定该病毒为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,命名为BJ0903株。     

鸡传染性鼻炎(三价)和新城疫二联灭活疫苗的研究

利用Page A型、B型、C型副鸡禽杆菌和新城疫病毒La Sota株,研制鸡传染性鼻炎(三价)和新城疫二联油乳剂灭活疫苗。用3个批次疫苗进行单剂量(0.5mL/次)3次接种和大剂量(2.0mL)单次接种的安全性试验、SPF鸡的免疫效力试验、商品鸡的免疫持续期试验和疫苗的保存期试验。结果表明,3批疫苗对试验鸡安全无副作用;免疫接种SPF鸡只30d后对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%,用20μL/只疫苗免疫接种SPF鸡21d后新城疫的平均HI抗体24;商品鸡42日龄首免,110日龄二免,二免后9个月对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥70%,对新城疫病毒强毒100%保护;用4℃~8℃保存12个月和15个月的3批疫苗进行了SPF鸡的近期免疫效力试验,结果对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥70%,用20μL/只疫苗免疫SPF鸡,免疫接种后21d新城疫病毒的平均HI抗体24,对新城疫病毒强毒的攻毒保护率70%。说明研制的疫苗安全有效。     

鸡传染性鼻炎三价灭活疫苗安全性试验和效力检验初报

利用PageA、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌,研制鸡传染性鼻炎(IC)三价灭活疫苗。用6批IC疫苗进行了大剂量单次接种和单剂量多次接种的安全性试验,结果表明,IC三价灭活疫苗安全无副作用;用3批疫苗进行SPF鸡和普通鸡的免疫效力试验,结果对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%;商品鸡42日龄首免,110日龄二免,二免后约9个月对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%;用4℃～8℃保存一年的3批疫苗进行了SPF鸡的近期免疫效力试验,结果对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%。     

混合感染中鸡毒支原体和副鸡嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定

从冀南地区某养鸡场患呼吸道疾病的病鸡群采集5份样品（气管和眶下窦分泌物）中，同时分离到鸡毒支原体和副鸡嗜血杆菌两种病原体。通过病原的分离培养、细菌L型检验、生化试验、血清学试验等鉴定，证明分离的鸡毒支原体与国际标准株S6的血清型一致，副鸡嗜血杆菌的血清型为A型，动物试验表明，分离的鸡毒支原体和副鸡嗜血杆菌均具有明显的致病性，说明该病鸡群同时混合感染了鸡毒支原体和副鸡嗜血杆菌。     

复合淋巴因子治疗鸡传染性喉气管炎的临床试验

本文用复合淋巴因子(I型、II型)对人工感染的鸡传染性喉气管炎进行临床药效试验。结果表明复合淋巴因子(I型、II型)对鸡传染性喉气管炎有一定的预防和治疗作用,能明显降低鸡的发病率和死亡率,减少因发病而造成的体重损失。     

鸡肺炎型沙门杆菌病的诊断及药物治疗试验

鸡肺炎型沙门杆菌病是由鸡沙门杆菌属病原菌引起鸡的一种常见多发病,可以侵害各种日龄的鸡.为了确保诊断的正确性,保证治疗效果,试验采取病料进行实验室的诊断和药敏试验,并选择对鸡肺炎型沙门杆菌病具有高度敏感性的药物进行防治,为寻找本病有效的治疗方案提供理论依据.     

“七五”国家蛋鸡选育攻关生产性能抽样测定总结

作为对国家“七五”攻关蛋鸡选育课题的总结,从1989年3月起在北京和牡丹江市分别对8个配套组合及2个引进鸡种对照组(巴布可克B300和星杂579)作了生产性能抽样测定。各组合由测定监督人作保密标志。测定过程尽可能做到随机化、标准化,测定条件符合一般生产条件。测定结果表明,京白鸡1组饲养日总蛋重达17.02kg、料蛋比为2.33,农昌1号2组的总蛋重达16.65kg,分别为白壳组和褐壳组中成绩最好的组合,超过了同测的引进鸡种水平,也比“六五”攻关的最好成绩有了明显的提高。分析显示,测定中存在比较明显的遗传与环境的互作。     

Heterogeneity of Mycoplasma dispar.

Seventy bovine mycoplasma strains recovered from cases of calf pneumonia, and all displaying the cultural characteristics of Mycoplasma dispar, were compared to the type strain of this species by the disc growth inhibition test, the metabolism inhibition test and indirect epi-immunofluorescence test applied to colonies on agar. Sixty-seven strains were found to be identical with M. dispar. The remaining three strains formed a distinct serogroup partially separate from the type strain of M. dispar, but the difference from the type strain was not considered great enough to warrant the establishment of a subspecies.     

cGhrelin对岭南黄蛋鸡生产性能的影响

本研究旨在观察cGhrelin对岭南黄蛋鸡生产性能的调节作用。选择45周龄的岭南黄蛋鸡24羽,随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组定时每3 d翅下静脉注射0.5 nmol/100 g cGhrelin,对照组注射相应体积的生理盐水,并记录各组生产性能;第15天屠宰取样检测生理生化指标。结果表明,cGhrelin可以显著降低蛋鸡的产蛋率及日均采食量(P<0.05),对料蛋比与平均蛋重无显著影响(P>0.05);试验组蛋鸡血清中雌二醇含量显著低于对照组 (P<0.05),且三碘甲腺原氨酸与甲状腺激素含量也明显降低(P>0.05)。因此,cGhrelin对岭南黄蛋鸡部分生产性能有负调控作用。     

三聚氰胺时蛋鸡的急性生和蓄积毒性

通过2个试验,研究三聚氰胺经口染毒对蛋鸡的急性毒性和蓄积毒性.试验一,选择70只220日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成7组,每组10只,蛋鸡一次口服三聚氰胺的剂量分别是944.7、1 306.7、1 807.4、2 500.1、3 458.0、4 783.1和6 616.0 mg/kg,研究三聚氰胺对蛋鸡的急性毒性.试验二,选择40只240日龄的海兰褐蛋随机分成对照组和试验组,每组20R,试验组蛋鸡每日口服三聚氰胺605.0 mg/kg,累积剂量至5LD50时结束试验,对照组口服等量淀粉,研究三聚氰胺对蛋鸡的蓄积毒性.试验结束后,对存活蛋鸡进行耐受性测定.结果表明,海兰褐蛋鸡口服三聚氰胺的LD50为2 419.9 mg/kg,95%可信限是2 017.0～2 903.4 mg/kg.蓄积系数K>5.三聚氰胺中毒存活鸡一次口服三聚氰胺2 419.9 mg/kg后,蛋鸡死亡率达8.3%;对照组蛋鸡初次口服三聚氰胺2 419.9 mg/kg后,死亡率达45%,二者差异显著(P<0.05).由此可见,三聚氰胺对蛋鸡具有低毒性、轻度蓄积的特点,蛋鸡对三聚氰胺具有较高的耐受性.     

Diagnostic summary of 1986 turkey, broiler breeder, and layer necropsy cases at the University of Georgia

Turkey, broiler breeder, and layer cases submitted for necropsy in 1986 to the University of Georgia were categorized by diagnosis, grouped by clinical features, season, age, and presenting history, and evaluated for statistically significant patterns. The most commonly diagnosed diseases were: fowl cholera in turkeys, 64 cases (34.4% of cases; 26.2% of diagnoses); staphylococcal arthritis/synovitis (SA/S) in broiler breeders, 35 cases (20.7%; 17.7%); and osteomalacia in layers, 17 cases (21.0%; 15.6%). In turkeys, fowl cholera, colibacillosis, and aspergillosis were significantly more common in the fourth, second, and third quarters of the year, respectively; enteritis and viral enteritis were more common in early grow-out, and osteomyelitis, SA/S, and synovitis were greatest in late grow-out. Overall, musculoskeletal problems in turkeys were more common in the third quarter and were less common in the first and fourth quarters. Erysipelas occurred most frequently in turkeys 50 to 112 days of age. In both broiler breeders and layers, SA/S was more common in the second quarter, and a history of musculoskeletal problems was less common in both post-peak-production broiler breeders and layers. Fowl pox was more common in the fourth quarter and in late-production broiler breeders. In layers, osteomalacia and Marek's disease were more common in the first and fourth quarters, respectively.     

Androgen receptor mRNA expression in the bovine ovary

Previous studies have shown that androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in granulosa cells of healthy, growing ovarian follicles in rats and primates. However, AR expression in the bovine ovary has not been examined. Therefore, a 346-base pair segment of the bovine AR was cloned and sequenced. Using a ribonuclease protection assay, AR expression was detected in total RNA from bovine ovarian cortex. Expression (absence or presence) of AR mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in bovine ovarian cortex. Follicles (n = 32) were classified as follows: type 1 (1 layer of flattened granulosa cells), type 2 (1-1.5 layers of cuboidal granulosa cells), type 3 (2-3 layers of granulosa cells), type 4 (4-6 layers of cuboidal granulosa cells and formation of thecal layer), and type 5 (>6 layers of cuboidal granulosa cells, defined theca layer, and antrum formation). Frequency of AR mRNA expression increased (P < 0.001) as follicles entered the growing pool. Expression of AR mRNA was absent in type 1 follicles (n = 8), but present in the granulosa cells of 41% of type 2 follicles (n = 12). In types 3-5 follicles, AR mRNA expression was present in granulosa cells of 100% of follicles examined (n = 4, 4, and 4, respectively) and was greater than type 1 follicles (P = 0.002). These data provide evidence of AR mRNA expression in bovine follicles and suggest that AR mRNA increases during early follicle development.     

湖北省禽流感的诊断及病毒株的分离与初步鉴定

通过采用琼脂扩散法（AGP）对湖北省8个发病鸡场进行禽流感抗体的检测，证实了禽流感的存在。从某鸡场5只濒死鸡气管刮屑及内脏材料中分离到了一株病毒。应用HI试验和电镜负染技术确证该分离物为A型流感病毒，其血凝价可达1：2560。该病毒粒子有囊膜，呈球形或椭圆形，大小为80－120nm，其血清型为H9N2型。     

Evaluation of the hemagglutination-inhibition test for measuring the response of chickens to avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccination

An infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test was used to assay serum-antibody titers after IBV vaccination of IBV-susceptible specific-pathogen-free broilers and commercial layers. Three-week-old broilers were vaccinated via eye-drop with IBV strains that represent the antigenic spectrum of commercial vaccines--Holland, Massachusetts 41 (41 Ms), Connecticut 46, Florida 18288, or JMK strain--and revaccinated 3 weeks later with either the same or a heterologous strain. Weekly serum samples were tested by IBV HI with homologous and heterologous antigens. Vaccinates, except for those vaccinated with the Holland strain, were HI-positive with homologous but not heterologous antigens by 1 to 2 weeks postvaccination. Sixteen-week-old IBV-vaccinated commercial layers were revaccinated with IBV Holland 52 (H 52) strain and subsequently infected with Arkansas 99 (Ark 99) and SE 17 strains. In contrast to the limited HI cross-reactivity of serum from IBV-vaccinated broilers, there were extensive cross-reactions in HI tests with 41 Ms, H 52, Ark 99, and SE 17 antigens of revaccinated layers. These results demonstrate that the IBV HI test is more strain-specific than previous reports indicate, especially when the test samples are from early postvaccination.     

Surgical treatment and histopathology of different forms of olecranon and presternal bursitis in cattle and buffalo

Thirty seven cases of bursitis presented to our Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 2001 to 2005. There were 10 adult female buffalos with olecranon bursitis (one had bilateral bursitis) and 26 calves (7 cattle and 19 buffalos, 16 males and 10 females) with presternal bursitis. There were 10 out of 11 cases of olecranon bursitis and 21 out of 26 cases of presternal bursitis with different forms (cystic, proliferative and fibrous) that were removed surgically. The remaining 6 cases, cystic bursitis (olecranon = 1, presternal = 5), were treated by aspiration of their contents and injection of 4% iodine tincture intrabursally. Only 2 cases recovered, 3 cases progressed to fibrosis and required further surgical treatment 2 to 3 weeks later, and 1 case continued to have a cystic lesion. Histopathological examination of tissue specimens from different forms of bursitis revealed that the acquired bursae were generally lined with synovial-like membrane formed from 2-3 cellular layers that covered the connective tissue capsule. The connective tissue capsule differed from one type to another and consisted of fibrous tissues containing numerous small blood vessels, blood capillaries, lymphatics and nerves. There was also evidence for inflammation within the capsule represented by congestion of blood vessels and the presence of perivascular inflammatory cells, mostly mononuclear. In conclusion, surgical treatment was successful and effective for treatment of olecranon and presternal bursitis particularly for the chronic proliferative and fibrous form in cattle and buffalo. The histological structure of the acquired bursae was relatively similar consisting of a synovial-like membrane and a connective tissue capsule with varying degrees of the inflammatory process.     

日粮中添加柑桔皮粉对产蛋后期蛋鸡钙磷代谢的影响

将 48周龄黄金褐蛋鸡 10只随机分成两组 ,对照组喂基础日粮 ,试验组用 2 5 %的柑桔皮粉等量替代基础日粮中的玉米 ,结果表明 :试验组钙磷表观代谢率为 65 79%、46 3 9% ,钙比对照组 (62 3 0 % )提高了 3 49个百分点 (P <0 0 5 ) ,磷比对照组 (4 7 5 2 % )降低了 1 13个百分点 (P >0 0 5 )。